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1.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(1): 39-48, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248569

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) es una patología con una alta tasa de morbimortalidad. Los adultos jóvenes, que se ubican entre las edades de 15 a 50 años, representan hasta el 15 % de los casos. Aparte de los factores de riesgo tradicionales, también se observan otros factores como: consumo de cannabis, cocaína y metanfetaminas. La ECV de origen isquémico sigue siendo el evento cerebrovascular más frecuente, sin embargo, el porcentaje del hemorrágico aumenta en comparación con el resto de la población adulta. Otras causas incluyen: malformaciones arteriovenosas, aneurismas, cardiopatía embolica, enfermedades autoinmunes, trombofilias, entre otras patologías. La clínica es muy variada, pudiendo cursar con síndrome piramidal caracterizado por hemiplejia o hemiparesia, alteraciones en la marcha, hiperreflexia, hipertonía e hipotrofia. Además, el paciente puede presentar afasia, crisis epilépticas y síndrome vestibular. Sin embargo, existen casos en los que no se evidencian factores de riesgo clásicos y el diagnóstico etiológico se vuelve un reto, haciendo necesario la realización de estudios más especializados en búsqueda de la patología de base desencadenante. El abordaje terapéutico siempre va a estar acompañado de la detección y el manejo de la causa desencadenante.


SUMMARY Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a pathology with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Young adults, who are between the ages of 15 and 50, account for up to 15 % of cases. Besides the traditional risk factors, other factors are also observed, such as: consumption of cannabis, cocaine and methamphetamines. CVD of ischemic origin continues to be the most frequent cerebrovascular event, however, the hemorrhagic percentage increases compared to the rest of the adult population. Other causes include: arterio-venous malformations, aneurysms, embolic heart disease, autoimmune diseases, thrombophilias, among other pathologies. The symptoms are very varied and can present with pyramidal syndrome characterized by hemiplegia or hemiparesis, gait disturbances, hyperreflexia, hypertonia and hypotrophy. In addition, the patient may present with aphasia, epileptic seizures, and vestibular syndrome. However, there are cases in which no classical risk factors and etiologic diagnosis is evident becomes a challenge, necessitating studies seeking more specialized pathology trigger base. The therapeutic approach will always be accompanied by the detection and management of the triggering cause.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 36(3): 360-366, Jul-Sep/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725497

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common complication of radiographic procedures. Different measures have been used to avoid this damage, but the evidence is controversial. New investigations are required to clarify it. We investigated the efficacy and safety of sodium bicarbonate solution compared with sodium chloride solution to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in patients with or at risk of renal dysfunction. Methods: A prospective, single-center, randomized clinical trial conducted from May 1, 2007 to February 8, 2008. Inpatients in a tertiary center, scheduled to undergo a procedure with the nonionic radiographic contrast agent iohexol. There were 220 patients with serum creatinine levels of at least 1.2 mg/dL (106.1 µmol/L) and/or type 2 diabetics, who were randomized to receive an infusion of sodium chloride (n = 113) or sodium bicarbonate (n = 107) before and after contrast dye administration. The intervention were "A" group received 1 ml/kg/hour of normal saline solution, starting 12 hours before and continuing 12 hours after iohexol contrast. "B" group received 3 ml/kg of sodium bicarbonate solution (150 mEq/L) one hour prior to procedure and then drip rate was decreased to 1 ml/kg/hour until 6 hours post procedure. Our main outcome measure was change in serum creatinine. Results: The mean creatinine value after the procedure was 1.26 mg/dL in the saline group and 1.22 mg/dL in the bicarbonate group (mean difference: 0.036; CI 95%: -0.16 to 0.23, p = 0.865). The diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy, defined by increase in serum creatinine on 25% or more within 2 days after administration of radiographic contrast, was done in twelve patients (12%) in the bicarbonate group and eighth patients (7.1%) in the saline group (RR: 1.68, CI 95%: 0.72 to 3.94). Conclusion: Our investigation showed that there were no differences between normal saline solution (extended infusion) vs. bicarbonate solution ...


Introdução: A nefropatia induzida por contraste é uma complicação comum de procedimentos radiográficos. Medidas diferentes têm sido utilizadas para evitar estes problemas, mas a evidência é controversa. Novos estudos são necessários para esclarecer isso. Investigamos tanto a eficácia quanto a segurança de uma solução de bicarbonato de sódio em comparação com a solução de cloreto de sódio para evitar nefropatia por contraste em pacientes com ou em risco de desenvolver disfunção renal. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado clínico, conduzido em um único centro, entre 01 de maio de 2007 e 8 de fevereiro de 2008. Os pacientes internados em um centro terciário, agendados para passar por um procedimento radiográfico com uso de contraste não iônico., Havia 220 pacientes com níveis de creatinina sérica de pelo menos 1,2 mg/dL (106,1 mmol/L) e/ou diabéticos do tipo 2, que foram escolhidos aleatoriamente para receber uma infusão de cloreto de sódio (n = 113) ou bicarbonato de sódio (n = 107) antes e após a administração do meio de contraste. A intervenção foi: grupo "A" recebeu 1 ml/kg/hora de solução salina normal, começando 12 horas antes e continuando por 12 horas após o uso do contraste iohexol. Os pacientes do grupo "B" receberam 3 ml/kg de uma solução de bicarbonato de sódio (150 mEq/L), 1 hora antes do procedimento e, em seguida, o gotejamento foi reduzido a 1 ml/kg/hora por até 6 horas após o procedimento. Nosso principal indicador de desfecho foi a alteração na creatinina sérica. Resultados: O valor médio da creatinina após o procedimento foi de 1,26 mg/dL no grupo que recebeu a solução salina e 1,22 mg/dL no grupo do bicarbonato (diferença média: ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Sodium Bicarbonate/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 67(2): 178-185, ago. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474883

ABSTRACT

Muchas patologías otológicas como la hipoacusia súbita y la enfermedad de Maniere han sido tratadas con corticoides sistémlcos, los que tienen diversos efectos secundarios potencia/mente graves. Los corticoides intratimpánicos son una alternativa en el tratamiento para estas enfermedades del oído interno, con lo que se podría aumentar su efecto al mejorar el perfil farmacocinético de la droga disminuyendo los efectos adversos sistémicos. Para evaluar la evidencia disponible con respecto a la utilidad y racionalidad del uso de esta terapia se realizó una revisión sistemática respecto al tema. Hay pocos trabajos de buena calidad metodológica, los que muestran una efectividad similar de los corticoides intratimpánicos comparados con los sistémicos en terapia primaria y una superioridad ante placebo en terapia de rescate. Por otra parte hay gran variación en los protocolos de administración de la droga y el tipo de corticoide usado. Considerando la alta tasa de resolución espontánea de las patologías en que se ha probado su uso y los resultadosino siempre concordantes de los estudios es difícil establecer la real utilidad de esta terapia. Se requieren estudios de mayor calidad metodológica que ocupen protocolos estandarizados de administración de corticoides intratimpánicos para definir la mejor aplicación de esta modalidad de terapia.


Many otologic diseases as sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Maniere disease had been treated with systemic corticosteroids, which have many potentially serious adverse effects. The intratympanic corticosteroids are an alternative for the treatment of these diseases of the internal ear, having less systemic adverse events and better pharmacoklnetic profile, which may promote its therapeutic effects. We made a systematic review searching the existing evidence about the utility and rationality of the clinical use of this therapy. The few good quality existing trials show a similar effectiveness of the intratympanic corticosteroids compared with the systemic ones for primary therapy and a superiority compared with placebo for rescue therapy. There is a great variation between the different protocols of administration of the intratympanic corticosteroids and the type of corticosteroid used. Considering the high spontaneous resolution of the symptoms in this pathologies and the disparity between the results in the different trials its difficult to establish the real utility of this therapy More good quality studies with standardized protocols areineeded to determine the best clinical application for this kind of therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Meniere Disease/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Hearing Loss, Sudden/drug therapy , Administration, Topical , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy
8.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 46(1): 61-6, ene.-mar. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-293088

ABSTRACT

Vamos a presentar como objetivo general la experiencia institucional con un grupo de pacientes a quienes se les practicó laparotomía por afecciones ováricas durante la gestación. Específicamente se desea conocer la frecuencia, parámetros para diagnóstico, condiciones maternas al ingreso, indicaciones de la cirugía, preparación preoperatoria, momento de la misma, cuidados postoperatorios, anatomía patológica, evolución de la gestación y morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal. La investigación corresponde a un estudio descriptivo con una corte transversal y una sola medición en una muestra de la población, la cual está integrada por un universo de 6500 pacientes atendidas en el Servicio de Alto Riesgo, desde el 1§ de enero de 1986 al 31 de octubre de 1993. Contamos con 18.8 semanas para el momento de la cirugía. Se utiliza anestesia peridural, no se presentan complicaciones intra o postoperatorias. En el 88.8 por ciento los resultados son compatibles con patología benigna, de los cuales el cistadenoma seroso es el más frecuente y en 11.2 por ciento se encontró neoplasia maligna con un cistadenocarcinoma seroso y un tumor de Krukenberg. Las gestaciones llegan en promedio a las 38.3 por ciento semanas y con un parto espontáneo por vía vaginal en el 81.2 por ciento. Recién nacidos en buenas condiciones y se reporta un caso de mortalidad materna y perinatal por carcinomatosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Ovarian Cysts/surgery , Ovarian Cysts/diagnosis
10.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 50(2): 47-50, ago. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-98398

ABSTRACT

The audiograms of 33 patients suffering from Méniére's disease were studied. A conductive hearing loss was found in about fifty per cent of then. The following criteria was used to consider that a patient had a conductive hearing loss: First, an air-bone gap of at least 20 dB in one frequency, excluding 250 Hz. If in 250 Hz there is an air-bone gap of 20 dB, it is necessary an addtional air-bone gap in other frequency of at least 10 dB. Second, when an air-bone gape of 15 dB exists in one frequency, it must be another air-bone gap of at least 10 dB in other frequency. These conditions must be found in two or more audiograms in the same patient. Two groups were made with the 33 patients. One was conformed by 24 patients that had one or more of the following conditions: 1. A positive glucrol test. 2. Fluctuating hearing loss. It means that the patinte had an improved audiogram in respect to a previous one. 3. An ascending profile in the low frequencies. 3. An ascending profile in the low frequencies. The second group of nine patients had not any of the previous chacracteristics. In the first group the authors found that 62.5% had a conductive hearing loss while in the second group 22.2% had the same condition. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.05). Nine impedanciometric test belonging to eight of the first group and three of equal number of patients of the second group were analyzed. Only few cualitative changes in the tympanometric curve were found. Five of the eight patients of the first group and none of the three patients of the second group showed an increase of the static compliance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Meniere Disease/complications , Hearing Loss, Conductive/etiology , Edema/complications
13.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 47(3): 117-21, dic. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-55026

ABSTRACT

Se realizó la prueba de Fowler (ABLB) a 37 sujetos, otológica y audiológicamente normales, a los que se provocó una hipoacusia de transmisión unilateral mediante la inserción de un protector auditivo. Lo mismo se efectuó en 26 pacientes portadores de una otitis media crónica unilateral en que se condicionó qu el umbral para la vía ósea del oído afectado fuera de 15 dB o menos. Se encontró, según el criterio empleado, porcentajes variables de pruebas con reclutamiento positivo. Consideramos estos porcentajes como falsos positivos. Pensamos que la prueba de Fowler, así como cualquiera otra prueba clínica, es sugerente de lesión coclear pero no excluyente de lesión neural. Por ello nos permitimos recomendar que a pesar que algunas pruebas audiométricas indiquen lesión sensorial, debe completarse el examen con las pruebas de deterioro tonal o fatiga auditiva


Subject(s)
Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Audiometry , Auditory Fatigue/physiology
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