ABSTRACT
background: Percutaneous septal ablation is a therapeutic option for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy refrac-tory to optimal medical therapy. However, results of initial persistence and long-term safety are still controversial. Objectives: The aim of this study was to report percutaneous alcohol septal ablation technique, clinical and functional outcome, cardiovascular events and its impact on long-term follow-up. Methods: A total of 23 patients were included in the study. Functional class (FC), left ventricular outflow tract gradient before and after the procedure and long-term cardiovascular events were evaluated. results: Median follow-up was 52 months (IR 33-72). All patients were in FC III or IV prior to the procedure, under maximum tolerated medical therapy. The procedure was successful in 91% of cases, with 85% of patients currently in FC I and 15% in FC II. Baseline left ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased from 75 mmHg (95% CI 51-89) to 25 mmHg (95% CI 10-37) (p <0.003) and with Valsalva maneuver from 118 mmHg (95% CI 88-152) to 38 mmHg (95% CI 16-69) (p <0.0002), persisting in the long-term follow-up. During hospitalization, two patients presented with complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. No cardiovascular deaths occurred during follow up. Conclusions: Alcohol septal ablation is a promising option for the treatment of a selected population with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, generating sustained clinical and functional improvement with low incidence of events in the long-term follow up.
ABSTRACT
Introducción El actual incremento en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad renovascular aterosclerótica (ERA) deviene del progresivo reconocimiento de su impacto clínico. El papel de la angioplastia renal percutánea como tratamiento alternativo ha motivado, y continúa haciéndolo, múltiples ensayos clínicos. Objetivos Analizar una población sometida a angioplastia renal percutánea y evaluar la seguridad del procedimiento y la respuesta clínica alejada. Material y métodos Se incluyeron en forma retrospectiva y consecutiva 100 pacientes intervenidos percutáneamente. Se realizó un seguimiento telefónico o por visitas (mediana 1,7 años; rango intercuartil 25-75, 1,2-2,7 años) durante el cual se recolectaron los datos clínicos y de laboratorio. Resultados Se analizaron 100 pacientes, la mayoría de sexo masculino (72%), edad media de 67,3 ± 9,9 años, con múltiples factores de riesgo cardiovascular (HTA 95%, DLP 74%, TBQ 63%, DM 28%) y amplio compromiso vascular aterosclerótico (enfermedad coronaria 56%, enfermedad vascular periférica 39%). Se realizó angioplastia con stent en el 98% de los casos, el 22% en forma bilateral, con un éxito del 99%. Se observó un descenso significativo de la tensión arterial sistólica (TAS) en el seguimiento alejado (TAS preprocedimiento 139,7 ± 24,2 mm Hg - TAS posprocedimiento 129,7 ± 13,9 mm Hg; p < 0,05), así como una reducción del número de drogas indicadas (2,8 ± 1,03 - 1,7 ± 0,9; p = 0,02). Estos resultados beneficiosos fueron incluso mayores en pacientes con compromiso bilateral. En relación con la función renal, el 49% de los pacientes evidenciaron una mejoría sostenida (depuración de creatinina: 53,6± 18,4 ml/min basal vs. 60,8 ± 19,5 ml/min al seguimiento; p = 0,011), mientras que el 20,4% presentó un deterioro importante en el filtrado glomerular. La mejoría en el filtrado glomerular fue más frecuente en pacientes con deterioro crónico avanzado (70,5% estadios ≥ III vs. 13,5% estadios 0-II; p = 0,01) y con angioplastia renal bilateral (depuración de creatinina: 52,8 ± 25,3 ml/min basal vs. 66,1 ± 15,1 ml/min al seguimiento; p = 0,032). En el análisis multivariado, la enfermedad renal grado ≥ III (OR 29,6, IC 95% 8,3-105,8; p > 0,001) y el sexo masculino (OR 16,2, IC 95% 4,3-105,8; p > 0,001) fueron predictores independientes de mejoría del filtrado glomerular en el seguimiento. Conclusiones El tratamiento percutáneo de la enfermedad renovascular es una alternativa terapéutica complementaria de elevada seguridad y buena evolución alejada en pacientes de riesgo alto. Se destaca asimismo el beneficio de la ATR en pacientes con deterioro renal basal importante, a pesar de una revascularización tardía.
Background The current increase in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARD) results from the progressive recognition of its clinical impact. The role of percutaneous renal angioplasty as alternative therapy has been motivating several clinical trials. Objectives To analyze a population undergoing percutaneous renal angioplasty, and to assess the safety of the procedure and the long-term clinical response. Material and Methods A retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients treated with percutaneous surgery. Follow-up visits or telephone calls (median 1.7 years; interquartile range 25-75, 1.2-2.7 years) were performed, during which clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results A total of 100 patients were analyzed, most of them male subjects (72%), mean age of 67.3±9.9 years, with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (HBP 95%, DLP 74%, smoking 63%, DM 28%) and extensive atherosclerotic vascular involvement (coronary heart disease 56%, peripheral vascular disease 39%). Angioplasty with stent-graft was performed in 98% of the patients, 22% bilaterally, with a success rate of 99%. A significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed at long-term follow up (preprocedural SBP 139.7±24.2 mm Hg - preprocedural SBP 129.7±13.9 mm Hg; p <0.05), and a reduction in the number of drugs indicated (2.8±1.03 - 1.7±0.9; p=0.02). These beneficial outcomes were even greater in patients with bilateral involvement. Regarding renal function, 49% of the patients showed sustained improvement (creatinine clearance: 53.6±18.4 ml/min basal vs. 60.8±19.5 ml/min at follow up; p=0.011), whereas 20.4% showed significant impairment in glomerular filtration. Improvement in glomerular filtration was more common in patients with advanced chronic impairment (70.5% stages ≥III vs. 13.5% stages 0-II; p=0.01) and with bilateral renal angioplasty (creatinine clearance: 52.8±25.3 ml/min basal vs. 66.1±15.1 ml/min at follow up; p=0.032). In multivariate analysis, renal disease degree ≥III (OR 29.6, CI 95% 8.3-105.8; p >0.001) and male sex (OR 16.2, CI 95% 4.3-105.8; p >0.001) were independent predictors of improved glomerular filtration at follow up. Conclusions Percutaneous treatment of renovascular disease is an additional therapeutic option, highly safe and with positive long-term outcomes in high risk patients. Benefits of the TRA in patients with significant baseline renal impairment should also be pointed out, despite the late revascularization.