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1.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 18(2): 184-191, Apr-Jun/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-711674

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a highly prevalent disease and commonly encountered in the otolaryngologist's office. Objective: To review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of LPR. Data Synthesis LPR is associated with symptoms of laryngeal irritation such as throat clearing, coughing, and hoarseness. The main diagnostic methods currently used are laryngoscopy and pH monitoring. The most common laryngoscopic signs are redness and swelling of the throat. However, these findings are not specific of LPR and may be related to other causes or can even be found in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the role of pH monitoring in the diagnosis of LPR is controversial. A therapeutic trial with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been suggested to be cost-effective and useful for the diagnosis of LPR. However, the recommendations of PPI therapy for patients with a suspicion of LPR are based on the results of uncontrolled studies, and high placebo response rates suggest a much more complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of LPR than simple acid reflux. Molecular studies have tried to identify biomarkers of reflux such as interleukins, carbonic anhydrase, E-cadherin, and mucin. Conclusion: Laryngoscopy and pH monitoring have failed as reliable tests for the diagnosis of LPR. Empirical therapy with PPIs is widely accepted as a diagnostic test and for the treatment of LPR. However, further research is needed to develop a definitive diagnostic test for LPR...


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Pharmacological , Esophageal pH Monitoring , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux , Laryngoscopy , Diagnosis , Epidemiology , Therapeutics
2.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(6): 926-932, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503638

ABSTRACT

Os corticosteróides são potentes inibidores da inflamação e da cicatrização. Administração local de esteróides diretamente na laringe tem sido relatada em diversas patologias laríngeas. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de infiltração de corticosteróide em pregas vocais, em pacientes com patologias vocais benignas, inflamatórias e crônicas de laringe. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica na base de dados Medline, selecionando-se estudos clínicos que utilizavam corticosteróides em patologias benignas da laringe. RESULTADOS: Os corticosteróides são indicados nas seguintes situações: 1) doenças inflamatórias agudas, principalmente naquelas relacionadas a edema que comprometa a via aérea; 2) doenças auto-imunes com alterações laríngeas; 3) estenose laríngea; 4) em lesões benignas inflamatórias das pregas vocais, como nódulos, pólipos e edema de Reinke, para diminuir o processo inflamatório pré-cirúrgico ou na tentativa de se evitar uma intervenção cirúrgica; 5) em fonocirurgia, com o objetivo de reduzir a formação de cicatriz. Seu uso pode ser profilático, visando à prevenção da formação de cicatriz ou terapêutico em uma cicatriz já formada. CONCLUSÃO: Os corticosteróides podem ser considerados uma opção terapêutica importante no manejo de várias patologias, principalmente aquelas de origem inflamatória que causam alterações vocais.


Steroids are potent inhibitors of inflammation and wound repair. Local administration of steroids directly into the larynx has been reported in many laryngeal diseases. AIM: The purpose of this study is to review related literature about the use of steroid injection in patients with benign, inflammatory and chronic vocal disease. METHODOLOGY: We performed an electronic survey in Medline database and selected clinical trials regarding steroid use in benign laryngeal diseases. RESULTS: Steroids are indicated in these situations: 1) acute inflammatory diseases, mainly when edema compromises the airways; 2) auto- immune disease with laryngeal involvement; 3) laryngeal stenosis; 4) benign lesions of the vocal folds, e.g., nodules, polyps and Reinke's edema, to reduce the inflammatory reactions before phonosurgery or in an attempt to avoid surgery; 5) In phonosurgery, aiming to reduce scarring. In this case, it could be used as a preventive measure in vocal fold scarring, or for scar treatment. CONCLUSION: Steroids may be considered an important therapeutic option in the management of many diseases, specially the inflammatory ones, associated with vocal changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Injections, Intralesional
3.
Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul ; 20(3): 61-8, set.-dez. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-257174

ABSTRACT

A bulimia nervosa tem sido tratada com antidepressivos, tais como os inibidores da recaptação da serotonina seletivos, tricíciclos e inibidores da monoaminoxidade irreversíveis e reversíveis. A fluoxetina e afluvoxamina, inibidores seletivos da recapatação da serotonina tem-se mostrado efetivos no tratamento da bulimia, diminuindo a compulsão de comer, com a vantagem adicional de diminuição do peso...


Subject(s)
Humans , Bulimia/drug therapy , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacokinetics
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