Expression and significance of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in patients with pterygium / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of stromal cell-derived factor(SDF-1)and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)in patients with pterygium of different ages.<p>METHODS: From January 2018 to October 2018, surgical specimens of 60 patients with primary pterygium and 60 eyes(including 30 eyes younger than 50 years old and 30 eyes older than 50 years old)were collected from the No.474 Hospital of Chinese PLA, at the same time collect age matched strabismus diorthosis and normal conjunctiva tissues of 30 patients with retinal detachment repairs(including 15 eyes younger than 50 years, older than 50 years of age 15 eyes).The expression and localization of SDF-1/CXCR4 in pterygium tissue specimens were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between the expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 and the clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed. The mean optical density of SDF-1 /CXCR4 was measured by IPP 6.0 software.<p>RESULTS: SDF-1/CXCR4 showed slightly positive or no positive expression in normal conjunctival basal cells, but positive expression in both full-layer conjunctival epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells in pterygium, with significant difference in expression level, and more obvious expression in basal cells, showing obvious polarity. The expression levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in pterygium tissues were higher than those in normal conjunctival tissues, and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The expression of CXCR4 in patients younger than 50 years old was greater than that in patients older than 50 years old, and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression is up-regulated in pterygium, suggesting that SDF-1 and CXCR4 participates in the formation of pterygium and inhibits the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway, which may inhibit the occurrence of pterygium, and may also become a drug therapeutic target for pterygium, and become a new research direction. The higher expression of CXCR4 in young pterygium patients suggests that individualized drug administration may be realized in the future to reduce the waste of medical resources.

Clinical efficacy of limbal-conjunctival autograft transplant for double-head pterygium / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of limbal-conjunctival autograft transplant(LCAT)for double-head pterygium.<p>METHODS: Prospective case study. Totally 46 patients(54 eyes)diagnosed with double-head pterygium collected in PLA 474 Hospital from January 2014 to July 2015, including 8 patients(16 eyes)with binocular double-head pterygium, 11 patients(11 eyes)with monocular double-head pterygium and the other eye with nasal side pterygium, pterygiun eyes only included as study subject, and 27 patients(27 eyes)with monocular double-head pterygium. The eyes with double-head pterygium underwent pterygium resection and autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation, nasal conjunctival flap was gotten from the superior bulbar conjunctiva of affected eye, and temporal conjunctival flap was gotten from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of other eye. Follow-up the patients on 1d, 7d, 1mo and 1a after operation to complete the vision and slit lamps to observe the complications and pterygium recurrence.<p>RESULTS: Forty-four patients(52 eyes)completed the follow-up of 1a, while 2 patients(2 eyes)were lost. Three patients(3 eyes)developed recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 6%. Two eyes with nasal side pterygium developed recurrence and 1 eye with temporal side pterygium developed recurrence, while there was no complication observed.<p>CONCLUSION: Nasal conjunctival flap was gotten from the superior bulbar conjunctiva of affected eye, and temporal conjunctival flap was gotten from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of other eye for double-head pterygium had good clinical effect and low recurrence rate, which provide a better way to treat double-head pterygium.

Combinatorial mutation on the -glycosidase specific to 7--xylosyltaxanes and increasing the mutated enzyme production by engineering the recombinant yeast

Taxol is a "blockbuster" antitumor drug produced by species with extremely low amount, while its analogue 7--xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol is generally much higher in the plants. Both the fungal enzymes LXYL-P1-1 and LXYL-P1-2 can convert 7--xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol into 10-deacetyltaxol for Taxol semi-synthesis. Of them, LXYL-P1-2 is twice more active than LXYL-P1-1, but there are only 11 significantly different amino acids in terms of the polarity and acidic-basic properties between them. In this study, single and multiple site-directed mutations at the 11 sites from LXYL-P1-1 to LXYL-P1-2 were performed to define the amino acids with upward bias in activities and to acquire variants with improved catalytic properties. Among all the 17 mutants, E12 (A72T/V91S) was the most active and even displayed 2.8- and 3-fold higher than LXYL-P1-2 on -xylosidase and -glucosidase activities. The possible mechanism for such improvement was proposed by homology modeling and molecular docking between E12 and 7--xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol. The recombinant yeast GS115-P1E12-7 was constructed by introducing variant , the molecular chaperone gene and the bacterial hemoglobin gene . This engineered yeast rendered 4 times higher biomass enzyme activity than GS115-3.5K-P1-2 that had been used for demo-scale fermentation. Thus, GS115-P1E12-7 becomes a promising candidate to replace GS115-3.5K-P1-2 for industrial purpose.

Related factors for the motor recovery after vectriculoperitoneal shunt in normal pressure hydrocephalus / 国际外科学杂志

Objective Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS)is preferable in treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). In this study, the factors related to the motor recovery after VPS were analysed.Method Twenty-six patients were treated with VPS, and four factors, that are duration of symptoms, open lumbar puncture(LP) pressure, improvement after LP ,and motor recovery of twelve months after operation,were assessed. Results Twelve months after VPS, the better motor recovery after VPS was related to shorter duration of symptoms, higher open LP pressure, and symptom improvement after LP. Conclusion The patients with shorter duration of symptoms, higher open LP pressure, and symptom improvement after LP are often responsive to VPS.

Advances in the pattern recognition research on fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 国际药学研究杂志

With the continual progress in modern analytical technology and in-depth systematic study of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), fingerprint is being gradually accepted for quality control. Fingerprint contains plenty of incognizable and potent data that reflect the intrinsic chemical information of TCM, how to discover and exploit these data is particularly important. The fingerprint pattern recognition of TCM that based on chemometric and computer science can recognize these data and variable characteristics, which makes it possible to control the quality of TCM. This paper reviews the advances in the pattern recognition research on fingerprint of TCM in recent years.

Gene damages of mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome oxidase of intestinal epithelial cells in hemorrhagic shock rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock on the structure and function of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) encoding cytochrome oxidase genes in intestinal epithelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were used and divided into two groups: hemorrhagic shock group and control group. Hemorrhagic shock model of rats was utilized in this experiment. The mtDNA was extracted from the intestinal epithelial cells and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different primers of cytochrome oxidase (COX I, COX II and COX III). The products of PCR were directly sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hemorrhagic shock could result in the point mutagenesis in mitochondrial genome encoding cytochrome oxidase (COX I and COX II). There were 4, 4, 22, 16, 35 point mutations in COX I from 5545 to 6838 bp in 5 shocked rats. There were five point mutations in COX II from 7191 to 7542 bp at the site of t7191c, t7212c, a7386g, a7483g, c7542g in 1 shocked rat. There was no mutation found in COX III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hemorrhagic shock could significantly induce the damage of the gene of cytochrome oxidase encoded by mtDNA.</p>

Effects of seawater immersion on the functions of mitochondria of myocardium and hepatocyte in hemorrhagic shock rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of seawater immersion on the function of myocardium and hepatocyte mitochondria in experimental hemorrhagic shock rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8 in each group): control group, HSL group (hemorrhagic shock group on land) and HSS group (hemorrhagic shock group in seawater). The hemodynamic parameters, activities of H(+)-ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, the calcium contents in myocardium and hepatocyte mitochondria were measured and the changes of proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hemodynamic indexes and the activities of H+-ATPase, SDH, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in HSS group were significantly lower than those in control group and HSL group (P<0.05). In HSS group the calcium levels in tissue and mitochondria of myocardium and hepatocyte were elevated significantly compared with control group and HSL group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in proton translocation among three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This investigation demonstrates that seawater immersion can aggravate the conditions of hemorrhagic shock rats.</p>

Changes of proton transportation across the inner mitochondrial membrane and H(+)-ATPase in endotoxic shock rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of proton transportation across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and H(+)-ATPase of hepatocytes in endotoxic shock rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endotoxin from E. Coil of 5.0 mg/kg or saline of 1 ml/kg was injected into the femoral vein. The rats were sacrificed pre-injection and 1, 3, 5, 8 hours after injection, and plasma and liver tissue samples were collected respectively. The liver tissue samples were used for preparation of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (SMPs). The proton-translocation of SMPs and H(+)-ATPase, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, membrane fluidities of different level of mitochondria membrane and plasma MDA content were assayed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Five hours after E. Coli. O111B4 injection, the maximum fluorescence quenching ACMA after adding ATP, nicotinamide adenin dinucleoacid hydrogen (NADH), and the succinate were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The time of maximum fluorescent quenching and the half time of fluorescent quenching were significantly prolonged (P<0.01), especially when NADH was used as a substrate. (2) The mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase activity was significantly increased at early stage of endotoxic shock (P<0.05), and significantly decreased at late stage of endotoxic shock (P<0.01). (3) The mitochondrial membrane bound PLA(2) activity, plasmal and mitochondrial MDA content were significantly increased and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of mitochondria decreased markedly in endotoxic shock rats (P<0.05). (4) The mitochondrial membrane fluidity of different lipid regions was decreased, especially in the head of phospholipid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Proton transportation across IMM and mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase activity are significantly decreased in endotoxic shock.</p>

Protective effect of serum containing Ziqi-liquid on hypoxia reoxygenation damaged intestinal epithelial cell 6 / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To observe the effect of hypoxia reoxygenation on activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and MDA content as well as[Ca~(2+)],concentration and mitochondria membrane poten- tial of intestinal epithelial cell-6(IEC-6)in IEC culture medium and explore the protective effect and mechanism of serum containing Ziqi-liquid(a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine)on hypoxia reoxy- genation damaged IEC-6.Methods Hypoxia reoxygenation damage model of IEC-6 was made.SOD activity and MPA content in IEC-6 culture medium were determined by ultraviolet spectrometry after hy- poxia reoxygenation and treatment with Ziqi-liquid.Meanwhile,MMP changes and[Ca~(2+)]concentration were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results After hypoxia reoxygenation,SOD and MMP were significantly decreased,but MDA content and[ Ca~(2+)] concentration significantly increased (P＜0.01),and significantly facilitated by serum containing Ziqi-liquid.Conclusion Hypoxia reoxy- genation can damage IEC-6,but the serum containing Ziqi-liquid has significant protective effect on it.

Immunohistochemical method for the detecting expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in lung tissues of silica-treated mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in lung tissues of silica-treated mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experimental mice were divided into control and silica groups. 0.2 g/kg body weight of silica was injected intratracheally in mice of silica group. Samples of lung tissue were collected 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 d after injection. The immunohistochemical method was used to analyze the protein expression of TGF-beta(1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In control mice, the expression of TGF-beta(1) in lung tissue was slightly positive while it was markedly increased in silica-treated mice. The expression was significantly elevated from the 7th day to 14th day. The expression in alveolar macrophages reached the peak on the 5th day [(93.4% +/- 2.8%) vs (42.2% +/- 12.0%), P < 0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF-beta(1) may play an important role in early development of silicosis.</p>

RT-PCR method for detecting the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene in lung tissues of silica-treated mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in lung tissues of silica-treated mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experimental mice were divided into control and silica group. 0.2 g/kg body weight of silica was injected intratracheally in silica group. Samples of lung tissue were collected 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 d after injection. RT-PCR method was used to analyze the gene expression of TGF-beta(1) in lung tissue of silica-treated mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TGF-beta(1) gene in lung tissue elevated from the 3rd day (1.20 +/- 0.15) and the peak value was on the 7th day (1.74 +/- 0.19). Then the expression decreased from the 14th to 28th day. But there was still higher than control until the 28th day.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF-beta(1) may play an important role in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.</p>