ABSTRACT
O presente estudo determinou a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em ovinos do Município de Monte Negro, RO. Foram examinados soros de 141 ovinos de raça, idade e sexo variados provenientes de 15 fazendas, pela técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica. Doze (80,0%) propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente. Títulos de anticorpos iguais ou superiores a 100 foram detectados em 47 (33,3%) animais, e os sorovares mais frequentes foram Patoc (29,7%), Autumnalis (14,8%), Pyrogenes (10,6%), Australis (4,2%), Bratislava (4,2%), Hardjo (4,2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (4,2%), Castellonis (2,1%) e Hebdomadis (2,1%). Em 11 (23,4%) soros não foi possível a determinação do provável sorovar envolvido na reação. Alerta-se também para a possibilidade de infecção no homem, tendo em vista as características regionais de fronteira agrícola amazônica.
The present study determined the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp.antibodies in 141 ovines from 15 farms of the Monte Negro Municipality, Rondonia State, Brazil, by the microscopic agglutination test. Twelve (80.0%) farms presented at least 1 reactive animal. Antibodies titers of ? 100 were detected in 47 (33.3%) animals, the most frequent serovars being Patoc (29.7%), Autumnalis (14.8%), Pyrogenes (10.6%), Australis (4.2%), Bratislava (4.2%), Hardjo (4.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (4.2%), Castellonis (2.1%) and Hebdomadis (2.1%). In 11 (23.4%) sera it was not possible to determine the most frequent serovar involved. The results raise a warning as to the possibility of infection in the human being by Leptospira in light of the regional characteristics of the Amazon agricultural frontier.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/immunology , Leptospirosis/blood , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Hemagglutination Tests/veterinary , Amazonian EcosystemABSTRACT
Foram testados, pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica aplicada à leptospirose, 329 cães provenientes do município de Monte Negro, RO, dos quais 156 eram da área urbana e 173 da área rural. Simultaneamente foi aplicado questionário para verificar a existência de possíveis fatores de risco pela regressão logística. Abordaram-se questões referentes a idade, sexo, dieta, tipo de criação, ambiente, contato com outras espécies e hábito de caça. Foram detectadas reações com títulos >100 em 27,3 por cento, com 90 cães positivos ao agente, das quais 23,7 por cento eram da área (37/156) urbana e 30,6 por cento (53/173), da área rural (P>0,05). Os sorovares predominantes, reatores com títulos mais elevados, foram Autumnalis (22 por cento), Pyrogenes (12 por cento), Canicola (10 por cento) e Shermani (7,5 por cento). Cães com idade acima de 12 meses apresentaram maior ocorrência de anticorpos quando comparados aos cães mais jovens (P<0,05). Dentre os fatores de risco analisados, foram significativos a alimentação (dieta à base de ração comercial - odds ratio: 3,3; intervalo de confiança: 95 por cento: 1,2 - 9,2; P=0,02) e o sexo (macho - odds ratio: 2,3; intervalo de confiança: 95 por cento: 1,3 - 3,9; P=0,003). Ressalta-se a ocorrência de reações para sorovares mantidos na natureza por animais silvestres.
The microscopic agglutination test was applied to 329 samples taken from 156 dogs from urban area and 173 from rural areas of Monte Negro County, Rondônia State, Brazil, to determine anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. A survey was concomitantly done to detect eventual risk factors thru the use of logistic regression. Studied variables were age, sex, diet, management, environment, contact with other species and hunting habit. Titers >100 were detected in 27.3 percent (90/329) of the dogs, being 23.7 percent (37/156) urban and 30.6 percent (53/173) rural dogs. The most frequent serovars were Autumnalis (22.0 percent), Pyrogenes (12.0 percent), Canicola (10.0 percent) and Shermani (7.5 percent). Dogs older than 12 months showed higher positive frequencies than younger animals (P<0.05). Risk factor were associated with commercial food as compared to homemade food (odds ratio: 3.3; 95 percent confidence interval : 1.3 - 3.9; P=0.02) and associated with sex, with higher occurrence in males than in females (odds ratio: 2.3; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.3 - 3.9; P=0.003). It was emphasized the serological occurrence of serovars kept and spread in nature by wild animals.
Subject(s)
Dogs , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is undermining malaria control efforts worldwide. In Brazil, mefloquine (MQ) at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight is used to treat P. falciparum. At this dose, MQ resistance developed rapidly in Thailand. Use of a higher MQ dose may retard the development of resistance. We treated 50 patients aged one to 67 years who had acute, uncomplicated P falciparum malaria using MQ 25 mg/kg. There were no serious adverse events. Two patients complained of dizziness and insomnia. Assessing evaluable patients, the day 42 cure rate was 40/42 [95.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval 83.8 to 99.4 percent)]. Mefloquine was efficacious and well tolerated in this small cohort from the state of Rôndonia.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Antimalarials/administration & dosage , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Mefloquine/administration & dosage , Acute Disease , Antimalarials/adverse effects , Mefloquine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Some demographic and epidemiological patterns of the rural population of Monte Negro, locality situated in the State of Rondônia (Brazil), Western Amazonia, are described based on a sample of 924 randomly selected individuals, approximately 10 percent of the whole population. The main features of this sample are (1) the illiteracy rates in the parental generation were 23 percent for fathers and 20 percent for mothers. Among children, this figure dropped to 6 percent; (2) housing in Monte Negro is characterized by being constructed with wood (92 percent), and also a floor (75 percent). Nevertheless, only 32 percent of these houses had electric energy; (3) the mean ages for the parental generation were 41.9 for males and 36.3 for females. These values for the offspring generation were 12.2 and 10.5, respectively; (4) the sex-ratio of the offspring generation was 1.32;(5) the bioassay of kinship was estimated as .033 for this long range migrant population; (6) the prevalence of some macrophage dependent infectious disease was conspicuously high; (7) the reported number of malarial episodes among males and females was statistically different, suggesting that malaria may be, in part, a "professional" disease; (8) the prevalence of serum-positive reactions against B-hepatitis is distressing. It has a strong age dependence and reaches 74 percent among adult males. Conversely, signs of active infection (AgHbs) rises to 16 percent among children