Comparação entre a atividade EMG do peitoral maior, deltóide anterior e tríceps braquial durante os exercícios supino reto e crucifixo / Comparación entre la actividad EMG del pectoral mayor, deltoide anterior y tríceps braquial durante los ejercicios supino recto y cruz / Comparison among the EMG activity of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoidis and triceps brachii during the bench press and peck deck exercises

A identificação das peculiaridades de cada movimento e sua adequação aos objetivos do treinamento é uma tarefa que exige a interação de vários conhecimentos. Tal tarefa é fundamental para o sucesso nas diversas modalidades esportivas e programas de treinamento com fins de reabilitação e/ou estética. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) dos músculos peitoral maior (PM), deltóide anterior (DA) e tríceps braquial (TB) durante a execução dos exercícios supino reto com barra (SP) e crucifixo na máquina (CR). As atividades EMG dos músculos PM, DA e TB foram avaliadas durante a realização de 10 repetições máximas no CR e SP em 13 homens treinados. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças na atividade do PM e DA entre os exercícios. A atividade do TB foi maior na realização do SP em comparação com o CR. Durante o SP, a atividade do PM foi maior em relação ao TB, sem diferenças entre PM e DA ou DA e TB. No CR, a atividade do PM e a do DA foram maiores em relação ao TB, sem diferenças entre DA e PM. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no presente estudo pode-se concluir que, caso o objetivo do treinamento seja promover estímulos para o DA ou PM, ambos os exercícios podem ser usados, dependendo da disponibilidade de materiais e/ou da especificidade da atividade motora na qual se procura melhorar a performance.

The identification of the characteristics of each movement and its adjustment to the training goals are tasks that demand the interaction of many knowledge areas. These tasks are essential to the success in sports activities and training programs designed with athletic, aesthetic or healthy purposes. The objective of the present study was to compare the electromyograhic (EMG) activity of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoids (DA) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during the barbell bench press (SP) and the peck deck (PD) exercises. EMG activity of TB, PM and DA were assessed during 10 maximum repetitions performed in SP and PD in 13 trained men. The results did not show any differences between exercises for PM and DA activity; however, TB activity was higher for SP than PD exercise. During SP, the PM muscle activity was higher than TB. There were no differences between PM and DA, or between DA and TB. During the PD exercise, the PM and DA muscle activities were higher than TB. There were no differences between PM and DA. It was concluded that the prime movers of both exercise are DA and PM, and there are no differences between them. Therefore, both PD and SP could be performed with the purpose to stimulate DA and PM muscles, depending on the availability of the equipments and/or the specificity of the motor tasks.

La identificación de las peculiaridades de cada movimiento y su adecuación a los objetivos de entrenamiento es una tarea que exige la interacción de varias áreas de conocimiento. Tal tarea es fundamental para el éxito en las diversas modalidades deportivas y programas de entrenamiento con fines de rehabilitación y/o estética. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido comparar la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) de los músculos pectoral mayor (PM), deltoides anterior (DA) y tríceps braquial (TB) durante la ejecución de los ejercicios supino recto con barra (SP) y de cruz en máquina (CR). Las actividades EMG de los músculos PM, DA y TB fueron evaluados durante la realización de 10 repeticiones máximas en CR y SP en 13 hombres entrenados. Los resultados no revelaron diferencias en la actividad de PM y DA entre los ejercicios. La actividad de TB fue mayor en la realización de SP en comparación con CR. Durante SP, la actividad de PM fue mayor en relación a TB, sin diferencias entre PM y DA o DA y TB. En CR, la actividad de PM y DA fueron mayores en relación a TB, sin diferencias entre DA y PM. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio se puede concluir que en caso de que el objetivo de entrenamiento sea promover estímulos para DA o PM, ambos ejercicios pueden ser usados, dependiendo de la disponibilidad de materiales y/o de la especificidad de la actividad motora en la cual se procure mejorar el desempeño.

Métodos de medição em biomecânica do esporte: descrição de protocolos para aplicação nos centros de excelência esportiva(Rede CENESP-MET) / Measuring methods in biomechanics sport

The evaluation models and protocols which supply with experimental data the movement theories, are still incompleted, just like biomechanical research, which needs standard methods. For a good sport movement evaluation, four different levels emerge: measuring, description, monitoring e analysing the results. In general for all evaluation levels human participation is requested. The concern about improving biomechanical measuring methods refles on the search for more accurate proce dures [ analyse sport movement. The measuring tests and protocois are based on lhe foUowing methods in BÍomecl anthropometry, kinematics. dynamícs and electromyography. Another con cern is to state strategies about standardizing evaluation protoCois for the biomechanicai laboratories associated lo Centros de Excelência Esportiva do Ministério de Esporte e Turismo (CENESP-MET). Those concerns may improve the scientific support for the deveiopment of sport in Brazil

Instrumentação para aquisição e avaliação das forças exercidas nos pedais por ciclistas / Instruments for acquisition and evaliation of the forces measured in the pedaling by cyclists

Due to the great heterogencity in the utilization of the bicycle, a great deal of curiosity is emerging. Many research efforts have been carried out regarding the analysis of the possible causes of lesions during the action of pedaling. Also, some efforts tried to establish the factors that are important for increasing the efficiency of the force application on the pedals, such as the symmetry of pedaling. The study of pedaling has unquestionable importance. However, no publication at this point has presented a detailed description of the parts, with their dimensions, and the procedures needed for building a pedal with force transducers. The objective of this paper is to present detailed instructions for building a pedal with force transducers. Moreover, a calibration system has been developed for this kind of pedal, allowing the evaluation of forces that are purely vertical, purely horizontal, or a combination of these two modes. In order to offer complete information for developing research in this area, a mechanism for determining the position of the crank set is presented. This mechanism provides reference points that allow the averaging of the forces measured in the pedaling cycle, yielding mean values which are more significant. The data gathered from this set are presented in two ways. In the first representation, the average forces are presented as a function of the angular position of the pedal. In the second representation, a vector representation of these average forces is presented at 16 equidistant angular positions. The described system and the different ways for analyzing the acquired data are expected to contribute to the development of research in this area.