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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(1): 15-21, ene. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902617

ABSTRACT

Background: The evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness (RCC) using maximal or peak oxygen consumption (VO2), requires a high level of effort in obese patients. We propose a method to evaluate RCC using constant and moderate loads, called VO2 kinetics (tau). Aim: To determine the relationship between tau and peak VO2 in patients with obesity. Material and Methods: Forty patients (87% females) aged 37 ± 12 years and with a body mass index (BMI) of 34.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2, were divided into two groups according to the applied workload (0.5 and 0.8 Watts/kg body mass) using a cycle ergometer and Cortex Metalyzer 3b equipment. The protocol was started with 6 minutes at constant load and then increments of 20-25 Watts every two min were made until determination of the peak VO2. Results: The tau value was 51.8 ± 17.6 s, the absolute peak VO2 was 2.0 ± 0.7 L/min and the relative peak VO2 was 26.6 ± 30.0 ml/kg/min. There was a significant difference of tau medians between the group that used 0.5 and 0.8 Watts/kg (p = 0.002) and a significant inverse correlation between the absolute peak VO2 and the tau value for a load of 0.5 Watts/kg (rho = -0.415, p = 0.0327). Conclusions: The higher tau value, the lower the peak VO2 of an obese patient. It is suggested to apply loads of 0.5 Watts/kg for a VO2 kinetics test in obese patients or in subjects who do not wish to carry out higher physiological demands with a non-invasive and low risk procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology , Obesity/complications , Kinetics , Exercise Test , Physical Exertion , Heart Rate/physiology
2.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 66(3): 172-177, jul.-set. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-893933

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a frequência e caracterizar as interações medicamentosas potenciais entre fármacos psicotrópicos sujeitos a controle especial pela portaria 344/98 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), os quais foram prescritos e dispensados em uma farmácia pública do Município de Cascavel, Paraná. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com desenho seccional foi realizado em uma Farmácia Pública Municipal. A amostra foi composta por prescrições de medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial, dispensados entre primeiro de julho a 31 de agosto de 2010. As prescrições retidas na farmácia foram analisadas retrospectivamente e as informações, coletadas. As interações medicamentosas potenciais foram identificadas em 824 prescrições. Resultados As prescrições eram na maioria para pacientes do sexo feminino e com idade entre 19 e 59 anos. Em relação à especialidade do prescritor, 30,6% foram prescritas por psiquiatra. Em 77,9% das prescrições identificou-se pelo menos uma interação medicamentosa potencial. Foram descritas 54 diferentes interações medicamentosas potenciais, sendo 34 graves e 20 moderadas. Encontrou-se uma correlação linear entre medicamentos prescritos e interações medicamentosas potenciais (p valor < 0,001). Conclusão O presente estudo identificou uma alta frequência de interações medicamentosas potenciais envolvendo fármacos de controle especial e uma associação positiva entre o número de fármacos prescritos com a maior frequência dessas interações.


ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and classify the potential drug-drug interactions that occur between psychotropic drugs subject to special control by Decree Order 344/98 of National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), which were prescribed and were dispensed in a public pharmacy of the Cascavel City, Paraná. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a public community pharmacy in a city of Parana. The sample was the prescriptions of drugs subject to special control, dispensed between day 1 July 2010 to 31 August of the same year. The prescriptions retained in the public pharmacy were retrospectively analyzed and the information collected. The potential drug-drug interactions were identified in 824 prescriptions. Results The prescriptions were mostly for female patients, with aged between 19 and 59 years old. Regarding the prescriber specialty, psychiatrist prescribed 30.6% of prescriptions. In 77.9% of them at least one potential drug-interaction has been identified. Fifty-four different potential drug interactions have been reported, with 34 serious and 20 moderate. There was a linear correlation between prescribed medication and potential drug interactions (p < 0.001). Conclusion The present study showed a high frequency of potential drug interactions involving special control drugs and positive association between the number of drugs prescribed as often these interactions.

3.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 35(3): 242-248, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844296

ABSTRACT

Pese a que la efectividad de los programas de prevención secundaria en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) ha sido ampliamente demostrada, su implementación tanto Chile como a nivel internacional ha sido pobre. Objetivo: Determinar la tasa costo-efectividad de una propuesta teórica de Programa de Rehabilitación cardiovascular (PRC) basada en la evidencia y validada por expertos, en personas post Infarto Agudo al Miocardio (IAM) en el nivel secundario de atención en salud, pertenecientes al Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Región Metropolitana. Método: Se elaboró un protocolo teórico de un PRC integral basado en las guías clínicas internacionales (AHA, AACVPD, NICE, ESC, NHMRC, Victoria), ajustado a la realidad chilena, el cual fue costeado. Luego se estimó los años de vida por muerte prematura con y sin participación en un PRC, para obtener finalmente los Años de Vida Ganados (AVG). Con ello se calculó la tasa de costo-efectividad. Resultados: El costo anual del centro de rehabilitación cardíaca es de $64.407.065 CLP. La Razón Incremental de Costo Efectividad (ICER), considerando una reducción de la mortalidad tardía del 25%, es de CLP$475.209,72/AVG. Valor que al ser menor al Producto Interno Bruto per cápita, se considera como una intervención muy costo efectiva. Conclusión: Un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca integral post-IAM parece muy costo-efectivo.


Although the effectiveness of secondary prevention programs in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been widely demons-trated, its implementation both in Chile and other countries has been scarce. Aim: To determine the cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based theoretical comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR), validated by experts, for post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients at the secondary level from the Chilean Public Health System. Methods: A theoretical protocol of a CCR program based on recommendations from international guidelines (AHA, AACVPD, NICE, ESC, NHMRC, Victoria) was elaborated and adjusted to the Chilean conditions. A cost analysis was performed. Life years due to premature death were estimated with and without participation in the cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP). We obtained gained life-years, and calculated the ratio of cost-effectiveness. Results: The annual cost of the cardiac rehabilitation center is $ 64,407,065 CLP. The Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) considering a reduction in late mortality of 25%, is CLP$475.209,72/ AVG. Since it is less than one per capita gross domestic product, it is considered as a very cost-effective intervention. Conclusion: A comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program post AMI is very cost-effective for use in a in public health service. It should be considered to review Optimal frequency and intensity of exercise in order to achieve optimal results should be determined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Rehabilitation/economics , Myocardial Infarction/rehabilitation , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Myocardial Infarction/economics
4.
Kinesiologia ; 29(1): 22-26, mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-574228

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y Objetivo: Debido a las alteraciones observadas en la condición física de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica se ha demostrado la utilidad de someter a estos pacientes a un entrenamiento físico. El cociente respiratorio es utilizado normalmente como un medio no invasivo para estimar el umbral anaeróbico en sujetos sometidos a entrenamiento físico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la utilidad del cociente respiratorio como método indirecto para estimar el umbral anaeróbico y como indicador de detención en una ergometría en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Pacientes y método: Se realizó una cicloergometría con análisis de gases espirados en un grupo de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (n=17) y en un grupo de sujetos sanos (n=18). Los cocientes respiratorios en reposo y con 30, 60 y 100 W fueron comparados entre ambos grupos. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias entre individuos sanos y pacientes en el cociente respiratorio en reposo; sin embargo, durante la prueba con diferentes intensidades de trabajo se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: En el caso de los nefrópatas, las diferencias observadas en el cociente respiratorio pueden atribuirse a exceso de producción de CO2. Per esta razón, la utilización del cociente respiratorio como un medio no invasivo para estimar el umbral anaeróbico parece ser no recomendable en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica.


Background and Objective: Due to changes observed in the physical condition of patients with chronic renal failure it has been demonstrated the usefulness of the physical training on these patients. The respiratory quotient is normally used as a non-invasive method for estimating the anaerobic threshold in subjects undergoing physical training. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the respiratory quotient as an indirect method to estimate the anaerobic threshold and as an indicator to stop the ergometry in patients with chronic renal failure. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cycle-erge metry with expired gas analysis in patients with chronic renal failure (n = 17) and in a group of healthy subjects (n= 18). The respiratory quotients at rest and with 30, 60 and 100 W were compared between groups. Results: No differences in the respiratory quotient were observed between healthy subjects and patients at rest, however, statistically significant differences were found between groups with different intensities of work. Conclusions: Because the observed differences in respiratory quotients could be attributed to an excess on production of CO2 in chronic renal failure patients, the use of respiratory quotient as a non-invasive method for estimating the anaerobic threshold seems to be not recommended in these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Anaerobic Threshold/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Vital Capacity , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology
5.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 35(1): 1-5, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481088

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: O uso de fármacos combinados para o tratamento de patologias diversas em psiquiatria tem aumentado progressivamente. Os antidepressivos estão envolvidos em diversas interações farmacológicas clinicamente importantes. OBJETIVO: Detectar risco de interações entre fármacos antidepressivos e associados prescritos a pacientes adultos. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa retrospectiva e descritiva foi desenvolvida em uma farmácia magistral da cidade de Cascavel, Paraná. Os dados foram coletados de 151 receituários médicos de pacientes adultos (19 anos ou mais), envolvendo fármacos antidepressivos e associados entre outubro e novembro de 2005. O estudo limitou-se às variáveis registradas no receituário médico (sexo, idade, fármaco antidepressivo e associado prescrito). RESULTADOS: A categoria de 31 a 40 anos de idade foi a mais freqüente (32,46 por cento) e o sexo foi o feminino (64,90 por cento). Os fármacos antidepressivos tricíclicos (ADT) e associados apresentaram um total de oito episódios de interações relativos ao grau de severidade, sendo quatro de grau moderado e quatro menor. Em relação aos fármacos antidepressivos inibidores seletivos da recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) e associados, o risco de ocorrência foi de 16 casos; quatro de severidade menor, dez moderada e dois maior. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados mostram que os pacientes com prescrição de fármacos ISRS e associados possuíam mais risco de interações de maior severidade, totalizando o dobro de interações em relação aos ADTs.


BACKGROUND: The combination of drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders has become a relatively frequent practice. The antidepressants are involved in several clinically important pharmacological interactions. OBJECTIVES: To detect the risk of interactions between antidepressants and associated drugs prescribed for adults patients. METHODS: Data on 151 medical prescriptions of antidepressants and other psychiatric drugs were retrospectively assessed at a teaching pharmacy in the city of Cascavel (state of Parana, Brazil), between October and November 2005. Only prescriptions provided for adults patients (19 years and older) were analyzed. RESULTS: Prescriptions were most frequently provided for female patients (64.9 percent), and for patients in the 31 to 40 year-old age group (32.5 percent). Considering prescription information only, we identified a clinically relevant risk of drug-drug interactions in eight prescriptions of tricyclic antidepressants (TADs) and associated drugs; the putative consequence of such pharmacological interaction was considered moderately relevant in four of these. The co-prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with other related drugs bearing a putative risk of interaction was observed in 16 cases, two of which involved a significant risk, ten a moderate risk, and four a minor risk of clinically relevant consequences. DISCUSSION: We provide evidence that the risk of pharmacological interactions may be often overlooked in the prescription of antidepressants (TAD and SSRIs) and related drugs in this clinical setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Pharmacoepidemiology , Drug Prescriptions , Drug Interactions
6.
Acta sci ; 24(3): 703-705, jun. 2002. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402653

ABSTRACT

Verificar a prevalência da sintomatologia depressiva na população de idosos com idade superior a 60 anos, numa área adstrita do PSF, no município de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, utilizando o Inventário para Depressão de Beck. A população estudada foi de 451 indivíduos, da qual foi utilizada uma amostra de 123 pessoas correspondendo a 27,3 por cento do total. Obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados: 1) idade média 69 ± 8 anos; 2) disforia: 15,1 por cento dos homens e 17,2 por cento das mulheres (p=0,7590); depressão: 34 por cento dos homens e 37,7 por cento das mulheres (p=0,6942); 3) a prevalência de “depressão” foi 4,8 vezes maior que a população brasileira e 2,1 vezes a dos idosos americanos. Assim, a sintomatologia depressiva foi altamente prevalente na amostra de idosos estudada, de uma área de PSF


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/etiology , Depression/ethnology , Family Health
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