ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the etiology of male urethral stricture,analyze the therapeutic strategies of urethral stricture,and summarize the complicated cases.Methods:The data of 183 patients with urethral stricture were retrospectively analyzed,including etiology,obstruction site,stricture length,therapeutic strategy,and related complications.Results:The mean age was 49.7 years,the average course was 64.7 months,and the constituent ratio of51 to 65 years old patients was 38.8％ (71/183).The traumatic injury of patients accounted for 52.4％ (96/183),in which the pelvic fracture accounted for 35.5％ (65/183) and the straddle injury accounted for 16.9％ (31/183).There were 54 cases of iatrogenic injury (29.5％).The posterior urethral stricture accounted for 45.9％ (84/183),followed by the anterior urethral stricture (44.8％,82/183) and the stenosis (6.6％,12/183).A total of 99 patients (54.1％) received the end to end anastomosis,and 40 (21.9％) were treated with intracavitary surgery,such as endoscopic holmium laser,cold knife incision,endoscopic electroknife scar removal,balloon dilation,and urethral dilation.In the patients over 65-years old,the urethral stricture rate was 14.8％ and the complication rate (70.4％) for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was significantly higher than that of all samples (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion:Both the etiology of male urethral stricture and the treatment strategy have changed and the incidence of traumatic and iatrogenic urethral stricture has increased in recent 3 years.The main treatment of urethral stricture has been transformed from endoscopic surgery into urethroplasty.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a special time for a person to develop mature sexuality and manifest psychological response, mental experience and sexual behaviour meanwhile. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mental health status of girl students during psychosexual development period in order to provide scientific basis for sexual education.DESIGN: Analytical study.SETTING: Mental health centre of a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted in the Mental Health Centre of Shantou University from September 2002 to January 2003. Totally 130 girl students of university(40), senior high school(47) and junior high school(43)were selected by cluster sampling to conduct questionnaire investigation.METHODS: Self-administrated questionnaire was used to investigate 130girl students.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual development and mental health status, opinion to sexual behaviour and sexual morality.RESULTS: Thirty girls(23.1% ) were at a loss and have negative response to the secondary sexual characters while 99 girls had masturbatory experience(76. 2% ), 46 had incorrect attitude towards masturbation(35.4% ), 14had unusual relationship with males(10. 1% ) and 21 once had experienced sexual harassment (16.2%).CONCLUSION: It is necessary to conduct sexual health eduction to students in order to reduce the negative mental response caused by sexual development as well as sexual morality education focusing on virginity. The sexual harassment to girls also should be paid attention.