ABSTRACT
Introducción: el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es el patógeno causante del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana (SIDA). Su importancia radica en que durante el año 2020 en el mundo 37,6 millones de personas vivían con VIH, y 1,5 millones contrajeron la enfermedad, no existe una vacuna para prevenir su infección. Objetivo: estudiar las publicaciones sobre el desarrollo de las vacunas a nivel mundial usando estadística bibliométrica en el tema VIH y su progresión en los últimos 20 años, haciendo énfasis en el periodo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: se realizó un análisis estadístico bibliométrico, usando la base de datos PubMed (Medline). Para el análisis cualitativo se utilizó la base SCImago. Resultados: se observó un aumento en las publicaciones desde el año 2001, alcanzando un máximo el año 2016. Se consideraron las publicaciones en revistas del primer cuartil, con autores(as) con elevado índice H, con importantes interacciones entre ellos. Desde el año 2017 a la fecha se observa una disminución en el número de artículos publicados. Con este método no es factible, por ahora, determinar que la instalación de la pandemia impacto negativamente en la publicación de artículos de dicho tema. Conclusión: el VIH debería instaurarse como un ítem prioritario en el área científica/médica, esta metodología ofrece amplias posibilidades para profundizar y comprender cómo se está abordando la ciencia y el desarrollo de esta, en particular en cuestión cruciales como es la investigación en vacunas y el VIH.
Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the pathogen that causes human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Its importance lies in the fact that during the year 2020 in the world 37.6 million people lived with HIV, 1.5 million contracted the disease, and there is no vaccine to prevent their infection. Objective: To study the publications on the development of vaccines worldwide using bibliometric statistics on the subject of HIV and its progression in the last 20 years, emphasizing the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: A bibliometric statistical analysis was performed using the PubMed (Medline) database. For the qualitative analysis, the SCImago database was used. Results: An increase in publications was observed since 2001, reaching a maximum in 2016. Publications in first quartile journals were considered, with authors with a high H index, with important interactions between them. From 2017 to date, there has been a decrease in the number of articles published. With this method, it is not feasible, for now, to determine that the installation of the pandemic had a negative impact on the publication of articles on this topic. Conclusion: HIV should be established as a priority item in the scientific/medical area, this methodology offers ample possibilities to deepen and understand how science and its development are being approached, particularly in crucial issues such as vaccine research and the HIV.
ABSTRACT
Background: Short term physical training programs may improve insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Aim: To assess the effects of eight weeks of combined exercise program on serum lipids and glycemic level in women with hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Patients and Methods: Ten healthy women, nine women with hyperglycemia, ten with hypercholesterolemia and nine with hyperglycemia/hypercholesterolemia were studied. Participants were subjected to eight weeks into a program of combined physical exercise (high intensity interval + resistance training). Results: Fasting glycemia decreased by 12 and 14% in hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic/hypercholesterolemic participants, respectively. Serum insulin decreased in all groups in a range from 27 to 37%. HOMA IR for insulin resistance decreased similarly. A significant decrease in TC and TG was observed only in those altered baseline subjects. Conclusions: Eight weeks of combined physical exercise had a favorable effect on insulin resistance in this group of women.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Exercise/physiology , Hypercholesterolemia/blood , Hyperglycemia/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Composition , Case-Control Studies , Hypercholesterolemia/physiopathology , Hyperglycemia/physiopathology , Insulin/blood , Lipids/blood , Resistance TrainingABSTRACT
Background: High intensity training could be an effective way of improving health on individuals at high metabolic risk. Aim: To investigate the effects of a high intensity training intervention on metabolic-related markers in sedentary women at high metabolic risk. Material and Methods: Forty six sedentary women with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m² were assigned to four groups, according to their metabolic profile; hyperglycemia (H, n = 12), hyperglycemia/hypercholesterolemia (HH, n = 13), normoglycemia (N, n = 10) and normoglycemia/hypercholesterolemia (NH, n = 11). For 12 weeks and five days per week, subjects performed seven intervals of high intensity training (20 to 30 seconds) during a training session of 20 minutes. Anthropometric (body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference) and metabolic variables (glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and TG) were measured at baseline, at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. Results: BMI and waist circumference decreased significantly after 12 weeks of intervention. Similarly, glucose decreased significantly after 12 weeks of intervention in all groups. The reduction was of higher magnitude in those groups with hyperglycemia (H = -16%, HH = -22%, N = -7,5%, NH = -9,6%). However, lipid profile (TG, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL) improved significantly only in the hypercholesterolemic groups. Conclusions: Physical activity programs incorporating high intensity training can improve glucose and lipid profile in women with metabolic disorders. Moreover, this benefit is greatest in those individuals with highest metabolic burden.