ABSTRACT
A síndrome de transfusão feto-fetal (STFF) é uma das complicações mais graves que pode ocorrer em gestações gemelares monocoriônicas. Sua incidência varia de 1:40 a 1:60 em gestações gemelares e de 10 a 20 das gemelares monocoriônicas. Sua fisiopatologia é explicada pelo desequilíbrio das anastomoses vasculares placentárias e a resposta cardiovascular a essa alteração. A taxa de mortalidade sem tratamento é de 70 a 100 para pelo menos um dos gêmeos e não existe consenso bem definido sobre qual o melhor momento para se realizar o tratamento nem sobre a técnica a ser utilizada.
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is one of the most serious complications that can occur in monochorionic twin pregnancies. The incidence of TTTS ranges from 1:40 to 1:60 in twin pregnancies and 10-20 in monochorionic twin pregnancies. The pathophysiology of the disease is explained by the imbalance of placental vascular anastomoses and the cardiovascular response to this alteration. The mortality rate without treatment is 70-100 for at least one of the twins and there is no clear consensus about the best time to perform the treatment or wich technique shoud be used.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Fetofetal Transfusion/physiopathology , Fetofetal Transfusion/therapy , Fetofetal Transfusion/classification , Fetofetal Transfusion/diagnosisABSTRACT
O descolamento prematuro da placenta (DPP) caracteriza-se pelo despregamento espontâneo da placenta a partir da vigésima semana de gravidez ou durante o parto. Este artigo relata o DPP oculto que culminou em óbito do concepto, apesar da abordagem adequada e imediata. Alerta para a possibilidade de diagnóstico de DPP em urgência obstétrica, com repercussões graves e potencialmente fatais para a mãe e o concepto se não identificado e abordado convenientemente.
Placental abruption (PA) is characterized by spontaneous detachment of the placenta from the twentieth week of gestation or during delivery. Here we report a case of concealed PA that culminated in death of the fetus in spite of appropriate and immediate approach of physicians. The case alerts us to the possibility of diagnosis of PA in na obstetric emergency. If not identified and addressed appropriately, PA could cause serious and potentially fatal implications for the mother and fetus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Abruptio Placentae/diagnosis , Stillbirth , Pregnancy Complications , Uterine HemorrhageABSTRACT
Los linfomas secundarios con afectación de la glándula mamaria, aunque raros, representan el grupo más grande de tumores metastásicos de la mama. El linfoma no Hodgkin primario de la mama es también raro, representando del 1.7%-2.2% de los casos de linfoma no Hodgkin extranodal y del 0.38-0.7% de todos los linfomas no Hodgkin. Aproximadamente 300 casos han sido reportados en la literatura. El aspecto mamográfico ha sido descrito como áreas redondeadas u ovales con densidad aumentada. Las masas mamarias pueden aparecer homogéneas o heterogéneas. Las lesiones pueden ser muy bien definidas y ser confundidas con procesos benignos, esto último más probable en pacientes menores de 35 años de edad. Los hallazgos ultrasonográficos son descritos como masas de márgenes bien definidos con ecos de intensidad baja a moderada. Las paredes posteriores de la masa suelen estar bien definidas, probablemente con ligero reforzamiento acústico pero sin sombra posterior asociada. En resumen, el aspecto mamográfico del linfoma mamario no es específico, pero el diagnóstico puede ser excluido si hay presencia de calcificaciones o reacción desmoplásica. El tejido linfoide prominente en un paciente con masas mamarias debería despertar la sospecha de linfoma mamario. El aspecto más crítico en el estudio de una masa de la mama es la biopsia del tejido, puesto que una lesión linfomatosa tiene radiográficamente patrones indeterminados. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 79 años con dolor abdominal y una masa palpable en la mama derecha; realizamos un breve resumen de las características clínicas y principales hallazgos por imagen del linfoma no Hodgkin con afección a la glándula mamaria (radiografía de tórax, mastografía, ultrasonido mamario, y tomografía de tórax).
Secondary lymphomas involving the breast, although uncommon, represent the largest group of metastasic tumors to the breast. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of the breast are also rare, accounting for 1.7% to 2.2% of extranodal NHL cases and 0.38 to 0.7% of all NHLs. Approximately 300 cases have been reported in the Medical literature. Mammographic appearances are described as round or oval areas of opacity. The breast mass may appear homogeneous or inhomogeneous. The lesion may be very well defined and may be mistaken for a benign process, most notable in patients younger than 35 years of age. Ultrasonographic appearance is described as a sharply defined mass with low or medium echoes. The posterior aspect of the mass is well defined (possibly with slight acoustic enhancement but with no associated posterior shadowing). In summary, the mammographic appearance of the breast lymphoma is nonspecific, but the diagnosis can possibly be excluded if calcifications or a desmoplastic reaction are present. Prominent lymph vessels in a patient with a breast mass should raise the suspicion of breast lymphoma. The most critical aspect in the workup of a breast mass is the tissue biopsy, since radiographically lymphomatous lesions are indeterminate. We present the case of a 79-year-old woman with abdominal pain and a palpable breast mass; we also make a brief summary of the clinical features and main imaging findings of NHL (plain radiograph, mammography, breast ultrasound and thorax tomography).
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/secondary , Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology , Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms , Breast NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Cystic fibrosis is the most common hereditary disease in populations of European descent, with its prevalence depending on the populations and ethnic groups studied. In contrast to Europe and North America, there is little information about this disease in Latin America. Uruguay currently has a human population of 3,000,000, with a low rate of miscegenation and no remaining isolated Amerindian groups. In the present study, we estimated the prevalence of cystic fibrosis in this country based on the detection of DeltaF508 mutation carriers in 500 unrelated individuals and on the frequency of individuals homozygous for this mutation within the affected population. The latter was calculated from the frequency of the different mutations and genotypes observed in a sample of 52 previously described patients with confirmed cystic fibrosis. A theoretical estimate of the prevalence of cystic fibrosis based on anthropological data suggested a frequency of 25 affected individuals/100,000 inhabitants. However, our data indicated that the true prevalence in the population was considerably lower (6.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants).
Subject(s)
Humans , Cystic Fibrosis , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator , Mutation , Cystic Fibrosis , Genotype , Prevalence , UruguayABSTRACT
Los aneurismas de la arteria subclavia representan una patología poco frecuente. Actualmente con la utilización de métodos de imagen, en este caso tomografía computada y ultrasonido Doppler es posible hacer un diagnóstico de certeza. Informamos los hallazgos mostrados por ambos métodos en un paciente con esta patología que se presentó clínicamente con síndrome de Horner.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Subclavian Artery , Aneurysm/complications , Horner Syndrome/etiology , Ultrasonography , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio experimental en 18 cánidos, en 11 de los cuales se administró aciete de girasol con mentol al 20% a través de colecistostomía y en siete controles se usó aciete de girasol puro, durante dos semanas. Se observaron mínimas alteraciones en la pruebas de funcionamiento hepático con el grupo de estudio (p>0.05), no hubo alteraciones morfológicas del hígado, fueron mínimas en vescícula y colédoco en ambos grupos y el mentol no favoreció el desarrollo bacteriano. Concluimos que el mentol en aceite puede emplearse en humanos con litiasis residual a través de la sonda en T. De cinco enfermos con este tratamiento, se logró la disolución química de los cálculos biliares en tres y disolución de un cálculo y diminución del tamaño de otro en un enfermo más, con mínimos efectos colaterales.