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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 28(3): 190-194, mar. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-447897

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar a possibilidade do diagnóstico precoce do sexo fetal no plasma materno pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) a partir da 5ª semana de gestação. MÉTODOS: nesse estudo prospectivo foi coletado sangue periférico de gestantes com feto único a partir da 5ª semana de gestação. Após centrifugação do sangue, 0,4 mL de plasma foi separado para extração de DNA fetal. O DNA foi analisado em duplicata por PCR em tempo real para duas regiões genômicas (uma do cromossomo Y e outra comum a ambos os sexos) pelo método de TaqMan®, o qual utiliza um par de primers e uma sonda fluorescente. Foram excluídos da amostragem os casos que evoluíram para aborto. Para o cálculo da sensibilidade e especificidade, usamos o método de comparação com padrão-ouro, que foi o sexo ao nascimento. RESULTADOS: foram realizados 79 exames de DNA fetal no plasma materno de 52 gestantes. O resultado dos exames foi comparado com o sexo da criança após o parto. O índice de acerto conforme a idade gestacional foi de 92,6 por cento (25 de 27 casos) na 5ª semana, conferindo sensibilidade de 87 por cento e 95,6 por cento (22 de 23 casos) na 6ª semana, com sensibilidade de 92 por cento. A partir da 7ª semana de gestação o acerto foi em 100 por cento (29 de 29 casos). A especificidade foi de 100 por cento independente da idade gestacional. CONCLUSÕES: a técnica de PCR em tempo real para detecção do sexo fetal a partir da 5ª semana no plasma materno possui boa sensibilidade e excelente especificidade. Houve concordância do resultado em 100 por cento dos casos em que o diagnóstico foi masculino, independente da idade gestacional, e no caso de feminino, a partir da 7ª semana de gestação.


PURPOSE: to verify the viability of early diagnosis of fetal gender in maternal plasma by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) starting at the 5th week of pregnancy. METHODS: peripheral blood was collected from pregnant women with single fetus starting at the 5th week of gestation. After centrifugation, 0.4 mL plasma was separated for fetal DNA extraction. The DNA was analyzed in duplicate by real-time PCR for two genomic regions, one of the Y chromosome and the other common to both sexes, through the TaqMan® method, which uses a pair of primers and a fluorescent probe. Patients who aborted were excluded. RESULTS: a total of 79 determinations of fetal DNA in maternal plasma were performed in 52 pregnant women. The results of the determinations were compared to fetal gender after delivery. Accuracy according to gestational age was 92.6 percent (25 of 27 cases) at 5 weeks with 87 percent sensitivity, and 95.6 percent (22 of 23 cases) at 6 weeks with 92 percent sensitivity. Starting at the 7th week of pregnancy, accuracy was 100 percent (29 of 29 cases). Specificity was 100 percent regardless of gestational age. CONCLUSION: real-time PCR for the detection of fetal gender in maternal plasma starting at the 5th week of gestation has good sensitivity and excellent specificity. There was agreement of the results in 100 percent of the cases in which male gender was diagnosed, regardless of gestational age, and from the 7th week of gestation for female gender diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Gestational Age , Prenatal Diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sex Determination Analysis
2.
Genet. mol. biol ; 26(2): 115-119, Jun. 2003. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-345959

ABSTRACT

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases caused by expansions of a CAG trinucleotide repeat in the SCA1 and MJD genes. These expanded sequences are unstable upon transmission, leading to an intergeneration increase in the number of repeats (dynamic mutation). The transmission of the CAG repeat was studied in normal mother-father-child trios, referred for paternity testing (SCA1, n = 367; MJD, n = 879). No segregation distortion was detected. The CAG allele frequencies were determined in 330 unrelated individuals (fathers from couples tested for paternity). The allele frequency distributions did not differ from those previously reported for European populations. The estimated values for the statistic parameters indicating diversity at the SCA1 locus did not differ much from those reported previously for other STRs in the Brazilian population, while those for the MJD locus were close to or higher than the maximum values of previous reports. This shows that SCA1 and MJD are highly informative loci for applications in genetic and population studies and for forensic analysis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gene Frequency , Machado-Joseph Disease , Spinocerebellar Ataxias , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Polymerase Chain Reaction
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