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1.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 15(1): 39-51, Abril/2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1437940

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: A depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT) é uma preocupação primária no Brasil devido à sua natureza onerosa e complexa, enquanto o diagnóstico e o tratamento geralmente são desafiadores. O presente manuscrito apresenta os resultados clínicos de um ano de acompanhamento em pacientes com DRT em tratamento padrão (SOC) no subgrupo brasileiro do estudo de Depressão Resistente ao Tratamento na América Latina (TRAL). Métodos: Essa fase longitudinal do estudo TRAL tinha como meta caracterizar alterações nos resultados clínicos e outras variáveis de interesse (p. ex., qualidade de vida, incapacidade) em um ano de acompanhamento em pacientes com DRT em 10 centros no Brasil. Os pacientes incluídos tinham diagnóstico clínico de DRT com base nos critérios DSM-5 e confirmado por MINI. A Escala de Depressão de Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS) era usada para avaliar a gravidade da doença e os resultados clínicos. Outras escalas de depressão e instrumentos classificados pelo paciente eram usadas para medir resultados correlacionados. Resultados: Cento e cinquenta e oito pacientes com DRT, na maioria mulheres (84,4%) com idade média de 48,55 anos, foram incluídos na análise. Apenas 31,4% dos pacientes apresentaram uma resposta clinicamente significativa, 10,3% tiveram recidiva e 26,7% alcançaram remissão, conforme medido pela MADRS no final do estudo (EOS). Aproximadamente 55% dos pacientes apresentavam depressão grave/moderadamente grave no EOS. Problemas de mobilidade, cuidados pessoais, problemas nas atividades usuais e dor e desconforto foram relatados pela maioria dos pacientes no EOS, assim como comprometimento marcado/extremo das atividades no trabalho/escola e da vida social/das atividades de lazer no EOS. Conclusões: Os resultados clínicos alcançados atualmente ainda são notavelmente insatisfatórios para DRT. Portanto, o envolvimento de todas as partes interessadas é essencial para implementar protocolos de tratamento mais eficazes no Brasil.


Objective: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a primary concern in Brazil due to its burdensome and complex nature, while diagnosis and treatment is often challenging. The current manuscript presents the clinical outcomes in a one-year follow-up of TRD patients under Standard-of-care (SOC) in the Brazilian subset of the Treatment-Resistant Depression in America Latina (TRAL) study. Methods: This longitudinal phase of TRAL aimed to characterize changes in the clinical outcomes and other variables of interest (e.g. quality of life, disability) in a one-year follow-up of TRD patients in 10 centers in Brazil. Included patients were clinically diagnosed with TRD based on DSM-5 criteria and confirmed by MINI. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess disease severity and clinical outcomes. Other depression scales and patient rated instruments were used to measure correlated outcomes. Results: One hundred fifty-eight TRD patients, mostly female (84.4%), averaging 48.55 years, were included in the analysis. Only 31.4% of the patients showed a clinically significant response, 10.3% had a relapse and 26.7% achieved remission, as measured through MADRS at end-of-study (EOS). Almost 55% of the patients showed moderately severe/severe depression at EOS. Mobility issues, self-care, problems with usual activities and pain and discomfort were reported by the majority of the patients at EOS, as well as marked/extreme disruption of school/work and social life/leisure activities at EOS. Conclusions: Currently achieved clinical outcomes are still remarkably unsatisfactory for TRD. Therefore, the involvement of all relevant stakeholders is essential to implement more effective treatment protocols in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Multicenter Study , Depressive Disorder, Major , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant , Observational Study
2.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 45: e20220576, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1523034

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Emerging evidence indicates that inflammation plays an important role as a mechanism underlying mental disorders. However, most of the research on inflammatory mechanisms focuses on serum levels of interleukins and very few studies have investigated molecules that initiate and expand innate immune pathways such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Objectives This study investigated the levels of DAMPs among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) I and II, schizophrenia (SCZ), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We quantified serum levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 70 and 60 and of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B). Methods Serum levels of HSP70, HSP60, and S100B were assessed in a sample of participants with psychiatric disorders (n = 191) and a control group (CT) (n = 59) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum HSP70 concentrations were significantly higher in the MDD group compared to the CT, SCZ, and BD groups. The GAD group had higher concentrations of HSP70 than the SCZ group. Exploring associations with medications, lithium (p = 0.003) and clozapine (p = 0.028) were associated with lower HSP70 levels. Approximately 64% of the sample had DAMPs levels below the limits of detection indicated by the respective ELISA kit. Conclusion This was the first study to assess DAMPs levels in a transdiagnostic sample. Our preliminary findings suggest that HSP70 may be associated with MDD pathophysiology. Medications such as lithium and clozapine were associated with lower HSP70 levels in BD and SCZ groups, respectively. Therefore, it is worth mentioning that all participants were medicated and many psychotropic drugs exert an anti-inflammatory effect, possibly reducing the signs of inflammation.

3.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 43(2): 108-115, Apr.-June 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290324

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) face more barriers to engagement in sports and exercise interventions. Evaluating clinical and demographic factors associated with adherence to sports and exercise among MDD outpatients could support development of new options and strategies to increase their participation. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 268 depressed outpatients were evaluated (83.51% females; mean age = 50.74 [standard deviation {SD} = 10.39]). Sports and exercise participation were assessed using a question about participation frequency during the previous month. Clinical and demographic factors were evaluated. Linear regression was used to identify predictors of participation in sports and exercise. Results MDD patients with mild symptoms of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.00, 5.88; p = 0.04) and patients with mild to moderate symptoms (OR = 3.96; 95%CI 1.41, 11.15; p = 0.009) were more likely to engage regularly in sports and exercise than patients with more severe depression. Moreover, smoking (OR = 0.23; 95%CI 0.67, 0.80; p = 0.007) and being divorced (OR = 0.22; 95%CI 0.57, 0.86; p = 0.03) were associated with lower rates of engagement in sports and exercise. Conclusion Our findings indicate a significant association between clinical and demographic factors and participation in sports and exercise among MDD outpatients.

4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1353205

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: A epidemiologia da depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT) varia mundialmente, mas é incerta na América Latina. Este artigo relata a epidemiologia e o ônus da DRT em pacientes com transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) no Brasil, no estudo observacional multinacional, multicêntrico, de DRT na América Latina (TRAL). Métodos: Trezentos e noventa e seis pacientes adultos com TDM (tratados ou não) no Brasil, com diagnóstico de TDM usando o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) e confirmado por MINI Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional v7.0.2, foram incluídos em 10 centros. Os pacientes forneceram consentimento e concluíram as avaliações. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram pacientes com psicose, esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, transtorno esquizoafetivo, demência, transtorno de uso de substância ou participação atual em outro estudo. A MADRS foi usada para gravidade da doença. Escalas de depressão e instrumentos classificados pelos pacientes foram usados para medir os resultados. Resultados: A prevalência de DRT em pacientes com TDM na América Latina corresponde a 29,1% (IC 95% [26,8%; 31,4%]), embora no Brasil corresponda a 40,4% (IC 95%: 35,6%-45,2%), a mais alta no estudo TRAL. Os pacientes com DRT são mais velhos e apresentam maior proporção de divórcios e menor nível educacional, com pontuação mais alta na Escala de Classificação da Depressão de Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS), comparados a pacientes sem DRT. Os custos de saúde foram maiores em pacientes com DRT, com menor qualidade de vida e maiores custos de saúde e comprometimento laboral. Conclusões: Estes achados confirmam que a DRT apresenta alta prevalência no Brasil, consistentemente com estudos anteriores sobre transtornos depressivos. Globalmente, os pacientes com DRT apresentam maior ônus da doença, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorar os cuidados para pacientes com DRT no Brasil


Objectives: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) epidemiology varies worldwide, but uncertain in Latin America (LatAm). This paper reports on the epidemiology and burden of TRD in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients in Brazil from the TRD in America Latina (TRAL) multicenter, multinational, observational study. Methods: 396 adult patients (treated or untreated) with MDD diagnosis in Brazil using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and confirmed by MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview v7.0.2 were consecutively enrolled from 10 clinical sites in Brazil. Patients provided consent and complete assessments. Exclusion criteria included patients with psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, dementia, with substance use disorder or currently participating in another clinical trial. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used for disease severity. Depression scales and patient rated instruments were used to measure outcomes. Results: The prevalence of TRD in MDD patients in LatAm is 29.1% (95%CI [26.8%; 31.4%]), though the values for Brazil are 40.4% (95%CI: 35.6%-45.2%), the highest in the TRAL study. TRD patients are older, have higher proportion of divorce and lower education, with higher MADRS score compared to non-TRD patients. Healthcare costs were higher in TRD patients, with lower quality of life (QoL) and higher work impairment and healthcare costs. Conclusions: Present findings confirms that TRD is highly prevalent in Brazil, which is consistent with previous studies concerning depressive disorders. Globally, TRD patients experience higher burden of the disease. These findings suggest the need to improve care among TRD patients in Brazil


Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant , Observational Study
5.
Rev. Bras. Psicoter. (Online) ; 23(3): 105-119, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1354761

ABSTRACT

Com a alta disseminação do novo coronavírus, foi necessário adotar intervenções de saúde pública com foco no distanciamento social para diminuir a transmissão do patógeno causador, o SARS-Cov-2. Contudo, essas medidas podem contribuir para o aumento do sofrimento emocional, gerando níveis mais elevados de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 na saúde mental de estudantes brasileiros através de uma pesquisa levantamento de dados on-line. A pesquisa foi realizada durante o período da primeira onda da pandemia no Brasil. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde mental, incluindo sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, e qualidade de vida em uma amostra final de 810 estudantes. Os sintomas psiquiátricos mais prevalentes foram ansiedade (89,5%), depressão (77,9%) e raiva (72,3%). Tempo de distanciamento social, idade e diagnóstico prévio de doenças psiquiátricas foram significativamente associados à maior gravidade dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. O alto grau de sofrimento emocional apresentado por essa amostra indica a necessidade de adotar estratégias que visem promover a saúde mental de estudantes, e proporcionar acompanhamento psicológico de alunos durante e após esse período crítico de isolamento social.(AU)


With the high spread of the new coronavirus, it was necessary to adopt public health interventions focused on social distancing to reduce the transmission of the causative pathogen, SARS-Cov-2. However, these measures can contribute to increased emotional distress, generating higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of Brazilian students through an online data collection survey. The survey was carried out during the period of the first wave of the pandemic in Brazil. Sociodemographic, mental health (e.g., symptoms of depression and anxiety), and quality of life variables were evaluated in a final sample of 810 students. The most prevalent psychiatric symptoms were anxiety (89.5%), depression (77.9%) and anger (72.3%). Time of social distancing, age and previous diagnosis of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with greater severity of anxiety and depression symptoms. The high degree of emotional distress presented by this sample indicates the need to adopt strategies aimed at promoting the mental health of students and providing psychological support for students during and after this critical period of social isolation.(AU)


Con la alta propagación del nuevo coronavirus, fue necesario adoptar intervenciones de salud pública enfocadas en el distanciamiento social para reducir la transmisión del patógeno causante, SARS-Cov-2. Sin embargo, estas medidas pueden contribuir a aumentar la angustia emocional, generando mayores niveles de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de la pandemia Covid-19 en la salud mental de los estudiantes brasileños a través de una encuesta de recolección de datos en línea. La encuesta se llevó a cabo durante el período de la primera ola de la pandemia en Brasil. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, de salud mental, incluyendo síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y calidad de vida en una muestra final de 810 estudiantes. Los síntomas psiquiátricos más prevalentes fueron ansiedad (89,5%), depresión (77,9%) e ira (72,3%). El tiempo de distanciamiento social, la edad y el diagnóstico previo de enfermedad psiquiátrica se asociaron significativamente con una mayor gravedad de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. El alto grado de angustia emocional que presenta esta muestra indica la necesidad de adoptar estrategias dirigidas a promover la salud mental de los estudiantes y brindar apoyo psicológico a los estudiantes durante y después de este período crítico de aislamiento social.(AU)


Subject(s)
Students , Women , Mental Health , Psychological Distress , COVID-19
6.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(3): 247-255, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139834

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Depression is possibly not a single syndrome but rather comprises several subtypes. DSM-5 proposes a melancholia specifier with phenotypic characteristics that could be associated with clinical progression, biological markers or therapeutic response. The Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI) is a prototypic scale aimed to improve the diagnosis of melancholia. So far, there is only an English version of the instrument available. The aim of this study is to describe the translation and adaptation of the English version of the SMPI into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the self-report (SMPI-SR) and clinician-rated (SMPI-CR) versions into Brazilian Portuguese were done following recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). This guideline includes the following steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, back translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, debriefing results review, proofreading and final report. Results The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the SMPI were well-accepted by respondents. Changes in about two-thirds of the items were considered necessary to obtain the final Brazilian Portuguese version of the SMPI. Conclusions Both versions of the SMPI are now available in Brazilian Portuguese. The instrument could become an important option to enhance studies on melancholia in Portuguese-speaking samples.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Translating , Brazil , Self Report
7.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 38(4): 185-189, Oct.-Dec. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846390

ABSTRACT

Abstract Psychiatric disorders place considerable burden on individuals and on public health. Funding for research in psychiatry is less than ideal, but even so high quality research is being conducted at many centers. However, these studies have not impacted clinical practice as much as expected. The complexity of psychiatric disorders is one of the reasons why we face difficulties in translating research results to patient care. New technologies and improved methodologies are now available and must be incorporated to deal with this complexity and to accelerate the translational process. I discuss the application of modern techniques for data acquisition and analysis and also the new possibilities for performing trials in virtual models of biological systems. Adoption of new technologies is necessary, but will not reduce the importance of some of the fundamentals of all psychiatry research, such as the developmental and translational perspectives. Psychiatrists wishing to integrate these novelties into their research will need to work with contributors with whom they are unaccustomed to working, such as computer experts, a multidisciplinary team, and stakeholders such as patients and caregivers. This process will allow us to further understand and alleviate the suffering and impairment of people with psychiatric disorders.


Resumo Os transtornos psiquiátricos são responsáveis por uma significativa carga de doença tanto no nível individual quanto na saúde pública. Mesmo com financiamento abaixo do ideal, muitas pesquisas de alta qualidade vêm sendo executadas em vários centros. Entretanto, o impacto desses estudos na prática clínica é menor que o esperado. A complexidade dos transtornos psiquiátricos é uma das razões pelas quais enfrentamos tanta dificuldade na translação dos resultados das pesquisas para a prática clínica. Novas tecnologias e metodologias aperfeiçoadas já estão disponíveis e devem ser incorporadas para lidar com esta complexidade e acelerar o processo translacional. Discuto, neste artigo, a aplicação de técnicas modernas para a coleta e análise de dados e as novas possibilidades para a realização de testes em modelos virtuais dos sistemas biológicos. A adoção das novas tecnologias é necessária, mas não reduzirá a importância de fundamentos da pesquisa em psiquiatria, como as perspectivas desenvolvimental e translacional. Os psiquiatras que desejarem integrar essas novas tecnologias à suas pesquisas terão que trabalhar com colaboradores com os quais não estão acostumados, como especialistas em informática, equipes multidisciplinares e representantes de partes interessadas nos resultados, como pacientes e provedores de cuidados assistenciais. Esse processo permitirá um avanço no conhecimento e no alívio do sofrimento e da incapacidade das pessoas com transtornos psiquiátricos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychiatry/trends , Translational Research, Biomedical/trends , Psychiatry/methods , Research Design , Translational Research, Biomedical/methods
8.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 36(4): 214-218, Oct-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-832954

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The Temperament & Personality Questionnaire (T&P) is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate personality styles overrepresented in patients with depression. This report briefly describes the translation and adaptation of the T&P into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The procedures, which included 10 steps, followed guidelines for the adaptation of self-report instruments defined by the International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Results: The author of the original T&P questionnaire authorized and participated in the translation conducted by the authors and independent native speakers. Evaluation of the translated questionnaire indicated that only minor adjustments were required in the Portuguese version. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of T&P, translated and adapted following a rigid standardized process, is available for use free of charge and may be especially useful in pursuing links between personality styles and depressive conditions (AU)


Introdução: O Temperament & Personality Questionnaire (T&P) é um instrumento de autorrelato criado para avaliar quais estilos de personalidade têm maior representação em pacientes com depressão. Este trabalho descreve brevemente o processo de tradução e adaptação do T&P para o português brasileiro. Métodos: A tradução e a adaptação cultural se desenvolveram em 10 passos e seguiram as diretrizes para adaptação de instrumentos de autorrelato definidas por força-tarefa do ISPOR (International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research). Resultados: O autor do questionário T&P original autorizou e participou da tradução feita pelos autores e por falantes nativos independentes. A avaliação do questionário traduzido mostrou que apenas pequenos ajustes foram necessários na versão em português. Conclusões: A versão brasileira do questionário T&P, traduzido e adaptado seguindo um rígido processo padronizado, está disponível gratuitamente e pode ser de grande utilidade na pesquisa sobre as relações entre estilos de personalidade e quadros depressivos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Personality Tests/statistics & numerical data , Personality/classification , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Temperament , Translating , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/classification , Personality Disorders/psychology , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Practice Guidelines as Topic
9.
Rev. bras. psicoter ; 9(2): 191-197, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508755

ABSTRACT

A terapia interpessoal (TIP) é um método de tratamento desenvolvido para o tratamento de episódios depressivos unipolares. Para esta finalidade, é uma modalidade de tratamento com eficácia comprovada em diversos estudos. Sua técnica concentra-se na abordagem de problemas interpessoais atuais, sem ignorar a importância de questões intrapsíquicas, experiências passadase fatores biológicos. Trata-se de uma terapia de curta duração, de doze a dezesseis semanas, cujo objetivo é o alívio de sintomas do humor sem a ambição de alterar aspectos da personalidade. Em função dos bons resultados obtidos pela TIP em pacientes deprimidos, adaptações da técnica original foram desenvolvidas para o tratamento de outras patologias, para as quais ainda não há evidências suficientes da eficácia do tratamento. Este artigo discute a técnica e indicações da TIP e seu potencial para o tratamento de uma paciente com múltiplas comorbidades psiquiátricas.


Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a treatment modality developed to treat unipolar major depressive episodes. A large number of studies confirm its efficacy. Its technique focuses on current interpersonal problems and considers the intra-psychic matters, past experiences and biological factors. It consists of a brief therapy, 12 to 16 weeks long, aiming at the relief of the mood symptoms without promoting any change in the personality aspects. Due tothe positive IPT results on depressive patients, there have been adaptations from its original technique to the treatment of other pathologies. Up to now, little evidence has supported these new uses of IPT. This paper discusses the IPT technique and its indications. Finally, it discusses the potential use of this therapy in the treatment of a patient whit multiple psychiatric comorbidities.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder , Borderline Personality Disorder , Psychotherapy
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