ABSTRACT
Objective To provide theoretical reference and practical basis for accurately choosing the suitable packaging forms for different Injections. Methods Based on the raw materials in the common packaging forms of injections, the research and application progress on different packaging forms for injections were reviewed by analyzing the characteristics and technical requirements of different packaging forms, and the current registration information of pharmaceutical packaging materials in the Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA were introduced. Results For preparations with small single-dose and low-cost, the ampoules or injection vials could be chosen. Powder injections are usually packaged in injection vials. For rescue medicines and valuable medicines, the pre-filled syringes could be chosen. For chronic disease treatment drugs (such as insulin) that require long-term injection, or some injections for emergency use, a pen-type syringe package that patients can inject themselves could be used. Neutral glass packaging or plastic packaging should be used for some acidic or alkaline. Conclusion The drug manufacturers should comprehensively consider the physicochemical properties of drugs, the performance of packaging raw materials, compatibility test results, price-cost, and convenience in carrying and use when choosing the appropriate packaging form to ensure the quality, safety, and effectivity of drugs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To construct the evaluation index system for the effects of rational drug use policy in the military hos-pital. METHODS:Based on methods like literature analysis,expert consultation,modified Delphi method,analytic hierarchy pro-cess(AHP),the evaluation index system was constructed and the weight of indicators was calculated. The feasibility of the index system was verified by experimental evaluation. Through comparing drug use level between military patients and local insurance for medical care,the effects of rational drug use policy were evaluated in military hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The index system includes 3 first-level indexes as rationality,accessibility,economics,10 second-level indexes and 20 third-level indexes. The results of the experimental evaluation in 176 military hospitals show that the economic indexes scoring rate is lower than the reasonable indexes and the availability indexes,and the difference value are 3.12%and 4.06%;the first-level indexes average scor-ing rate of divisional hospital is higher than that of regimental hospital,and the difference value is 21.6%. The index system solves the problems of false data,incomplete evaluation,inadequate check,improves informatization level of evaluation,and realizes long-term dynamic monitoring and remote evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess differences between the medicine treatment level of military inpatients in military hospi-tal in 2009 and 2011 ,provide references for reasonable adjustments of health policy in future .Methods Medicine treatment da-ta from acute simple appendicitis ,coronary heart disease ,chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes from 16 military hospitals were excavated and analyzed by statistical methods to provide a comparative study of the medicine treatment level in 2009 and 2011 . Results 3748 cases from 16 hospitals showed the significant difference in the level of the medicine treatment in 2009 and 2011 , such as medicine cost ,medicine varieties ,primary medicine costs ,hospital daily medication cost ,and the date in 2011 is higher than 2009 .Conclusion It was showed that the medicine treatment level in four common multiple diseases in the military in 2009 and 2011 was changed .A long-term stability mechanism should be established for the evaluation of military medicine sup-port level ,which could provide strong evidence for future medicine policy adjustment .