A educação médica na percepção de seus atores com ênfase na educação geral / Medical education in the perception of its actors with an emphasis on general education

Resumo: As discussões sobre uma formação mais ampla foram estimuladas pela Lei de Diretrizes e Base (LDB) e têm sido ampliadas nas Escolas Médicas, particularmente, com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as percepções acadêmicas de discentes e responsáveis pelo ensino (RE) sobre o ensino na graduação em medicina) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), com ênfase na educação geral. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com análises quantitativas e qualitativas, com uma amostra intencional de duas Escolas Médicas. Para o estudo quantitativo os estudantes foram agrupados em Básico (primeiro e segundo anos), Pré-Clínico (terceiro e quarto anos) e Clínico (internato) e responderam a um questionário (online ou impresso) sobre a estruturação do currículo. O estudo qualitativo com os discentes foi realizado a partir de duas questões para respostas abertas. Nas entrevistas com os RE (docentes, assessores pedagógicos e coordenadores de curso) e nas questões abertas dos discentes foram utilizadas análises de conteúdo, com categorias apriorísticas e emergentesdas falas.Resultados: As respostas foram tabuladas e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva e, na fase do estudo qualitativo, foram identificadas as unidades de significado com a definição das categorias, "Docentes e Infraestrutura", "Ensino", "Formação Cultural e Geral", "Formação Profissional", "Formas de Avaliação" e "Metodologia". As mesmas categorias foram observadas nas entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com os RE que participaram. A estrutura curricular do curso é conhecida nas duas Escolas. Quanto à LDB e DCN, os alunos da UFBA as conhecem mais do que os da Unicamp. O grau de satisfação dos alunos apresenta variação entre formação profissional e formação cultural. Satisfação no campo profissional para alunos dos três períodos da Unicamp e para o Básico e Pré-Clínico da UFBA, enquanto nas duas predomina insatisfação no âmbito cultural, fato ainda mais observado no período Clínico. Para a maioria dos alunos da UFBA, a missão da Instituição é fornecer conhecimentos úteis à sociedade e desenvolver as habilidades intelectuais, enquanto que para os da Unicamp é formar novas gerações de pesquisadores e fazer avançar o conhecimento. A categoria mais mencionada foi "Ensino" com "compreensão da medicina como um todo" e "formação humanística do aluno". Para os RE, na categoria "Ensino", algumas das falas retratam a formação tecnicamente capacitada, com boa formação humanística e científica. Será apresentado relatório técnico dos resultados para as duas Escolas. Conclusões: Para discentes e docentes, a formação geral é essencial para que o futuro médico possa ser um profissional cidadão. Apesar da tradição das metodologias e das avaliações, todos os atores envolvidos no processo de ensino aprendizagem deste estudo reconhecem a relevância da formação humanística e da presença da interdisciplinaridade no curso médico das suas Instituições. Parte dos resultados pode ser extrapolada para outras Escolas Médicas(AU)

Abstract: Discussions on a broader education entourage by the Guidelines and Basic Law (GBL) and they have been expanded in the Medical Schools, particularly with the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG). The objective of this study was to analyze the academic perceptions of students and responsible for the teaching (RT) in medical graduation of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) and for the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), with emphasis on general education. Methods: This is a descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative analyzes, with an intentional sample of two Medical Schools. For the quantitative study the students were grouped in Basic (first and second years), Pre-Clinical (third and fourth years) and Clinic (fifth and sixth years) and answered a questionnaire (online or printed) on curriculum structuring. The qualitative study with the students was carried out from two questions for open answers, In the interviews with the RT (teachers, pedagogical advisors and course coordinators) and open questions of the students were used content analyzes, with categories a priori and emerging from the speeches. Results: The responses were tabulated and analyzed through descriptive statistics and, in the qualitative study phase, the meaning units were identified with the definition of the categories, "Teachers and Infrastructure", "Teaching", "Cultural and General Formation", "Professional Training", "Evaluation Forms" and "Methodology". The same categories were founded in the semistructured interviews with those RT that participated. The curricular structure of the course is known in both schools. As for GBL and NCG, UFBA students know them better than those at Unicamp. The degree of student satisfaction varies between professional training and cultural training. Satisfaction in the professional field for students of the three periods of the State Univeristy of Campinas, and for the Basic and Preclinical of the UFBA, while in both schools there is a predominance of cultural dissatisfaction, a fact still more observed in the Clinical period. For most students from UFBA, the institution's mission is to provide useful knowledge to society and to develop intellectual skills, while for the UNICAMP students it is to train new generations of researchers and advance knowledge. The negative and positive characteristics presented by the students were analyzed qualitatively and their quantification was only illustrative. The most mentioned category was "Teaching" and, among the students' speeches, there is "an understanding of medicine as a whole" and "humanistic formation of the student". For those in charge of teaching, in the category "Teaching", some of the statements portray the training technically qualified, with good humanistic and scientific training. A technical report will be presented of the results for the two Schools. Conclusions: For students and teachers, general education is essential so that the future doctor can be a professional citizen. Despite the tradition of methodologies and evaluations, all the actors involved in the learning process of this study recognize the relevance of humanistic training and the presence of interdisciplinarity in the medical course of their Institutions. Part of the results can be extrapolated to other Medical Schools(AU)

O conhecimento e o ensino sobre doenças sexualmente transmissíveis entre universitários / Awareness and education regarding sexually transmitted diseases among undergraduate students

Resumo Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) são a principal causa global de doença aguda e morte e representam elevado custo socioeconômico. Universitários são altamente expostos. A pesquisa desenvolvida na Unicamp teve como objetivo quantificar e gerar autopercepção do (des)conhecimento sobre as DST, além de avaliar o interesse em uma disciplina sobre o tema. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário enviado eletronicamente aos graduandos do final de 2011 e aos alunos recém-ingressos em 2012. Responderam o questionário 1.448 veteranos e 371 calouros. Não tinham tido atividade sexual 20% dos veteranos e 38% dos calouros. Dos alunos que já haviam tido, 26,9% não tinham parceria fixa e 28,2%, mais que duas parcerias/ano. O preservativo foi usado por 99% dos alunos, mas menos de 20% deles faziam uso adequado. Cerca de 80% não sabiam que o preservativo não protege fora da área de barreira; pretendiam ler mais sobre DST e aprenderam algo sobre o assunto. Quase a metade julgou que uma disciplina deveria ser oferecida a todos os graduandos. Estes dados serão úteis para definir estratégias de prevenção e o instrumento didático poderá ser utilizado em outros ambientes de ensino.

Abstract Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the main global cause of acute illness and death and represent a high socioeconomic cost. Undergraduate students are highly exposed to STDs. The research developed at UNICAMP sought to quantify and generate self-perception of knowledge(or lack thereof) about STDs, as well as evaluate the interest of the students in a course on the topic. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire sent electronically to students about to graduate at the end of 2011 and to freshmen in 2012. The questionnaire was answered by 1,448 seniors and 371 freshmen. Twenty percent of seniors and 38% of freshmen had no sexual activity. Among sexually active students, 26.9% had no regular partner and 28.2% more than two partners per year. The condom was used by 99% of students, but less than 20% used them appropriately. About 80% were unaware that condoms do not provide protection outside the barrier area; they intended to read more about STDs and learnt something about the subject. Nearly half of the students considered that a course should be offered to all undergraduates. These findings will be of use in defining strategies for prevention and the teaching tool could be used in other learning environments.

Dermatology relevance to graduates from the Universidade Estadual de Campinas Medical School

AbstractBACKGROUND:Some research indicates that physicians do not dominate the expected dermatological content for the proper exercise of the profession. This fact compromises their diagnostic and therapeutic performance, generating unnecessary costs.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of Dermatology and the knowledge acquired in the specialty during the undergraduate course in clinical practice of graduates at the State University of Campinas Medical School (FCM/UNICAMP).METHOD:A questionnaire with 22 closed questions and two open ones was electronically sent to physicians who had graduated more than 10 years ago and others for less than 10 years. In the first group, physicians were trained by the same curriculum and in the second group there were subjects trained by the old and the new curriculum.RESULTS:Of the 126 respondents, 83% had completed a specialization course. Among all, 82% did not study dermatology after graduation. The majority considered that Dermatology has high relevance in clinical practice, regardless of the group. There was a statistically significant difference between non-dermatologist doctors graduated for more than 10 years and those graduated for less than 10 years regarding confidence about lesion diagnosis, diagnostic investigation and treatment of skin diseases. Physicians who have graduated for a longer time feel more insecure in relation to patients with dermatoses. Concerning contributions offered by graduation program completion they prioritized outpatient care, ability to diagnose, knowledge of pathology, research and knowledge of lesions.CONCLUSION:This study has shown that Dermatology is relevant in medical practice and more recent graduates from the FCM/UNICAMP feel less insecure when treating a patient with dermatoses.