ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background Obesity is characterized by a deposition of abnormal or excessive fat in adipose tissue, and is linked with a risk of damage to several metabolic and pathological processes associated with oxidative stress. To date, salivary oxidative biomarkers have been minimally explored in obese individuals. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of salivary oxidative biomarkers (ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, sulfhydryl groups) and lipid peroxidation in obese and overweight young subjects. Materials and methods Levels of lipid peroxidation, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, and SH groups were determined in the saliva and serum of 149 young adults, including 54 normal weight, 27 overweight, and 68 obese individuals. Anthropometric measurements were also evaluated. Results Salivary levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, sulfhydryl groups, and lipid peroxidation, as well as serum levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, and lipid peroxidation were higher in obese patients when compared with individuals with normal weight. There were correlations between salivary and serum ferric-reducing antioxidant power and salivary and serum uric acid in the obese and normal-weight groups. Conclusions Our results indicate that the increase in salivary levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, sulfhydryl groups, and lipid peroxidation, and serum levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, uric acid, and lipid peroxidation could be related to the regulation of various processes in the adipose tissue. These findings may hold promise in identifying new oxidative markers to assist in diagnosing and monitoring overweight and obese patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Saliva/metabolism , Saliva/chemistry , Uric Acid/analysis , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Overweight/blood , Antioxidants/analysis , Obesity/blood , Oxidation-Reduction , Reference Values , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Anthropometry , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Statistics, Nonparametric , Oxidative Stress/physiologyABSTRACT
Introdução: O tecido adiposo é um importante órgão endócrino secretor de adipocinas como a interleucina-6 (IL-6), que estimula a produção de proteínas de fase aguda no fígado, conduzindo a um estado inflamatório subclínico associado ao surgimento de comorbidades presentes na obesidade, como a resistência à insulina (RI). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a concentração de IL-6 em jovens obesos, com sobrepeso e de peso normal, correlacionando as concentrações dessa citocina com biomarcadores de RI. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal que envolveu 149 indivíduos: 54 saudáveis (32 mulheres e 22 homens), 27 com sobrepeso (17 mulheres e 10 homens) e 68 obesos (41 mulheres e 27 homens). As medidas antropométricas e as concentrações de IL-6, insulina, hemoglobina glicada e glicose foram determinadas, assim como os cálculos do Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA) e da sensibilidade insulínica (SI). Resultados: Pacientes obesos mostraram níveis de IL-6, glicose, insulina e HOMA significativamente superiores e redução da SI quando comparados com pacientes de peso normal. Correlações positivas foram observadas entre IL-6, glicose, insulina e HOMA. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a IL-6 pode ter um papel-chave no desenvolvimento da RI em obesos e que o aumento de sua produção pode contribuir para a inflamação do tecido adiposo e interferir significativamente na atividade da insulina. Embora mais estudos clínicos sejam necessários para elucidar os reais mecanismos de interferência da IL-6 sobre a SI, sugere-se que essa citocina poderá ser, no futuro, uma determinação importante para avaliar e monitorar a RI em obesos jovens (AU)
Introduction: Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ responsible for secretion of adipokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which stimulates the production of acute phase proteins in the liver, leading to a proinflammatory condition associated with the development of comorbidities in obesity, such as insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the IL-6 concentration in obese, overweight, and normal-weight young adults, correlating the concentrations of this cytokine with IR biomarkers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 149 subjects: 54 healthy subjects (32 women and 22 men), 27 overweight subjects (17 women and 10 men) and 68 obese subjects (41 women and 27 men). The anthropometric measures and IL-6, insulin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin concentrations were determined, as well as HOMA and insulin sensitivity levels. Results: Obese patients showed significantly higher IL-6 levels of glucose, insulin, and HOMA and lower SI compared with normal-weight patients. Positive correlations were observed between IL-6, glucose, insulin, and HOMA. Conclusions: The present study suggests that IL-6 may have a key role in the development of IR in obese patients, and increasing its production can contribute to inflammation in adipose tissue and significantly interfere with insulin activity. Although further clinical studies are needed to elucidate the actual IL-6 interference mechanisms on SI, we believe that this cytokine may be an important factor to evaluate and monitor IR in obese young adults in the future (AU)