ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate whether rumination and family functioning can predict the level of depression after 1 year of follow-up in patients with first-episode depression, and whether family functioning plays a mediating role between rumination and depression level.Methods:Sixty-five patients with first-episode depression who met the enrollment requirements were included, and all subjects were assessed the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17), rumination response scale(RRS) and family assessment device(FAD). All subjects were followed up for 1 year, and the predictive effects of rumination and family functioning at baseline on the level of depression after 1 year of follow-up were investigated by hierarchical linear regression analysis and mediation analysis.Results:At the baseline stage, rumination, role, affective involvement (AI) and general functioning (GF) were significantly positively associated with depression level after 1 year of follow-up in patients with first-episode depression ( r=0.49, P<0.01; r=0.30, P=0.02; r=0.43, P<0.01; r=0.50, P<0.01; respectively). Rumination, AI and GF at the baseline stage predicted depression level after 1 year of follow-up ( β=0.315, t=2.954, P=0.005; β=0.261, t=2.550, P=0.013; β=0.323, t=2.952, P=0.005). Mediation analysis showed that AI and GF partially mediated the relationship between rumination at baseline and depression level at 1 year follow-up (point estimate value for AI=0.040, 95% CI=0.012-0.090); point estimate value for GF=0.066, 95% CI=0.017-0.143). Conclusions:Rumination and family functioning at baseline in first-episode depressed patients can predict the depression level at 1 year follow-up.Family functioning partly mediates the relationship between the baseline rumination and the depression level at 1 year follow-up.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo discuss the efficacy of Williams Life Skills Training （WLST） in depressive adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI）. MethodsA total of 88 depressive adolescents with NSSI hospitalized in Suzhou Guangji Hospital from January to June 2019 were selected and grouped according to admission order. The corresponding random number was even in intervention group （n=44） and odd as control group （n=44）. Both groups received a 4-week routine depression care， based on this， intervention group received WLST. All selected individuals were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）， General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES） and adolescent student life satisfaction scale at the baseline and end of treatment. Then the incidence of NSSI behavior during hospitalization and the reduction rate of HAMD-17 score at discharge were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe incidence rate of NSSI behavior during hospitalization showed significant difference between groups （χ2=11.702， P=0.001）. HAMD-17， GSES and satisfaction scores at discharge were significantly different from those at admission （tcontrol group=-5.256， 10.690， -21.220； tintervention group=-12.540， 11.300， -32.840， P<0.01）. HAMD-17， GSES， satisfaction scores and the reduction rate of HAMD-17 score also showed significant differences between groups （t=0.851， -12.809， -4.883， χ2=75.990， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionApplication of WLST in depressive adolescents with NSSI may reduce the incidence rate of NSSI behavior， alleviate the degree of depression， enhance the sense of self-efficacy， and improve life satisfaction.