ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the correlation among socio-behavioral factors, caries status and caries risk, calculated through Cariogram, in an adult population. Four hundred eighty subjects (mean age 40.73, SE ± 0.33) randomly selected from the municipal electoral registry consented to participate in the survey. Subjects were examined, and the International Caries Detection Assessment System (ICDAS) index was registered. A highly structured questionnaire was submitted to investigate (1) personal data (i.e., age, gender, educational level, job categorization), (2) life-style behavior (i.e., smoking and dietary habits), and (3) oral health behavior (i.e., tooth brushing, use of fluoride and dental check-up frequency). An evaluation of the mutans streptococci concentration in saliva was also performed. Information on caries-related factors was entered into the Cariogram in order to generate an individual caries risk profile for each subject. Multinomial logistic regression was performed using Cariogram levels as the dependent variable. The possible correlated variables were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA). Considering ICDAS scores, 5.62% of the sample had at least an initial decay (ICDAS = 1-2), whereas 40.83% of the sample presented at least one moderate decay (ICDAS = 3-4) and 17.08% a severe decay (ICDAS = 5-6). Decay at ICDAS levels 5-6 and more than 5 missing teeth were statistically associated with Cariogram scores (OR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.83–3.03 and OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.13–1.82, respectively). The results suggest that the Cariogram model was able to identify caries-related factors in an adult population. A direct association among the risk categories from Cariogram, the caries status and some socio-behavioral variables was verified.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Dental Caries/etiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Italy/epidemiology , Risk-Taking , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Streptococcus mutans , Saliva/microbiologyABSTRACT
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux may have extra-esophageal manifestations. We report a 46 years old ex-smoker woman presenting with a sensation of burning mouth, xerostomia and glossitis. The patient had a history of heartburn, dysphonia and cough. Mouth examination showed a bad hygiene and abundant accumulation of plaque. Esophageal pH measurement was abnormal. Laryngoscopy showed a posterior laryngeal inflammation and mucous secretion. With these data, a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux was reached.
Los pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico pueden tener manifestaciones extra esofágicas. Presentamos una mujer ex fumadora de 46 años que se presentó con sensación de quemazón en la boca, xerostomia y glositis. La paciente tenía además una historia de pirosis retroesternal, disfonía y tos. El examen bucal mostró una mala higiene bucal con abundante acumulación de sarro. Una medición de pH esofágico fue anormal. La laringoscopia mostró una inflamación laríngea posterior y secreción mucosa. Con estos antecedentes se llegó al diagnóstico de reflujo gastroesofágico.