Avaliação da técnica de aperto de punho como interferente pré-analítico na dosagem do potássio / Evaluation of the wrist tightening technique as a pre-analytical interference in the potassium dosage

Objetivo: avaliar as alterações do potássio em relação a frequência de aperto de punho pelos participantes da pesquisa, buscando contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre os aspectos quantitativos em relação ao uso da técnica de aperto de punho durante a flebotomia, para verificar com que frequência o aperto de punho poderá contribuir para a elevação do potássio. Método: Foram realizadas duas coletas sanguíneas de cada indivíduo. Em um primeiro momento, mantendo as mãos relaxadas durante flebotomia e, segundo, bombeando o punho durante o procedimento de flebotomia para avaliar as alterações do potássio em relação a frequência de aperto de punho. Resultados: De um modo geral, observa-se que houveram alterações em praticamente todas as dosagens e que indivíduos poderiam ter sido diagnosticados incorretamente com uma hipercalemia, podendo ser submetidos a tratamentos desnecessários. Conclusão: A técnica de aperto de punho durante a flebotomia deve ser evitada, pois uma significativa porcentagem dos casos apresentou uma elevação de potássio não condizente com o nível sérico de potássio normal do indivíduo.

Objective: To evaluate potassium alterations in relation to wrist grip frequency by the research participants, seeking to contribute to a better understanding of the quantitative aspects regarding the use of wrist grip technique during phlebotomy, to verify how often wrist may contribute to potassium elevation. Method: Two blood samples were collected from each individual. At first, keeping the hands relaxed during phlebotomy and secondly, pumping the fist clenching the phlebotomy procedure to evaluate potassium changes in relation to the frequency of wrist tightening. Results: In general, it was observed that there were changes in practically all dosages and that individuals could have been misdiagnosed with hyperkalemia and could be submitted to unnecessary treatments. Conclusion: The technique of wrist tightening during phlebotomy should be avoided, since a significant percentage of the cases presented a potassium elevation that does not correspond to the individual's normal serum potassium level.

Implantação do Ponto de Coleta Reversa de Medicamentos em uma Instituição de Educação Superior do Distrito Federal / Implementation of the Reverse Drug Collection Point in a Higher Education Institution of the Federal District

Objetivo: proporcionar à comunidade acadêmica e social as práticas corretas de armazenamento e descarte dos medicamentos vencidos, em desuso e/ou inapropriados na instituição de ensino superior no DF. Método: A coleta dos medicamentos ocorreu no período de um ano, entre 2018 e 2019. Foi realizada a abertura da caixa de coleta permanente na Instituição de Educação Superior e a contagem manual de todos os medicamentos descartados. Os medicamentos foram relacionados em uma planilha de acordo com a classificação de bioequivalência, vias de administração, formas farmacêuticas, validade, preparação e classe terapêutica. Resultados: Desta forma, o ponto ativo fixo de coleta de medicamentos descartados na Instituição de Educação Superior proporciona um grande impacto social e ambiental, colaborando tanto com orientações na sociedade quanto promovendo uma ação permanente de auxílio aos órgãos governamentais a promoverem ações de correto destinação de medicações que tenham sido descartados. No período de 1 (um) ano, de um total de 922 unidades, sendo 84 medicamentos distintos, a predominância foi de medicamentos similares. Dentre as vias de administração, os medicamentos administrados via oral foram os mais descartados. Além disso, observa-se que esse ponto foi instalado há 1 ano, ou seja, em agosto de 2018, e foram contabilizados medicamentos desde 2012, ou seja, a população tem o hábito em armazenar esses medicamentos mesmo vencidos em domicílio. Conclusão: Constatou-se a necessidade de melhor esclarecimento sobre o assunto através de campanhas de incentivo e orientação, quanto ao destino adequado para resíduos de medicamentos e promoção ao uso racional de medicamentos, a fim de conscientizar a sociedade a utilização moderada dos medicamentos e a implementação de pontos de coleta acessíveis à população.

Objective: To provide the academic and social community with the correct storage and disposal practices for expired, disused and/or inappropriate medicines in the higher education institution in the Federal District. Method: The collection of medicines took place within one year, between 2018 and 2019. The permanent collection box was opened at the Higher Education Institution and the manual counting of all discarded medicines. The drugs were listed in a spreadsheet according to bioequivalence classification, routes of administration, pharmaceutical forms, validity, preparation and therapeutic class. Results: Thus, the fixed active point of collection of discarded medicines in the Higher Education Institution provides a great social and environmental impact, collaborating with orientations in the society as well as promoting a permanent action of assistance to the government agencies to promote actions of correct destination of. medications that have been discarded. In the period of 1 (one) year, out of a total of 922 units, being 84 different drugs, the predominance was similar drugs. Among the routes of administration, the drugs administered orally were the most discarded. In addition, it is observed that this point was installed 1 year ago, that is, in August 2018, and medicines have been counted since 2012, that is, the population has the habit of storing these medicines even at home. Conclusion: There was a need for better clarification on the subject through incentive and orientation campaigns, as to the appropriate destination for drug residues and promotion of the rational use of medicines, in order to make society aware of the moderate use of medicines and implementation of collection points accessible to the population.

Humoral immune response in yersinia enterocolitica 0: 3 - infected balb/c mice

Balb/c mice were experimentally infected by oral or intravenous route with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 for evaluation of their humaral immune response. Agroup of normal mice was used as control. Five mice from each group were bled by heart puncture and their spleens were removed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after infection. Immunoglobulin-secreting spleen cells were detected by the isotype-specific protein A plaque assay. The presence of specific anti-Yersinia antibodies was determined in mouse serum by ELISA. In the group infected by the intragastric route there was a reduction of immunoglobuling-secreting spleen cells compared to control during the first week after infection; the animals did not develop anti-Yersinia antibodies. In the group infected by the intravenous route there was ans increase in the cells secreting immunoglobulins of all isotypes, with the following peaks of maximum activation: IgM on the 3rd day, IgG2a and IgG3 on the 7th day and IgA, IgG1 and IgG2b on the 14th day after infection. Specific antibodies of the IgG and IgM isotype were detected in the sera of these animals. Previous Balb/c mouse infection with Y. enterocolitica by the oral route did not change the patterns of humoral response to sheep red blood cells by these animals. We conclude that the immune humoral response differs between the animals inoculated intravenously or orally, with a short-term immunosupression being observed only in the latter group.