ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expressions and significances of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in different stages of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, and to provide basis for accurate pathological diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:Sixty-two surgical specimens from patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2012 to June 2019 were selected. Most of the specimens contained more than one pathological type. According to the pathological types, they were divided into three groups: 18 cases of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 60 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and 55 cases of invasive carcinoma (CA) component in minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA), and the wall attached growth patterns were selected as control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of TGF-β 1 and DDAH2 proteins in different pathological types of lesions and control tissues, and the correlation among them was analyzed. Results:TGF-β 1 and DDAH2 proteins were expressed in normal lung tissue epithelial cells, and the positive rates were high [46.8% (29/62) and 98.4% (61/62)]. The positive rates of TGF-β 1 and DDAH2 proteins in epithelial cells of AAH, AIS and CA increased gradually, the positive rate of TGF-β 1 protein was 16.7% (3/18), 31.7% (19/60) and 70.9% (39/55), the positive rate of DDAH2 protein was 66.6% (12/18), 81.7% (49/60) and 90.1% (49/55), and the differences of positive rates among different pathological types were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The positive rates of TGF-β 1 and DDAH2 protein in interstitial fibroblasts of normal lung tissue, AAH, AIS and CA increased gradually, the positive rate of TGF-β 1 protein was 11.3% (7/62), 61.1% (11/18), 72.3% (44/60), and 83.6% (46/55), the positive rate of DDAH2 protein was 0 (0/62), 22.2% (4/18), 65.0% (39/60), and 98.2% (54/55), and the differences of positive rates among different pathological types were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). In lung adenocarcinoma tissues, there was a positive correlation between the expression of TGF-β 1 in epithelial cells and the expression of DDAH2 in interstitial fibroblasts ( r = 0.221, P = 0.011). Conclusions:The expression trend of TGF-β 1 and DDAH2 proteins in different pathological types of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma lesions may relate to the degree of lesions. The combined detection of TGF-β 1 and DDAH2 proteins is expected to be a biomarker for the auxiliary diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with different pathological types.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of HOXA11 and β-catenin proteins in colorectal serrated lesions and their roles in carcinogenesis. Methods A total of 252 cases of colorectal biopsy specimens in Shanxi Dayi Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively, including 97 serrated lesions, 46 common adenomas, 109 adenocarcinomas, and 24 normal colorectal mucosa tissues were selected as controls. The expressions of HOXA11 and β-catenin proteins were detected by immunohistochemical EnVision method. Methylation of HOXA11 gene was detected by specific methylation polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 25 paraffin-embedded adenocarcinoma tissues. Results In 97 serrated lesions, 29 (29.9％) occurred in the left colon;in 46 common adenomas, 27 (58.7％) occurred in the left colon;in 109 adenocarcinomas, 76 (69.7％) occured in the left colon. The difference of the occurrence location among three groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 34.75, P< 0.01). The heterotopic expression rate ofβ-catenin protein in serrated lesions, common adenomas and adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that in normal mucosae [96.9％ (94/97), 82.6％ (38/46), 86.2％ (94/109) vs. 0 (0/24), P < 0.01]. The heterotopic expression of β-catenin protein was found in serrated lesions and the co-expression of cytoplasm and nucleus was found in common adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The normal expression rate of HOXA11 protein in serrated lesions, common adenomas and adenocarcinomas was lower than that in normal mucosae [33.0％ (32/97), 67.4％ (31/46), 48.6％ (53/109) vs. 100.0％ (24/24), all P< 0.05]. The methylation rate of HOXA11 gene was 84.0％ (21/25). Conclusion The ectopic expression of β-catenin in colorectal serrated lesions suggests that it is associated with serrated lesions, and the low expression of HOXA11 may be an early event in the carcinogenesis of serrated lesions.
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Objective To investigate the impact of calcification on differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule using shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with thyroid nodules were prospectively enrolled in the study. Ultrasound observations included nodule size, boundary, shape, envelope, internal echotexture, posterior acoustic enhancement, and the relationship with surrounding tissue. According to the presence of internal calciifcation, patients were divided into calciifcation group (groupⅠ) and no calciifcation group (groupⅡ). Real-time shear wave elastography (young′s modulus value) were taken in both groups. Taking surgical pathologic results as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SWE in diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodule were drawn for two groups respectively. Results In groupⅠ, 25 cases were benign and 38 cases were malignant. The malignant incidence was 60%. Among them the rate of malignant nodules in microcalcification group was 92%(24/26). The incidence of malignant nodules in coarse calcification group was 38%(14/37). The area under the curve (AUC) of SWE in groupⅠwas 0.564. In groupⅡ, 67 cases were benign and malignant had 16 cases. Using 30.43 kPa as the diagnostic point of young′s modulus value, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy and AUC were 93.2%, 81.2%, 84.8%and 0.824. Conclusion In no calciifcation group, SWE is more meaningful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.