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1.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(1,supl.1): 101-105, mayo 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248586

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La histoplasmosis cerebral primaria es poco frecuente, en la mayoría de los casos se presenta en forma secundaria a la diseminación desde un foco primario pulmonar. El histoplasma es un hongo dimórfico y endémico que ha sido identificado en Estados Unidos, Canadá, México, Centro y Sudamérica, y es menos común en África, Asia y Europa. La infección se produce por la inhalación inadvertida de las conidias contenidas en los cuerpos fructíferos; el pulmón es el sitio de infección primaria. De las infecciones documentadas por histoplasma en individuos inmunocompetentes, entre el 50 % y el 90 % son asintomáticas, y de las infecciones sintomáticas, el 80 % no requiere terapia y resuelve en forma espontánea; sin embargo, el histoplasma puede diseminarse por toda la economía, incluyendo el sistema nervioso central (SNC). La presentación clínica de histoplasmosis con compromiso del SNC es inespecífica y puede simular otras patologías más comunes. El diagnóstico es particularmente difícil en casos en los que solamente se presenta compromiso aislado del SNC. La histoplasmosis diseminada conlleva un alto riesgo de mortalidad; el tratamiento consta de una fase de inducción seguida de una fase de mantenimiento.


SUMMARY Primary cerebral histoplasmosis is rare and in the majority of cases presents in secondary to dissemination from a primary pulmonary focus. Histoplasma is a dimorphic and endemic fungus. It has been identified in the United States, Canada, central Mexico and South America and is less common in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The infection is caused by inadvertent inhalation of the conidia contained in the fruiting bodies, the lung is the site of primary infection. Of documented histoplasma infections in individuals immunocompetent, between 50 % and 90 % are asymptomatic, and of symptomatic infections, 80 % do not require therapy and resolve spontaneously, however, histoplasma can spread throughout the economy including the central nervous system (CNS). The presentation Histoplasmosis with CNS involvement is nonspecific and can mimic other most common pathologies. Diagnosis is particularly difficult in cases where it only presents isolated CNS involvement. Disseminated histoplasmosis carries a high risk of mortality; treatment consists of an induction phase followed by a maintenance.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 35(1): 30-35, ene.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-989195

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El virus de Epstein Barr (VEB) infecta a cerca del 90 % de las personas en la primera década de vida y, como los demás herpes virus, se mantiene en estado de latencia con riesgo de reactivaciones posteriores. La infección por VEB puede tener un curso asintomático o causar mononucleosis infecciosa (MI), especialmente en adolescentes y adultos. Rara vez, es responsable de infecciones en el sistema nervioso central como encefalitis, cerebelitis, mielitis, neuritis, encefalomielitis aguda diseminada y, más comúnmente, en relación con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), relacionado con el linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (SNQ. La encefalitis por VEB no difiere en su presentación clínica de las demás encefalitis virales. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante detección serológica de anticuerpos de respuesta aguda contra el virus o por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). Las opciones terapéuticas en el momento son limitadas y con una baja evidencia de efectividad. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una mujer adulta, inmunocompetente, con clínica de encefalitis aguda severa y marcadas anormalidades en las neuroimágenes. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante la detección de ADN viral en LCR, apoyado por la exclusión de otros agentes patógenos y otras posibles etiologías mediante estudios microbiológicos, patológicos y serológicos.


SUMMARY Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects about 90 % of people in the first decade of life and, like other herpes viruses, remains dormant with risk of subsequent reactivations. EBV infection can have an asymptomatic course or cause infectious mononucleosis (IM), especially in teenagers and adults. Rarely, it can be responsible for infections in the central nervous system such as encephalitis, cerebellitis, myelitis, neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and, more commonly, primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (PLCNS) related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). VEB encephalitis does not differ from other viral encephalitis in its clinical presentation. Its diagnosis is performed by serological detection of acute antibody response against the virus or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Treatment options are limited and with a low evidence of effectiveness. We report an unusual case of an immunocompetent mid adult woman, who presented clinically severe acute encephalitis and marked abnormalities in neuroimaging. The diagnosis was made by EBV DNA detection in CSF, supported by the exclusion of the presence of other pathogens and etiologies by microbiological and pathological studies.


Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Encephalitis
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 50(1): 77-85, Mar. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333047

ABSTRACT

The composition, abundance and distribution of euphausiids from the southern part of the Mexican Caribbean Sea (August 1986) were sampled during the ARCOMM I cruise on board the R/V "Justo Sierra" of UNAM. Sampling was done using a Bongo-net (0.5 mm mesh size) performing oblique hauls from 200 m to the surface at 28 stations. Of the total euphausiid numbers, the most abundant species was Stylocheiron carinatum (49), followed by Euphausia americana (9.8) and E. tenera with (7.8). The highest total density and that of the three most abundant species occurred during the night sampling, and probably was related to vertical migration patterns. The Bray-Curtis index revealed three station assemblages, related to the day-night variations of the euphausiid community. Species were distributed mainly in the oceanic area, and were absent in the neritic zones. The local fauna shows a strong affinity for the euphausiid community of the Gulf of Mexico and other areas of the Caribbean Sea. Four species are considered to be new records for the western Caribbean Sea.


Subject(s)
Animals , Euphausiacea , Mexico , Population Density , Seawater
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