ABSTRACT
Herein, we present results from an ethnobotanical study (from February to August 2009) aiming the improvement and rationalization of medical practices, based on popular use of plants. We applied semi-structured interviews to 220 families from the urban area of Mandaguaçu municipality, Paraná State. During the interviews we recorded the following information about the used plants: common name; plant part used; method of preparation; collection site; therapeutic indication, and known adverse effects. Additionally, we compared the data obtained in the interviews with the literature in order to identify contradiction in use and application. Among the interviewees, 90% use medicinal plants, obtained especially from the backyards. We recorded 44 ethnobotanical citations, comprising 47 species (22 families). The species most frequently mentioned in the interviews were, respectively, Cymbopogon citrates (DC) Stapf. (Lemon grass), Mentha sp. (Mint), Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (False Boldo) and Plectranthus ornatus Codd (Dog bane). The applications most cited were: the treatment of diseases from the digestive tract (122 citations), respiratory (67 citations) and nervous system (40 citations). In general, the population knows the correct method for preparing the medicinal plants. However, they report that do not know any adverse effect caused by these plants. This scenario is worrying
ABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to assess the diet of A. asuncionensis in four streams. Fish samples were carried out monthly from January to December 2003, using electrofishing. Stomach contents of 213 individuals were analyzed, and the diet was described as for occurrence and volumetric percentage of each item combined in a feeding index (IAi). The diet composition, importance of allochthonous and autochthonous resources, and diet breadth (Levins index) were assessed among streams and between seasons (dry and rainy). The diet was composed of 22 feeding items; allochthonous resources (especially insects) dominated the diet in all streams and in both seasons. The highest values of diet breadth were recorded, in general, during the rainy period. These results showed that A. asuncionensis populations are supported by terrestrial food (especially Hymenoptera), indicating the importance of riparian vegetation. Considering that streams differ according to riparian vegetation cover, our results indicate that the maintenance of vegetation and recovery of degraded areas are essential for conservation of this fish species in these streams
A dieta de Astyanax asuncionensis, em riachos da bacia do rio Cuiabá, Estado do Mato Grosso, durante períodos de chuva e seca, foi descrita, sendo suas variações associadas ao grau de integridade da vegetação ciliar. Para isso, foram realizadas amostragens mensais, entre janeiro e dezembro de 2003, em quatro riachos, com o emprego de pesca elétrica. Foram analisados 213 estômagos, e a dieta foi descrita por meio das porcentagens de ocorrência e volume, combinados ao Índice Alimentar (IAi). Os aspectos da dieta abordados consistiram na composição, na origem dos recursos e na amplitude do nicho alimentar (Índice de Levins). O espectro alimentar incluiu 22 itens, sendo que os recursos alóctones dominaram, principalmente insetos, independente do local e período. A amplitude do nicho alimentar foi, em geral, maior no período de chuva. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que essas populações de A. asuncionensis são sustentadas por recursos de origem terrestre, especialmente Hymenoptera e demonstram a importância da mata ciliar no aporte de alimento. Considerando que os riachos apresentam diferentes graus de degradação da mata ciliar, estes resultados indicam que a manutenção da vegetação e a recuperação das áreas degradadas é condição altamente relevante para manutenção desta espécie nestes riachos