Identificação de fatores de risco para apneia obstrutiva do sono após adenotonsilectomia: estudo piloto / Identification of risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsilectomy: pilot study / Identificación de factores de riesgo para apneia obstructiva del sueño después adenotonsilectomía: estudio piloto

Objetivo: identificar possíveis fatores de risco para a ocorrência de distúrbios respiratórios obstrutivos graves no pós-operatório imediato da adenotonsilectomia - AT. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e de caráter observacional, realizado em 2014. Participaram crianças em rotina cirúrgica de AT. A avaliação consistiu no questionário respondido pelos pais (dados pessoais e clínicos), avaliação clínica da criança (oroscopia) e o exame de polissonografia (antes e após a AT). Resultados: foram avaliadas 30 crianças com queixas de obstrução nasal (73,33%), respiração oral (96,66%) e ronco (100%). Na avaliação clínica, observou-se palato em ogiva (75,86%) e hipertrofia das tonsilas palatinas de grau 3 (62%). Antes da cirurgia, 40% da amostra foi diagnosticada com AOS grave, e, após a cirurgia, 10% apresentou AOS grave. Houve tendência para o grau da hipertrofia das tonsilas, tabagismo passivo, IVAS (infecções das vias aéreas superiores) e fácies adenoideana se correlacionarem com a AOS grave. Conclusão: a polissonografia demonstrou elevada frequência de AOS grave prévia à AT, além de elevada frequência de eventos respiratórios obstrutivos após a cirurgia com potencial para complicações respiratórias.

Objective: to identify possible risk factors for the occurrence of severe obstructive respiratory disorders in the immediate postoperative period of adenotonsillectomy - AT. Method: in a descriptive prospective study we invited children with indication of AT, held in 2014. Demographic data and clinical symptoms were collected, beside data of tonsil size, craniofacial configurations. All children realized a polysomnography the night before surgery and the night after. Results: 30 children were included, who presented complaints nasal obstruction (73.33%), mouth breathing (96.66%) and snoring (100%). Hypertrophy of the tonsil size 3 was observed in 62%, high palate in 75.86%. Before surgery, in 40% of the children had the diagnosis of severe OSA, in 10% severe OSA was seen after surgery. There was a tendency of association of severe OSA to hypertrophy of the tonsils, passive tabagism, infections of UA and adenoid face. Conclusion: based on polysmnopraphy before surgery, a high frequency of severe OSA was diagnosed. At post-operative polysomnography, severe obstructive apneas were observed in a high percentage, which may induce to respiratory complications after surgery.

Objetivo: identificar posibles factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de disturbios respiratorios obstructivos graves en el postoperatorio inmediato de la adenotonsilectomía - AT. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y de carácter observacional, realizado en 2014. Participaron niños en rutina quirúrgica de AT. La evaluación consistió en el cuestionario respondido por los padres (datos personales y clínicos), evaluación clínica del niño (oroscopia) y el examen de polisomnografía (antes y después de la AT). Resultados: se evaluaron 30 niños con quejas de obstrucción nasal (73,33%), respiración oral (96,66%) y ronquido (100%). En la evaluación clínica, se observó palato en ojiva (75,86%) e hipertrofia de las amigdalinas palatinas de grado 3 (62%). Antes de la cirugía, el 40% de la muestra fue diagnosticada con AOS grave, y después de la cirugía, el 10% presentó AOS grave. Se observó una tendencia al grado de la hipertrofia de las amigdalitas, el tabaquismo pasivo, IVAS (infecciones de las vías aéreas superiores) y las fáciles adenoideanas se correlacionan con la AOS grave. Conclusión: la polisomnografía mostró una elevada frecuencia de AOS grave previa a la AT, además de una elevada frecuencia de eventos respiratorios

Initial basal cell carcinomas diagnosed in the National Campaign for Skin Cancer Prevention are smaller than those identified by the conventional medical referral system

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma is the malignant tumor most often diagnosed in the National Campaign for Skin Cancer Prevention (NCSCP). Little is known about the profile of these lesions compared to the profile of lesions diagnosed by conventional routes of public dermatological care. OBJECTIVE: To identify if basal cell carcinomas identified in prevention campaigns and referred to surgery are smaller than those routinely removed in a same medical institution. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including tumors routed from 2011-2014 campaigns and 84 anatomopathological reports of outpatients. RESULTS: The campaigns identified 223 individuals with suspicious lesions among 2,531 examinations (9%), with 116 basal cell carcinomas removed. Anatomopathological examinations revealed that the primary lesions identified in the national campaigns were smaller than those referred to surgery by the conventional routes of public health care (28 [13-50] x 38 [20-113] mm2, p <0.01). On the other hand, after a mean follow-up of 15.6 ± 10.3 months, 31% of cases identified in campaigns showed new basal cell carcinoma lesions. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study and inaccuracies in the measurements of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The NCSCP promotes an earlier treatment of basal cell carcinomas compared to patients referred to surgery by the conventional routes of public health care, which can result in lower morbidity rates and better prognosis.