Intraorbital Encephalocele Presenting with Exophthalmos and Orbital Dystopia : CT and MRI Findings

A 15-year-old female patient with progressive pulsatile exophthalmos caused by intraorbital encephalocele was evaluated with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our clinic. She had no history of trauma or reconstructive surgery. When she was a little girl, she had undergone surgery for congenital glaucoma on the right eye. On the three-dimensional image of CT, a hypoplasic bone defect was observed in the greater wing of the right sphenoid bone. MRI and CT scan showed herniation through this defect of the arachnoid membrane and protruded cerebral tissue into the right orbita. Intraorbital encephalocele is an important entity that can cause pulsatile exophthalmos and blindness.

Thoracic Extraosseous Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma

Cavernous hemangiomas were first reported in 1929 by Globus and Doshay, and are defined as benign vascular structures developed between the neural tissues occurring in the central nervous system, consisting of a dilated vascular bed. Cavernous hemangiomas comprise nearly 5-12% of all spinal vascular malformations; however, existence in the epidural space without bone involvement is rare. Only 4% of all cavernous hemangiomas (0.22/1.000.000) are purely epidural cavernous hemangiomas. In this case report, we removed a hemorrhagic thoracic mass presenting with progressive neurological deficits in a 55-year-old male patient. We found this case to be appropriate for presentation due to the rare occurrence of this type of cavernous hemangioma.

A Tethered Cord with Hemivertebra: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Spinal dysraphisms are defined as open and closed dysraphisms. A hemivertebra is a congenital condition seen in 61% of patients with congenital anomalies. The first report of the excision of a hemivertebra was by Royle in 1928. A sixteen-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic with a congenital stain on the waist and a normal neurological examination. No new cases have been reported in recent literature. Our case, which is also rare, is associated with a tethered cord only and no other congenital abnormalities.

Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of the Spine: Two Case Reports

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare entities which causes expansile and destructive bone lesions characterized by reactive proliferation of connective tissue. They usually grow rapidly with hypervascularity. In clinical practice they can be easily misdiagnosed due to the rare occurance and having no such typical findings as radiologically. Most cases have uncommon pain symptoms, but rarely, if fractures occur, neurological findings can be seen and the surgical treatment, if needed, could be difficult. We will discuss our evaluations to two cases that we experienced in our clinic in this report.