ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: New findings point out that the mechanism of formation of the hernias can be related to the collagenous tissues, under activity of aggressive agents such as the tobacco, alcohol and diabetes. Aim: To analyze the collagen present in the cremaster muscle in patients with inguinal hernias, focusing the effect of tobacco, alcohol, and diabetes. Methods: Fifteen patients with inguinal hernia divided in three groups were studied: group I (n=5) was control; group II (n=5) were smokers and/or drinkers; and group III (n=5) had diabetes mellitus. All subjects were underwent to surgical repair of the inguinal hernias obeying the same pre, intra and postoperative conditions. During surgery, samples of the cremaster muscle were collected for analysis in polarized light microscopy, collagen morphometry and protein. Results: The area occupied by the connective tissue was higher in groups II and III (p<0.05). The collagen tissue occupied the majority of the samples analyzed in comparison to the area occupied by muscle cells. The content of total protein was higher in groups II and III compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The tobacco, alcohol and diabetes cause a remodel the cremaster muscle, leading to a loss of support or structural change in this region, which may enhance the occurrences and damage related to inguinal hernias.
RESUMO Racional: Estudos recentes sinalizam que o mecanismo de formação das hérnias pode estar relacionado aos tecidos colagenosos, sob a ação de agentes agressores como o tabaco, o álcool e o diabete. Objetivo: Avaliar o colágeno presente no músculo cremaster em pacientes com hérnias inguinais enfocando o efeito do tabaco, álcool e diabete. Métodos: Foram estudados 15 pacientes com hérnias inguinais divididos em: grupo I (n=5) controles; grupo II (n=5) indivíduos fumantes e/ou etilistas; e grupo III (n=5) indivíduos que apresentavam diabete melito. Todos foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica das hérnias inguinais obedecendo às mesmas condições pré, intra e pós-operatórias. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, amostras do músculo cremaster foram coletadas para análises em microscopia de luz polarizada, morfometria do colágeno e de proteínas. Resultados: A área ocupada por tecido conjuntivo foi maior nos grupos II e III (p<0,05). O tecido colágeno ocupou a maior parte das amostras analisadas, em comparação à área ocupada pelas células musculares. O conteúdo de proteínas totais foi maior nos grupos II e III, quando comparado com o grupo controle (p<0,05). Conclusão: O tabaco, o álcool e o diabete ocasionam remodelação no músculo cremaster, levando à perda de suporte ou alteração estrutural nesta região, podendo intensificar as ocorrências e os danos relacionados às hérnias inguinais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Smoking/adverse effects , Collagen/analysis , Abdominal Muscles/chemistry , Diabetes Complications/etiology , Hernia, Inguinal/etiology , Alcohol Drinking/metabolism , Smoking/metabolism , Collagen/biosynthesis , Abdominal Muscles/metabolism , Diabetes Complications/metabolism , Hernia, Inguinal/metabolismABSTRACT
Brachial plexus neuropathies are common complaints among patients seen at orthopedic clinics. The causes range from traumatic to occupational factors and symptoms include paresthesia, paresis, and functional disability of the upper limb. Treatment can be surgical or conservative, but detailed knowledge of the brachial plexus is required in both cases to avoid iatrogenic injuries and to facilitate anesthetic block, preventing possible vascular punctures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the topography of the infraclavicular brachial plexus fascicles in different upper limb positions adopted during some clinical procedures. A formalin-preserved, adult, male cadaver was used. The infraclavicular and axillary regions were dissected and the distance of the brachial plexus fascicles from adjacent bone structures was measured. No anatomical variation in the formation of the brachial plexus was observed. The metric relationships between the brachial plexus and adjacent bone prominences differed depending on the degree of shoulder abduction. Detailed knowledge of the infraclavicular topography of neurovascular structures helps with the diagnosis and especially with the choice of conservative or surgical treatment of brachial plexus neuropathies.
Las neuropatías del plexo braquial son quejas comunes entre los pacientes atendidos en las clínicas ortopédicas. Las causas van desde traumas a factores ocupacionales y los síntomas incluyen parestesias, paresia e incapacidad funcional del miembro superior. El tratamiento puede ser quirúrgico o conservador, pero se requiere un conocimiento detallado del plexo braquial en ambos casos para evitar lesiones iatrogénicas y para facilitar el bloqueo anestésico, evitando posibles lesiones vasculares. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la topografía de los fascículos del plexo braquial infraclavicular en diferentes posiciones de los miembros superiores adoptadas durante algunos procedimientos clínicos. Se llevó a cabo la disección de las regiones infraclavicular y axilar de un cadáver adulto, de sexo masculino, conservado en formaldehído. Se midió la distancia de los fascículos del plexo braquial en relación a las estructuras óseas adyacentes. No se observó variación anatómica en la formación del plexo braquial. Las relaciones métricas entre el plexo braquial y las prominencias óseas adyacentes difieren en función del grado de abducción del hombro. El conocimiento detallado de la topografía infraclavicular de las estructuras neurovasculares ayuda con el diagnóstico y sobre todo con la elección del tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico de las neuropatías del plexo braquial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Brachial Plexus/injuries , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/pathology , Upper Extremity/innervation , Brachial Plexus/pathology , CadaverABSTRACT
Introduction The relevance of allergic rhinitis is unquestionable. This condition affects people s quality of life and its incidence has increased over the last years. Objective Thus, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of subcutaneous injectable immunotherapy in cases of nasal itching, sneeze, rhinorrhea and nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis patients. Methods In the present study, the same researcher analyzed the records of 281 patients. Furthermore, the researchers identified allergens through puncture cutaneous tests using standardized extracts containing acari, fungi, pet hair, flower pollen, and feathers. Then, the patients underwent treatment with subcutaneous specific immunotherapy, using four vaccine vials for desensitization, associated with environmental hygiene. The authors analyzed conditions of nasal itching, sneeze, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion throughout the treatment, and assigned them with a score ranging from zero (0), meaning absence of these symptoms to three (3), for severe cases. The symptoms were statistically compared in the beginning, during, and after treatment. Results In this study, authors analyzed the cases distribution according to age and the evolution of symptomatology according to the scores, comparing all phases of treatment. The average score for the entire population studied was 2.08 before treatment and 0.44 at the end. These results represent an overall improvement of ±79% in symptomatology of allergic rhinitis in the studied population. Conclusion The subcutaneous immunotherapy as treatment of allergic rhinitis led to a reduction in all symptoms studied, improving the quality of life of patients, proving itself as an important therapeutic tool for these pathological conditions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Immunotherapy, Active , Rhinitis, Allergic , Signs and Symptoms , Desensitization, Immunologic , Injections, SubcutaneousABSTRACT
The gastro-omental artery is one of the branches of the common hepatic artery. Alterations in the embryonic development of the ventral splanchnic arteries can cause marked variations. A rare variant of the right gastro-omental artery was observed during dissection of a 50-year-old male cadaver. The occurrence of this variant has not been reported in the specialized literature. This case of a different origin of the gastro-omental artery is described in detail in order to provide information that may contribute to upper abdominal surgeries.
La arteria gastro-omental es una de las ramas de la arteria hepática común. Las alteraciones en el desarrollo embrionario de las arterias ventrales pueden causar variaciones marcadas. Se observó una variante rara de la arteria gastro-omental derecha durante la disección de un cadáver de un hombre de 50 años de edad. La presencia de esta variante no se ha informado en la literatura especializada. Este caso de origen diferente de la arteria gastro-omental se describe detalladamente con el fin de proporcionar información que pueda contribuir a la cirugía abdominal superior.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anatomic Variation , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Omentum/blood supply , Stomach/blood supply , CadaverABSTRACT
Several study have examined the deterious effects of diabetes on the oral mucosa. In this study, we examined the histological, ultrastructural and stereological changes in the oral epitelium of diabetic NOD mice and correlated the findings with the processes of tissue repair, healing and susceptibility to infection. Twenty-seven female mice were allocated to one the three experimental groups (n=9/group) BALB/c control mice, non diabetic NOD mice and diabetic NOD mice. After confirmation of the diabetic state based on the urine glucose levels, tissue sample were collected from chek mucosa and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Diabetic NOD mice showed atrophy of the oral epithelium with definite cellular polimorphism and indistinguishable cell layers. The alteration seen included a reduced number of cell organelles, cell membrane disorganization, the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cell cytoplasm, an increased intercellular space and light superficial desquamation. Non-diabetic NOD mice showed only moderate morphological alterations in the cheek mucosa. These results indicate that diabetes adversely affects the morphology of the cheek mucosa, which may compromise tissue function to favor the occurence of oral infections.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Mouth Mucosa , Epithelium , Mouth MucosaABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar um procedimento radiográfico auxiliar para a avaliação anatômica do processo coronóide da mandíbula, funcional e que em diversos casos pudessem substituir outros métodos mais complexos que envolvam custos adicionais ao paciente. As radiografias foram obtidas de 20 pacientes utilizando filmes oclusais KodaK Ektaspeed Plus EO 41 P tamanho 4, posicionados anteriormente à orelha do paciente e o localizador do aparelho de raios X situação à 45°em relação a linha mediana do crânio. O procedimento radiográfico permitiu a visialização da região de ramo da mandíbula e o processo coronóide livres de sobreposição de outras estruturas anatômicas. Acredita-se que o procedimento como método complementar é relevante e pode ser utilizado em diferentes casos, visto sua funcionalidade e baixo custo. O procedimento apresentado pode ser realizado em clínicas não especializadas, permitindo ao clínico geral obter imagens anatômicas satisfatórias e assim facilitando o diagnóstico
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mandible , RadiographyABSTRACT
O exame radiografico periapical é um importante método de diagnóstico de processos patológicos na região maxilomandibular 2,5,7,9. A técnica periapical, compreende os procedimentos da bissetriz e do paralelismo. A importância de obter imagens de qualidade e sem distorções é ressaltada, visto a necessidade de se conhecer a anatomia interna do dente e das estruturas adjacentes proporcionando diagnóstico mais precisos 6,4,8,7. Para obtenção de radiografias precisas alguns procedimentos são importantes, como o posicionamento do filme radiográfico, a angulação do localizador do aparelho de raios X e a distância foco-filme-objetivo. Esses procedimentos podem ser executados com o auxilio de instrumentos, designados posicionadores radiograficos. Estes estabilizam corretamente as angulações, simplificando as técnicas 1,2,3. Contudo, mesmo com a utilização de posicionadores pode-se não obter radiografias satisfatórias. Desta maneira o presente trabalho foi delineado para propor um posicionador experimental que auxiliasse a obtenção de imagens satisfatórias das estruturas anatômicas. Como resultados o posicionador apresentou-se funcional, auxiliou no controle da contaminação e permitiu a obtenção de radiografias satisfatórias. A utilização do posicionador exprimental mostrou-se relevante em diferntes situações, facilitando o diagnóstico radiográfico