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Laminin subunit alpha 4 (LAMA4),a member of the laminin family,is present in the intercellular matrix of adult tissues as a major component of basement membrane.LAMA4 is involved in the adhesion of cells and can bind to corresponding integrins to activate relevant signaling pathways,playing an essential role in the growth,proliferation,and migration of cells.It has been demonstrated that LAMA4 is associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases including tumors,and the expression of LAMA4 can be used as a biomarker of tumor diagnosis and prognosis.This paper summarizes the current research progress in LAMA4 with the focus on the relationship between LAMA4 and diseases,especially tumor,with a view to provide new directions for the future research.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Laminin , Extracellular MatrixABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate EEG biofeedback therapy on clinical efficacy of children with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the integrated visual and auditory integration continuous performance test (IVA-CPT).Methods:Children with ADHD who completed more than 60 times of EEG biofeedback training in Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital from July 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the results of IAV-CPT before treatment, all the children were divided into three subtypes: attention deficit type ( n=21), impulse hyperactivity type ( n=11), and mixed type ( n=30). The differences of symptom improvement between the three subtypes before and after training were compared by SPSS 23.0 software. Results:(1) In terms of response control (a total of 9 items), there was no statistical significance in the attention deficit group before and after treatment (all P>0.05). In the hyperactivity group, the scores of visual and auditory response control, full scale response control, auditory prudence and auditory consistency, visual focus quotient and visual consistency before treatment were significantly lower than those after treatment(all P<0.05). In the mixed group, the scores of visual and auditory response control, full scale response control, auditory prudence, visual consistency, and visual prudence before treatment were significantly lower than those after treatment(all P<0.05). In terms of attention (a total of 9 items), the scores of auditory vigilance, auditory attention, visual attention, full scale attention, visual vigilance and visual speed in the attention deficit group before treatment were significantly lower than those after treatment(all P<0.05). The scores of visual attention, full scale attention, visual focus quotient (all P<0.01), auditory attention and visual speed (all P<0.05) in hyperactivity group before treatment were significantly lower than those after treatment. In the mixed group, the scores of the other 8 items before treatment were significantly lower than those after treatment (all P<0.01, auditory focus quotient were P<0.05), except that the auditory speed had no statistical significance before and after treatment.(2)After EEG biofeedback training, the changes of IVA-CPT scores of the three groups before and after treatment(visual response control (-2.76±24.39), (19.55±19.94), (12.93±25.30), F=3.932, P=0.025), (full scale response control (2.38±20.77), (21.27±15.86), (15.43±25.69), F=3.158, P=0.050), (full scale attention (18.43±27.44), (11.36±11.40), (26.23±18.41), F=4.692, P=0.016), (auditory vigilance (20.23±42.65), (6.55±10.20), (33.63±36.30), F=7.160, P=0.002), (visual vigilance (19.48±28.55), (5.27±10.62), (33.27±28.26), F=10.876, P<0.001), (visual focus quotient (-2.24±23.67), (14.45±13.79), (12.83±21.91), F=3.669, P=0.031) were statistically significant. After LSD comparison, the changes of visual control and total control scores in the attention deficit group before and after treatment were significantly lower than those in the impulse hyperactivity group (all P<0.05) and the mixed group (all P<0.05). In the three items of total attention score, auditory vigilance and visual vigilance, the changes of impulsivity hyperactivity group before and after treatment were significantly lower than those of mixed group ( P=0.050, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). The changes of visual attention quotient in the attention deficit group before and after treatment were significantly lower than those in the impulse hyperactivity group and the mixed group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:EEG biofeedback has clinical efficacy in the three groups of subtypes of ADHD, but the efficacy is different, and individualized EEG training programs should be developed for different subtypes of children on the basis of standard TBR therapy protocol.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology. Methods The TCMSP database was used to obtain the main chemical components and action targets of the seven traditional Chinese medicines in Xiaochaihu decoction; the GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to obtain the targets associated with hepatitis B; the STRING online platform was used to construct a PPI network of potential targets, and R language was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis; Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct an "active component-core target" network and perform a topology analysis of this network; AutoDock vina and related software were used to perform molecular docking and visualized analysis of the active components with high value and the core targets in the network. Results A total of 193 main chemical components (including quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, and naringenin) and 247 related targets were screened out, among which the key targets included RELA, MAPK1, TP53, ESR1, EGFR, and AKT1. A total of 2612 enrichment items were obtained by GO functional enrichment analysis, which were mainly involved in regulating the biological processes such as cell response to chemical stress, response to drugs, oxidative stress response, and lipopolysaccharide response. A total of 174 pathways were obtained by the KEGG pathway analysis, mainly involving hepatitis B, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components had strong binding force to core targets, and the protein crystal complex had a stable conformation. Conclusion This study preliminarily shows that Xiaochaihu decoction exerts a therapeutic effect on hepatitis B through multiple components, targets, and pathways.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology. Methods The TCMSP database was used to obtain the main chemical components and action targets of the seven traditional Chinese medicines in Xiaochaihu decoction; the GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to obtain the targets associated with hepatitis B; the STRING online platform was used to construct a PPI network of potential targets, and R language was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis; Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct an "active component-core target" network and perform a topology analysis of this network; AutoDock vina and related software were used to perform molecular docking and visualized analysis of the active components with high value and the core targets in the network. Results A total of 193 main chemical components (including quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, and naringenin) and 247 related targets were screened out, among which the key targets included RELA, MAPK1, TP53, ESR1, EGFR, and AKT1. A total of 2612 enrichment items were obtained by GO functional enrichment analysis, which were mainly involved in regulating the biological processes such as cell response to chemical stress, response to drugs, oxidative stress response, and lipopolysaccharide response. A total of 174 pathways were obtained by the KEGG pathway analysis, mainly involving hepatitis B, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components had strong binding force to core targets, and the protein crystal complex had a stable conformation. Conclusion This study preliminarily shows that Xiaochaihu decoction exerts a therapeutic effect on hepatitis B through multiple components, targets, and pathways.
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Objective To observe the effect of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) on au-tobiographical memory and efficacy in schizophrenic patients. Methods Seventy-four patients with schizo-phrenia were randomly divided into study group (38 cases) and control group (36 cases). The study group was treated with MECT for 10-12 times in combination with single antipsychotic drug,while the control group was treated with single antipsychotic drug. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. All patients were assessed for autobiographical memory before treatment and at the 4th,8th and 12th week after treatment,and the effi-cacy was evaluated by the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS). Results (1)The response time of autobiographical event memory in the study group at the 4th and 8th weekends after treatment ((2 058. 84 ±200. 06)ms,(1 883. 61±202. 17)ms)were significantly longer those at baseline((1 765. 27±203. 23)ms) and that at the same periods in the control group(( 1 787. 03 ± 192. 82),(1 762. 01± 195. 25)),and the differences were statistically significant(t=6. 346,2. 545;P<0. 05,t=5. 945,2. 630;P<0. 05),but the re-sponse time of autobiographical event memory in the study group at the 12th weekend after treatment was not statistically significant compared with that before treatment (P>0. 05). ( 2) For each time point after treat-ment,the PANSS scores of the study group and the control group were significantly lower than those at base-line (P<0. 05). The PANSS scores of the study group at each time point after treatment((62. 42±7. 22), (49. 32±5. 54),(43. 63±9. 90)) were significantly lower than those of the control group at the same periods ((71. 78±10. 19),(56. 14±5. 95),(49. 28±9. 31)),and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4. 577,5. 108,2. 525;all P<0. 05). The total effective rate of the study group ( 94. 7%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (80. 6%) (χ2=9. 287,P<0. 05). Conclusions MECT is effective in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia,and it has some damage to their autobiographical memory,but the damage is transient and reversible.
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·AIM: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of adults who underwent extra - large recession of unilateral medial rectus ( UMR) for the treatment of concomitant esotropia less than +30 prism diopter ( PD) .·METHODS: The medical records of 20 patients ( 30 eyes) who underwent surgical correction of concomitant esotropia less than +30 PD were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with esotropia who were previously treated with one or two surgical procedures of adjustable suture ( 10 eyes as observation group with extra-large recession of UMR as 8-9mm, 10 eyes as control group with bilateral MR recession as 4-5mm) were included in the study. The binocular alignment and adduction function were evaluated at postoperative 3d and 3mo.·RESULTS: The male-female rate of the patients was 13:7. The mean age at surgery was 28. 2 ± 19. 9 years old (range:18-42 years old). At 3d after operation, the eye position of the observation group was - 3△ to + 10△(+5. 02△±2. 39△). That of the control group was -2△ to+10△(+4. 86△± 2. 28△). The difference between the two groups was significant (t=4. 36,P<0. 05). At 3mo after operation, the eye position of the observation group was+4△ to +11△(+4. 31△± 1. 65△). That of the control group was +3△to +10△(+3. 91△±2. 68△). The difference between the two groups was not significant (t= 2. 01,P>0. 05). There was no statistic difference in the postoperative AC/A between two groups (3. 09±0. 15 vs 3. 16±0. 09; t=2. 18,P> 0. 05 ) in postoperative 3mo. Three eyes of the observation group had adduction limitation in postoperative 3d, while none of patients in control group had this. None in the two groups showed the limitation in postoperative 3mo.· CONCLUSION: The surgical correction with UMR recession less than 9mm is safe in small angle esotropia adults, without adduction limitation.
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Objective To study the effect of atlantoaxial pedicle and lateral mass screw in treat-ment of atlantoaxial instability. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on 11 eases of aflantoaxi-al instability treated with atlantoaxial pedicle and lateralmass screw from June 2006 to December 2007. Results The postoperative radiographs verified good position of all screws, with satisfactory atlantoaxial reduction. Follow-up for 3-21 months (average 12 months) showed no spinal cord and vertebral artery in-jury or interfixation failure. Conclusion Atlantoaxial pediele and lateral mass screw technique is a convenient method with solid fixation for treatment of atlantoaxial instability.