Interictal hyposexuality in male patients with epilepsy

The purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of androgens between hyposexual and non-hyposexual patients with epilepsy. Adult male patients with epilepsy were investigated. Serum levels of testosterone (T) and free-T, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured and the free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. While there were no differences between hyposexual and non-hyposexual patients in the serum levels of T, free-T, and estradiol, or to the FAI, the serum levels of SHBG were significantly higher in hyposexual patients than in non-hyposexual patients. Thus, the effects of increased SHBG upon serum levels of testosterone biologically active in patients with epilepsy and hyposexuality were not detected by the methods used in this study. Four (44 percent) of nine hyposexual patients who were re-evaluated after two years follow-up improved sexual performance. Thus, clinical treatment that results in good seizure control may improve sexual performance in some patients with epilepsy

Physiological aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi gene regulation during heat-shock

Investigations on the conditions of heat-shock response in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, showed that at 37 degrees C, one of the heat-shock temperatures employed, the parasites from 48 h culture do not display a classical response to the heat treatment, since a general increase in RNA and protein synthesis was detected. The classical heat-shock response was detected only at 40 degrees C. The data also suggest that the heat shock proteins (HSP) mRNA population is sufficient to maintain protein synthesis at a high rate for at least 1 h and, to maintain the same rate of response for a longer period, transcription is necessary. The half life of HSP 70 mRNA is less than 3 h at 37 degrees C. The protein synthesized during the first hour of the heat shock at 37 degrees C is stable for at least 24 h. The parasite seems to be able to reuse the stock of HSP mRNAs stored during the first thermal shock to respond to a second heat treatment. These data are discussed bearing in mind other cell types

The heat-shock response in Trypanosoma cruzi and Crithidia fasciculata

Molecular aspects of heat-shock response were investigated in monogenetic and digenetic members of the Trypanosomatidae and the data obtained compared. Trypanosoma cruzi and Crithidia fasciculata differ in the number of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) induced and in the range of supra-optimal temperature induction of these proteins. Whereas low molecular weight Hsps were induced by high temperature in Crithidia, this effect was only seen in T. cruzi after ethanol treatment. The 61 kDa peptide of T. cruzi, induced by heat, was characterized as a HSP60 family member by Western blot using a Mycobacterium polyclonal anti-HSP60 antibody. The HSP61 aa. sequence, deduced from the isolated HSP60 gene and its mRNA product were characterized. The predicted aa. sequence has shown the presence of a mitochondrial peptide leader and no large domains of aa. sequence conservation were found when compared to other known HSP60, in contrast to what is observed in HSP70. Furthermore, the HSP60 gene is apparently conserved in T. cruzi, C. fascilulata and Leishmania as suggested by genomic Southern blot analysis.

Atraçäo miraxonal exercida por Biomphalaria straminea, Lymnaea columella e Physa sp, sobre miracídios de Schistosoma mansoni da linhagem BH / Miracidial atraction by Biomphalaria straminea, Lymnaea columella and physa sp upon miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni BH strain

Utilizando-se um artefato de vidro composto de duas câmaras unidas por um canal, testamos a atraçäo miraxonal exercida por Biomphalaria straminea, Lymnaea columella e Physa sp, sobre larvas de Schistosoma mansoni da linhagem BH. Os moluscos, ou suas águas de condicionamento (SCW), foram colocadas aleatoriamente em uma das câmaras, contendo o restante do artefato somente água declorada. Dez miracídios foram depositados no centro do canal. O comportamento dos miracídios foi observado por 15min. Foram feitas dez replicaçöes de cada experimento, utilizando-se espécimens de moluscos e miracídios diferentes. Verificou-se que todos os moluscos e suas SCW exerceram atraçäo miraxonal, sendo que Physa sp atraiu mais que Lymnaea columella. Foi isolado um único exemplar de B. straminea que exerceu efeito repulsivo sobre os miracídios de S.mansoni

The epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis mansoni where Biomphalaria tenagophila is the snail host

Desde 1980, está-se estudando a epidemiologia e o controle da esquistossomose mansônica no Município de Pedro de Toledo (Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil). Em 1980 a prevalência avaliada por exame de fezes (métodos de Kato-Katz) foi de 22,8%. Estatisticamente, ao nível de 5%, näo houve diferença nas prevalências observadas nas zonas rural e urbana. A intensidade de infecçäo foi baixa (média geométrica de 58,5 ovos por grama de fezes). As maiores prevalências e intensidades de infecçäo foram registradas na faixa etária de 5 a 29 anos. Geralmente a transmissäo da endemia verificou-se durante o lazer. Apenas 0,4% de B. tenagophila mostraram-se positivos para cercárias de S. mansoni. A maioria dos portadores era assintomático. O programa de controle foi intensificado após avaliaçäo dos dados de 1980, resultando em diminuiçäo acentuada da prevalência de 22,8% em 1980 para 6%. Esta prevalência residual vem se mantendo ate 1987. Agora iniciamos estudos para investigar as possíveis causas dessa prevalência residual.

Extrusion cooking effects on hydration properties of manioc starch

Extruded manioc starch was analysed for water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). Effects of extrusion temperature, feed moisture, screw speed and die diameter were studied applying surface response methodology. Moisture and temperature were the significant variables on WSI while WAI was also affected by screw speed. Maximum WAI was observed at 164-C, 24.7% moisture and 85.5 rpm. The higher values for WSI were obtained at low moisture and high temperature conditions