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Objective@#To elucidate the mechanism of melatonin combined with cisplatin in promoting cell apoptosis of rat pancreatic cancer AR42J cells.@*Methods@#Rat pancreatic cancer AR42J cells were divided into control group, 1 mmol/L cisplatin treated group (cisplatin group), 1 mmol/L melatonin treated group (melatonin group), 1 mmol/L cisplatin combined with 1 mmol/L melatonin treated group (combined group), 1 μmol/L cisplatin combined with melatonin treated group after 1 μmol/L PBN pretreatment for an hour (PBN+ combined group) and 1 μmol/L cisplatin combined with melatonin treated group after PBN solvent pretreatment for an hour (solvent+ combined group). MTT and annexin V-FITC/PI were used to detect the cell proliferation rate and cell apoptosis rate, respectively. The protein expression of caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. DCFH-DA was used to detect the level of ROS. ROS level and caspase-3 expression in AR42J cells pretreated with ROS antagonist PBN for 24 hours were detected.@*Results@#The cell proliferation rate of control group, cisplatin group, melatonin group and combination group after 24-hour culture was (96.29±3.49)%, (81.38±6.01)%, (80.72±3.68)% and (42.26±6.35)%, respectively. The cell apoptosis rate was (16.42±4.15)%, (56.47±9.06)%, (52.94±6.57)% and (87.36±6.48)%, respectively. The percentage of ROS positive cells was (1.33±1.53)%, (46.67±7.64)%, (45.67±5.13)% and (83.33±7.64)%, respectively. The expression of cspase-3 was 100%, (150.64±7.70)%, (147.00±7.27)% and (190.04±5.07)%, respectively. The cell proliferation rate of cisplatin group and melatonin group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The apoptotic rate, the proportion of ROS positive cells and the expression of caspase-3 were significantly higher than those in control group. The changes in the combined group were more obvious than those in the single drug treatment group, and the differences were all statistically significant (all Pvalues <0.05). The percentage of ROS positive AR42J cells [(45.24±4.64)% vs (84.90±6.13)%)] induced by melatonin combined with cisplatin could be significantly reversed by PBN pretreatment for 1 hour, and the expression of caspase-3 in AR42J cells could be down regulated (124.92±9.72 vs 184.69±7.76) with statistically significant difference (all P values<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Melatonin combined with cisplatin may promote cell apoptosis of pancreatic cancer AR42J cells through ROS/caspase-3 pathway.
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Objective@#To understand the medical expenditure and related household economic burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients receiving full course treatment in designated TB hospitals in China and identify the related factors.@*Method@#A cross-sectional study was conducted in 535 consecutive TB patients receiving TB treatment from April 2017 to June 2017 in 5 designated TB hospitals in eastern and western China selected through stratified cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect the information about patients’ social economic characteristics and TB diagnosis and treatment expenditure.@*Results@#The average total medical expenditure for TB treatment was 12 635.5 yuan (RMB), in which the direct medical expenditure accounted for 65.3% of the total. Nearly half of the total medical expenditure occurred in pre-treatment period. The expenditure in pre- treatment period was higher in the patients with low education level, newly treated patients, and initial sputum negative patients. The median (quartile) for the ratio of total medical expenditure to annual household income was 22%(10%-57%). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that low-level education background, lower household income, hospitalization and suffering from other chronic disease might increase the ratio of medical expenditure to annual household income.@*Conclusions@#Medical expenditure for full course TB treatment is still high in patients in designated TB hospitals. It is suggested to strengthen the capability building of timely found and referral of TB patients in non- designated hospitals and improve fee reduction and exemption policy for some patients.
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Objective To study the expression and significance of Nrf2 and caspase-3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods The specimens from 82 cases of NSCLC in our hospital from September 2015 to December 2017 were selected for observation.All patients were surgically resected to obtain NSCLC specimens.The expression of Nrf2 and caspase-3 in NSCLC was detected by immunohistochemistry and its clinical significance was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of Nrf2 in NSCLC (63.4％) was significantly higher than that in normal tissue (30.0％),with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The analysis of clinical characteristics showed that the expression of Nrf2 in NSCLC was related to tumor diameter,tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Nrf2 in NSCLC was not significantly associated with gender,age,smoking history,case classification,and histological differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of caspase-3 in NSCLC (40.2％) and the positive rate of caspase-3 in normal tissues (40.0％) were not statistically different (P ＞ 0.05).Analysis of clinical characteristics showed that the expression of caspase-3 in NSCLC was related to TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);the expression of Nrf2 in NSCLC was not significantly associated with gender,age,smoking history,case classification,tissue differentiation,and tumor diameter (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The abnormal expression of Nrf2 and caspase-3 is correlated with the progression of NSCLC and the malignant biological behavior.Active detection of Nrf2 and caspase-3 levels can clinically determine the clinical stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of NSCLC,providing information to facilitate clinical development of relevant interventions.
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Objective To elucidate the mechanism of melatonin combined with cisplatin in promoting cell apoptosis of rat pancreatic cancer AR42J cells. Methods Rat pancreatic cancer AR42J cells were divided into control group, 1 mmol/L cisplatin treated group (cisplatin group), 1 mmol/L melatonin treated group ( melatonin group) , 1 mmol/L cisplatin combined with 1 mmol/L melatonin treated group ( combined group) , 1 μmol/L cisplatin combined with melatonin treated group after 1 μmol/L PBN pretreatment for an hour ( PBN+combined group ) and 1 μmol/L cisplatin combined with melatonin treated group after PBN solvent pretreatment for an hour ( solvent+combined group ) . MTT and annexin V-FITC/PI were used to detect the cell proliferation rate and cell apoptosis rate, respectively. The protein expression of caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. DCFH-DA was used to detect the level of ROS. ROS level and caspase-3 expression in AR42J cells pretreated with ROS antagonist PBN for 24 hours were detected. Results The cell proliferation rate of control group, cisplatin group, melatonin group and combination group after 24-hour culture was (96. 29 ± 3. 49)％, (81. 38 ± 6. 01)％, (80. 72 ± 3. 68)％ and (42. 26 ± 6. 35)％, respectively. The cell apoptosis rate was (16. 42 ± 4. 15)％, (56. 47 ± 9. 06)％, (52. 94 ± 6. 57)％ and (87. 36 ± 6. 48)％, respectively. The percentage of ROS positive cells was (1. 33 ± 1. 53)％, (46. 67 ± 7. 64)％, (45. 67 ± 5. 13)％ and (83. 33 ± 7. 64)％, respectively. The expression of cspase-3 was 100％, (150. 64 ± 7. 70)％, (147. 00 ± 7. 27)％ and (190. 04 ± 5. 07)％, respectively. The cell proliferation rate of cisplatin group and melatonin group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The apoptotic rate, the proportion of ROS positive cells and the expression of caspase-3 were significantly higher than those in control group. The changes in the combined group were more obvious than those in the single drug treatment group, and the differences were all statistically significant (all Pvalues <0.05). The percentage of ROS positive AR42J cells [(45.24 ± 4. 64)％ vs (84. 90 ± 6. 13)％)] induced by melatonin combined with cisplatin could be significantly reversed by PBN pretreatment for 1 hour, and the expression of caspase-3 in AR42J cells could be down regulated (124. 92 ± 9. 72 vs 184. 69 ± 7. 76) with statistically significant difference (all P values<0. 05). Conclusions Melatonin combined with cisplatin may promote cell apoptosis of pancreatic cancer AR42J cells through ROS/caspase-3 pathway.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the similarity of dissolution profiles of self-development and original preparation of Solife-nacin succinate tablet,and provide reference for the prescription and process screening of the former one and the quality similarity evaluation of the latter one. METHODS:The paddle method was adopted with rotational speed of 50 r/min,using water,pH1.2 hy-drochloric acid solution,pH4.0 acetate buffer solution and pH6.8 phosphate buffer solution as dissolution media,HPLC was used to determine the cumulative dissolution of main components of self-development and original preparation of Solifenacin succinate tablet at different time points,dissolution profile was drew,then f2 was used to evaluate its similarity. RESULTS:In the 4 dissolu-tion media,the f2 of both self-development and original preparation of Solifenacin succinate tablet was higher than 50,which indi-cated that the dissolution profiles showed similarity. CONCLUSIONS:The established HPLC is suitable for the dissolution determi-nation of Solifenacin succinate tablet;the dissolution profiles of the self-development and original preparations are basically simi-lar,which indicates the prescription and technology of self-development preparation are feasible.
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Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of estrogen receptors (ER) in spleen of female BALB/c mice after injected with diethylstilbestrol (DES) beginning in neonatal period. Methods Neonatal female BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously on cervix-backside with DES within 24 hours after birth at intervals of 24 hours for 5 times. Control groups were injected with olive oil with the same method. Mice were killed on 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 35 days and 49 days after birth separately, the spleen was taken out, imbedded with paraffin and sectioned serially in 5??m. The expression of ER in slice of spleen was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. Results ER positive cells were present in both DES-injected groups and control groups. ER positive cells were mostly lymphocytes. A correlation between age and the intensity of positive reactions was showed in both groups. The intensity of ER immunohistochemistry positive reaction in DES group was much stronger than that in control group, and there was a significant statistic difference between the two groups. Conclusion The ER expression exists in spleen of female BALB/c mice and increases with the age of mice. The contact of DES in neonatal female BALB/c mice will lead to an increased ER expression in their spleens and this effect can continue to their manhood at least.