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1.
Estud. Psicol. (Campinas, Online) ; 40: e210194, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1520908

ABSTRACT

Objective The present study aimed to identify the risk and protective factors for the development of stress in a random and stratified sample of Brazilian federal highway police officers in the state of São Paulo (N = 202). Method The instruments used were a General Questionnaire (sociodemographic and occupational variables) and Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory for Adults. The prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association and the independent variables were organized into 8 models and inserted into a logistic regression model. Results A stress prevalence of 43.1% (95% CI = 36.2-50.0) was found, with most of the sample in the resistance phase (82.7%). The factors related to stress were leisure, educational level, degree of job satisfaction, low remuneration, suicidal ideations, insomnia, lack of training, and work-family conflict. Conclusion The results can influence actions aimed at controlling stress.


Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou identificar os fatores de risco e proteção para o desenvolvimento de estresse numa amostra aleatória e estratificada de policiais rodoviários federais do estado de São Paulo (N = 202). Método: Utilizou-se os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Geral (variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais) e Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL). A razão de prevalência foi utilizada como medida de associação, e as variáveis independentes foram organizadas em 8 modelos e inseridas em um modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Foi encontrada a prevalência de estresse de 43,1% (95% IC = 36,2-50,0), com a maioria da amostra na fase de resistência (82,7%). Os fatores relacionados ao estresse foram lazer, formação acadêmica, grau de satisfação com o trabalho, remuneração incompatível, ideação suicida, insônia, falta de treinamento e conflito trabalho-família. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os resultados podem influenciar em ações que visem controlar o estresse.


Subject(s)
Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Police , Protective Factors
2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984754

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with traffic motorcycles accidents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 285 motorcycle accident victims in São Paulo. Data were collected from 24-hour emergency service shifts regarding: conditions of the victims, security equipment, road and vehicle conditions. RESULTS: Victims were mostly young men (92%); 23% used the motorcycle for work (average: 8 hours per day); 45% had owned a motorcycle for less than two years; 77% were licensed motorcycle drivers; 33% had less than four years of qualification; 31% had attended a course of defensive driving. Severe lesions were identified in 67% of the unlicensed drivers. Polytrauma occurred in 9% head trauma in 5% of the entire population. Lower limb fractures occurred more frequently than upper limb (17% vs. 12%). Most wore helmets (90%) but only 18% wore helmet, boots and jacket. Positive readings for alcohol (7%) and drugs (14%) occurred in 21% of victims. Most accidents occurred as a consequence of imprudence (88%), during the day (67%), in dry weather conditions (94%). A side impact was registered in 48% of cases; 80% of motorcycles had an engine capacity up to 250 cc. In 51% of the accidents the person responsible for the accident was the driver of the other vehicle in the accident. CONCLUSION: Most accidents involve motorcyclists who are young male adults, use the motorcycle as a means of transport and do not consider safety, defensive driving and the use of alcohol and drugs as important factors.


OBJETIVOS: Avaliar fatores associados com acidentes de trânsito com motocicletas. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 285 vítimas de acidente de motocicleta em São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados em plantões nas unidades de emergência. Foram coletadas informações sobre: condições das vítimas, uso de equipamentos de segurança, condições de estrada e veículo. RESULTADOS: As vítimas eram principalmente homens jovens (92%); 23% usavam a motocicleta para o trabalho (média: 8 horas por dia); 45% possuíam a motocicleta por menos de dois anos; 77% tinham habilitação para dirigir; 33% tinham menos de quatro anos de habilitação; 31% tinham feito curso de direção defensiva. Lesões graves foram identificadas em 67% dos motoristas não habilitados. Houve politraumatismo em 9% das vítimas e traumatismo craniano em 5% da população avaliada. Fraturas de membros inferiores ocorreram mais frequentemente do em membros superiores (17% contra 12%). A maioria usava capacetes (90%), mas apenas 18% usava capacete, botas e jaqueta. Dosagens positivas de álcool (7%) e drogas (14%) foram vistas e totalizaram 21% de todas as vítimas. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu como consequência de imprudência (88%), durante o dia (67%) e sem chuva (94%). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos acidentes envolve vítimas do sexo masculino, adultos, que usam a motocicleta como meio de transporte e não consideram equipamentos de segurança, condução defensiva e o consumo de álcool e drogas fatores importantes para prevenção dos acidentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Motorcycles , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors for Traffic Accidents , Traffic Victims , Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Roads , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Emergency Service, Hospital , Binge Drinking , Accidental Injuries/epidemiology , Truck Drivers , Hospitalization
3.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 41: 1-9, Dec. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-880585

ABSTRACT

Obesity prevalence has increased worldwide over the last decades and has reached alarming rates in low middle-income countries. Childhood has been affected by this epidemic, leading to premature dramatic health problems. Adipose tissue is currently considered as an endocrine organ modulating an inflammatory state and important metabolic processes (insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance) leading to consequences of the cardiovascular system. This situation may be worst if the excess of body fat distribution such as abdominal obesity (AO) is involved because it is associated with a more atherogenic risk profile determining the cardiometabolic risks mainly in children and adolescents. Hence, the knowledge regarding the association between AO and cardiometabolic factors aims to prevent and treat the obesity in this young population, avoiding early harmful consequences of adulthood health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Obesity, Abdominal/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome
4.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(1): 124-132, jan. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-505615

ABSTRACT

O estudo objetivou avaliar associação entre via de parto e complicações maternas. Realizou-se coorte retrospectiva com partos ocorridos durante o ano de 2003, em um hospital público. As complicações avaliadas foram: infecção, hemorragia, histerectomia, rotura uterina, lesão de órgão contíguo, trombose venosa profunda e embolia pulmonar. Utilizou-se a odds ratio (OR) e os testes de qui-quadrado de Pearson e de Fisher, além da regressão logística. Estabeleceu-se o nível de 0,05 como significante. Foram encontradas 15 complicações. Tomando-se o parto vaginal como referência, encontrou-se associação entre cesárea e as complicações tomadas em conjunto. Analisando-se variáveis confundidoras, encontrou-se associação das complicações com hipertensão, soropositividade para HIV, placenta prévia e descolamento prematuro de placenta. Após controle para estas quatro variáveis, manteve-se a associação entre cesárea e complicações (OR = 9,7; p = 0,04). Encontrou-se também associação entre complicações e cesárea eletiva comparada ao parto vaginal (OR = 4,7; p = 0,02), e maior proporção de complicações, no limite da significância estatística, nas cesáreas eletivas comparadas à "tentativa de parto vaginal" (OR = 3; p = 0,058). Conclui-se que a cesárea associa-se a complicações maternas, mesmo após a realização de vários ajustes.


The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between mode of delivery and maternal complications, based on a retrospective cohort of all births at a public hospital in 2003. Complications included: infection, hemorrhage, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, lesions in adjacent organs, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The analysis used odds ratio (OR), chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test, besides logistic regression. Fifteen complications were identified. Taking vaginal delivery as the reference, an association was found between cesarean section and overall complications. Analysis of confounding showed an association between hypertension, HIV, placenta previa, and abruptio placentae. After controlling for these variables, an association remained between overall complications and cesarean section (OR = 9.7; p = 0.04). Another analysis comparing elective cesareans and vaginal deliveries also showed an increased risk for cesarean (OR = 4.7; p = 0.02). Finally, comparing elective cesareans with trial of labor, we found an increased proportion of complications in elective cesareans, with borderline significance (OR = 3; p = 0.058). We concluded that cesarean section is associated with maternal morbidity, even after controlling for confounders.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects , Obstetric Labor Complications/etiology , Abruptio Placentae/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hospitals, Public , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hysterectomy/statistics & numerical data , Obstetric Labor Complications/epidemiology , Placenta Previa/epidemiology , Postpartum Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Postpartum Hemorrhage/etiology , Risk Factors , Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Young Adult
5.
Clinics ; 64(9): 857-866, 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-526325

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate crack cocaine use practices, risk behaviors associated with HIV infection among drug users, and their involvement with violence. INTRODUCTION: HIV infections are frequent among drug users due to risky sexual behavior. It is generally accepted that crack cocaine use is related to increased levels of violence. Several reports point to an increase in violence from those involved in drug trafficking. Although HIV infections and risky sexual behavior among drug users have been quite well studied, there are few studies that evaluate violence as it relates to drugs, particularly crack. METHODS: A total of 350 drug users attending drug abuse treatment clinics in São Paulo, Brazil were interviewed about their risky behaviors. Each patient had a serological HIV test done. RESULTS: HIV prevalence was 6.6 percent (4.0 to 10.2). Violence was reported by 97 percent (94.7 to 99.1) of the subjects (including cases without personal involvement). Acts of violence such as verbal arguments, physical fights, threats, death threats, theft, and drug trafficking were significantly higher among crack users. A decrease in frequency of sexual intercourse was observed among users of injected drugs, though prostitution was observed as a means of obtaining drugs. A high number of crack cocaine users had a history of previous imprisonment, many for drug-related infractions. DISCUSSION: The data presented are in accordance with other reports in the literature, and they show a correlation between drug use, imprisonment, violence, and drug trafficking. CONCLUSION: A high HIV prevalence and associated risky sexual behaviors were observed among crack cocaine users. The society and the authorities that deal with violence related to crack users and drug trafficking should be aware of these problems.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Crack Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Epidemiologic Methods , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/etiology , Young Adult
6.
São Paulo med. j ; 126(3): 166-171, May 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489016

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The success of vaccination campaigns depends on the degree of adherence to immunization initiatives and schedules. Risk factors associated with children's failure to receive the measles vaccine at the correct age were studied in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control and exploratory study, in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. METHODS: The caregivers of 122 children were interviewed regarding their perceptions and understanding about the measles vaccination and the disease. RESULTS: The results showed that age, region of residence, marital status and education level were unrelated to taking measles vaccines adequately. Most individuals remembered being informed about the last annual vaccination campaign by television, but no communication channel was significantly associated with vaccination status. The answers to questions about knowledge of the disease or the vaccine, when analyzed alone, were not associated with taking measles vaccinations at the time indicated by health agencies. The results showed that, when parents felt sorry for their children who were going to receive shots, they delayed the vaccination. Most of the children did not take the measles vaccination on the exactly recommended date, but delayed or anticipated the shots. CONCLUSION: It is clear that there is no compliance with the government's recommended measles vaccination schedule (i.e. first dose at nine and second at 15 months of age, as recommended in 1999 and 2000). Feeling sorry for the children receiving shots can delay vaccination taking.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O sucesso das campanhas de vacinação depende da adesão às iniciativas e ao calendário de imunização. Fatores de risco associados com não tomar a vacina contra o sarampo na idade recomendada foram estudados na cidade de São Paulo. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo caso-controle e exploratório, realizado na área metropolitana de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Cuidadores de 122 crianças foram entrevistados sobre sua percepção e compreensão sobre a vacina contra o sarampo e sobre a doença. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que idade, região de residência, status marital ou nível educacional não se relacionaram com a tomada adequada das vacinas contra o sarampo. A maioria dos indivíduos lembrou-se de ter sido informada sobre a última campanha nacional de vacinação na televisão, mas nenhum canal de comunicação se associou significativamente com o status vacinal. As respostas às questões sobre conhecimentos a respeito da doença e da vacina, quando analisadas em separado, não se associaram à tomada das vacinas nas datas indicadas pelas instituições de saúde. Os resultados mostraram que quando os pais sentiam dó ao verem os filhos tomando as injeções, eles atrasavam a vacinação por pelo menos 20 dias. A maioria das crianças não toma a vacina contra o sarampo exatamente no dia recomendado, mas atrasa ou antecipa as injeções. CONCLUSÃO: Esta claro que não há aderência ao calendário governamental recomendado de vacinação contra o sarampo (i.e. primeira dose aos 9 e segunda dose aos 15 meses de idade, como recomendado em 1999 e 2000). Sentir pena de ver a criança recebendo uma injeção pode atrasar a tomada da vacina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Immunization Schedule , Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage , Measles/prevention & control , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Communication , Immunization Programs , Refusal to Participate/psychology , Urban Population
7.
São Paulo med. j ; 126(2): 132-139, Mar. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484524

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Uterine cervical ectopy (cervical erosion) is today considered to be a physiological condition, but there still seems to be a strong tendency towards treating it. The purpose of this study was to review the medical literature for evidence regarding benefits from treating cervical ectopy. METHODS: The following databases were reviewed: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) and Cochrane Library databases. In addition, six medical textbooks were consulted. RESULTS: The review showed that: 1) there is probably an association between ectopy and higher risk of Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infection; 4) there is probably an association between ectopy and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; 5) there is an association between ectopy and mucous discharge and nocturia; and 6) there is no evidence of an association between ectopy and cervical cancer, or of protection against cervical cancer associated with ectopy treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 1) No data were found in the medical literature to support routine treatment for ectopy; 2) Treatment could be recommended for symptom relief, but more symptoms are attributed to ectopy than could be demonstrated in a controlled study; 3) Further studies to test the hypothesis of protection against cervical cancer associated with treatment are necessary.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A ectopia do colo do útero é hoje considerada um fenômeno fisiológico, mas parece ainda haver uma forte tendência no sentido da intervenção (tratamento). Este estudo se propõe a realizar revisão da literatura buscando evidências de benefícios conseqüentes ao tratamento da ectopia. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sysem Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Literatura Latino-Americane e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Cochrane e seis livros especializados. RESULTADOS: A revisão mostrou que: 1) existe provavelmente associação de ectopia com infecção cervical por Chlamydia trachomatis, pelo vírus HPV e maior risco de soroconversão para HIV; 2) existe provavelmente associação entre ectopia e neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical; 3) existe associação com mucorréia e nictúria; 4) não existem evidências sobre associação entre ectopia e câncer de colo do útero nem sobre proteção contra este câncer proporcionada pelo tratamento da ectopia. CONCLUSÕES: 1) Não foram encontrados na literatura dados que justifiquem o tratamento rotineiro da ectopia; 2) O tratamento pode ser utilizado para tratar sintomas associados à ectopia, porém mais sintomas são atribuídos à ectopia do que se pôde confirmar em um estudo controlado; 3) Seriam necessários novos estudos para testar a hipótese de proteção contra o câncer de colo proporcionada pelo tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Cautery , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Erosion/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Brazil , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/etiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/prevention & control , Chlamydia Infections/complications , Chlamydia Infections/pathology , Electrocoagulation , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/pathology , Information Storage and Retrieval/methods , Metaplasia/pathology , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/etiology , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology , Uterine Cervical Erosion/microbiology , Uterine Cervical Erosion/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Young Adult
8.
Rev. saúde pública ; 41(supl.2): 101-108, dez. 2007. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470615

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência do HIV e identificar comportamentos sexuais de risco para a infecção em gestantes que realizaram rotina da assistência pré-natal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em registros de atendimentos de 8.002 gestantes (25 por cento do total dos municípios) residentes em 27 municípios da Região Sul do Brasil, em 2003, que realizaram testes anti-HIV em Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento que realizavam pré-natal. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas e comportamentais, além dos resultados de testes para sífilis e HIV, nas consultas de aconselhamento individual registradas em banco de dados do Sistema de Informações dos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento. Foram excluídas da base de dados as gestantes que buscaram os Centros para confirmação de sorologia anterior e aquelas encaminhadas ao serviço por apresentarem sintomas de Aids. RESULTADOS: Do total de gestantes estudadas, 0,5 por cento (IC 95 por cento=0,3-0,6) foram positivas para o HIV. A única variável associada com a soropositividade para o HIV foi o nível de escolaridade. A maioria das gestantes se expôs basicamente por meio de relações sexuais sem preservativos com o parceiro único com quem mantinham relação estável. As gestantes mais jovens, solteiras, desempregadas e de menor escolaridade constituíram o grupo de maior exposição. CONCLUSÕES: O Sistema de Informações dos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento revelou-se útil à vigilância epidemiológica da infecção pelo HIV e dos comportamentos de risco no segmento de gestantes e pode vir a sê-lo em relação a outras populações.


OBJECTIVE: To estimate HIV prevalence and identify high-risk sexual behavior for infection in pregnant women who were given prenatal assistance. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on attendance records of 8,002 pregnant women (25 percent of all municipalities) who lived in 27 municipalities in Southern Brazil in 2003 and had anti-HIV tests done in a testing and counseling center that performed prenatal assistance. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were gathered, as well as syphilis and HIV test results, during the individual counseling sessions registered in the data bank of the Sistema de Informações dos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (Information System on Testing and Counseling Centers). Women who sought the centers for confirmation of previous serology or were referred to this service due to the presence of AIDS symptoms were excluded from the data base. RESULTS: A total of 0.5 percent of all the pregnant women analyzed (CI 95 percent=0.3;0.6) were HIV positive. The only variable associated with HIV seropositivity was schooling. The majority of them were basically exposed through unprotected sexual intercourse with the only partner they had a steady relationship with. Younger pregnant women who were single, unemployed and had lower level of education constituted the group with highest exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The Sistema de Informações dos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento turned out to be useful for the epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection and high-risk behavior among pregnant women and could also be useful as regards other populations.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Prenatal Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Risk Factors , Pregnancy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Epidemiological Monitoring , Cross-Sectional Studies
9.
In. Mesquita, Fábio; Seibel, Sérgio. Consumo de drogas: desafios e perspectivas. São Paulo, Hucitec, 2000. p.21-53. (SaúdeLoucura [textos], 14).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-315644

ABSTRACT

Procura caracterizar os usuários de drogas injetáveis em suas comunidades e definir fatores de risco para infecções pelo HIV, HTLV I/II e hepatite B e C (DV)


Subject(s)
Hepatitis, Viral, Human , HIV Infections , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
10.
In. Mesquita, Fábio; Seibel, Sérgio. Consumo de drogas: desafios e perspectivas. São Paulo, Hucitec, 2000. p.55-66. (SaúdeLoucura [textos], 14).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-315645

ABSTRACT

Procura caracterizar os usuários de drogas injetáveis em suas comunidades e definir fatores de risco para infecções pelo HIV, sífilis e hepatite C (DV)


Subject(s)
Hepatitis C , HIV , Illicit Drugs , Syphilis
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