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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528265

ABSTRACT

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la Coordinación Motora (CM) con el Índice de Masa Corporal en escolares chilenos de entre 7 y 9 años. El estudio fue observacional de corte transversal, con características descriptivas y correlacionales. Se evaluaron a 180 escolares (90 mujeres de 8.4 ± 0.9 años y 90 hombres de 8.5± 0.9 años). Se midieron variables antropométricas de peso y talla. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). La coordinación motora (CM) se evaluó utilizando la batería de Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). Los resultados mostraron que en las mujeres el grupo Normopeso tenía un mejor desempeño en la transposición lateral que los grupos Sobrepeso y Obesidad (p˂0.05). En los hombres, el grupo Normopeso superó al grupo Obesidad en los saltos monopedales (p˂0.05). Además, al analizar las diferencias entre sexos, se determinó que las mujeres registraron mayor puntaje que los hombres en el equilibrio a la retaguardia (p<0.05), por su parte, los hombres registraron mejores rendimientos en saltos laterales, transposición lateral y el puntaje total del KTK (p<0.05). Se concluye que existe menor índice de CM en los escolares con elevado IMC, y que existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en el equilibrio, saltos laterales, transposición lateral y el puntaje total del test KTK.


The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between motor coordination (CM) and Body Mass Index in Chilean schoolchildren between 7 and 9 years of age. The study was observational cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study. 180 students of both sexes were evaluated (90 women aged 8.4 ± 0.9 years and 90 men aged 8.5 ± 0.9 years). Anthropometric weight and height variables were measured and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The CM was evaluated using the battery of Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). The results showed that in the lateral transposition, the normal weight group outperforms the overweight and Obesity group (p˂0.05) for women. For men, in monopedal jumps, the normal weight group also outperformed the obesity group (p˂0.05). In addition, when analyzing the differences between the sexes, it was noted that women had a higher score than men in the rear balance (p˂0.05). On the other hand, men had performed better in lateral jumps, lateral transposition and the total KTK score (p˂0.05). In conclusion, the study found that there was a lower CM index in schoolchildren with a high BMI, and that there were significant differences between men and women in terms of balance, lateral jumps, lateral transposition, and the total score of the KTK test.


O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a coordenação motora (CM) com o Índice de Massa Corporal corporal em escolares chilenos entre 7 e 9 anos de idade. O estudo foi observacional transversal, com características descritivas e correlacionais. Foram avaliados 180 escolares de ambos os sexos (90 mulheres com idade de 8,4 ± 0,9 anos e 90 homens com idade de 8,5 ± 0,9 anos). Variáveis antropométricas de peso e altura foram medidas. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi calculado. Além disso, a coordenação motora (MC) foi avaliada por meio da bateria Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). Os resultados mostraram que, para mulheres em transposição lateral, o grupo Peso Normal supera o grupo Sobrepeso e Obeso (p˂0,05). Para os homens, nos saltos monopedais o grupo Peso Normal supera o grupo Obesidade (p˂0,05). Além disso, ao analisar as diferenças entre os sexos, percebe-se que as mulheres apresentam pontuação maiores que os homens no equilíbrio de retaguarda (p<0,05), enquanto os homens apresentam melhor desempenho nos saltos laterais, transposição lateral e pontuação total KTK (p< 0,05). Conclui-se que há menor índice de CM em alunos com IMC elevado, e que existem diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres para equilíbrio, saltos laterais, transposição lateral e pontuação total do teste KTK.

2.
Podium (Pinar Río) ; 18(2)ago. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448884

ABSTRACT

La población joven y adulta de Chile presenta altos niveles de inactividad física y sedentarismo, lo que coincide con los rangos etarios de los estudiantes universitarios. En este sentido, es escasa la evidencia científica que ha estudiado la calidad de los servicios deportivos que entregan las instituciones de educación superior, tanto a nivel latinoamericano, como chileno. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad del servicio de la Unidad de Deportes y Recreación de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción de Chile, mediante la percepción que manifiestan los estudiantes que asisten a los talleres deportivos y de actividad física. Se aplicó el cuestionario SERVPERF que mide cinco dimensiones: elementos tangibles, fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad y empatía, según el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo descriptivo. La muestra fue de 70 participantes (55 mujeres y 15 hombres). En general, los resultados mostraron una buena percepción y evaluación de todas las dimensiones del cuestionario. La dimensión seguridad fue la mejor valorada y la dimensión Elementos tangibles fue la que mostró una más baja evaluación.


A população jovem e adulta do Chile apresenta altos níveis de inatividade física e estilos de vida sedentários, o que coincide com as faixas etárias dos estudantes universitários. Nesse sentido, há poucas evidências científicas que tenham estudado a qualidade dos serviços esportivos prestados pelas instituições de ensino superior, tanto na América Latina quanto no Chile. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do serviço prestado pela Unidade de Esportes e Recreação da Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, no Chile, por meio da percepção dos alunos que participam das oficinas de esportes e atividades físicas. Foi aplicado o questionário SERVPERF, que mede cinco dimensões: elementos tangíveis, confiabilidade, capacidade de resposta, segurança e empatia, de acordo com o grau de satisfação do usuário. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. A amostra foi composta por 70 participantes (55 mulheres e 15 homens). Em geral, os resultados mostraram uma boa percepção e avaliação de todas as dimensões do questionário. A dimensão Segurança foi a mais bem avaliada e a dimensão Elementos tangíveis apresentou a avaliação mais baixa.


The young and adult population of Chile presents high levels of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle, which coincides with the age ranges of university students. In this sense, there is little scientific evidence that has studied the quality of sports services provided by higher education institutions, both at the Latin American and Chilean levels. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of the service of the Sports and Recreation Unit of the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción de Chile, through the perception expressed by students who attend sports and physical activity workshops. The SERVPERF questionnaire was applied, which measures five dimensions: tangible elements, reliability, response capacity, security and empathy, according to the degree of user satisfaction. The research had a quantitative and descriptive approach. The sample consisted of 70 participants (55 women and 15 men). In general, the results showed a good perception and evaluation of all the dimensions of the questionnaire. The security dimension was the best valued and the tangible elements dimension was the one that showed the lowest evaluation.

3.
Horiz. med. (Impresa) ; 23(3)jul. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514225

ABSTRACT

En este reporte se describen dos casos de pacientes varones con VIH diagnosticados por serología, que no estaban recibiendo tratamiento. Ambos pacientes desarrollaron el síndrome alterno mesencefálico y la lesión estructural, causada por la infección del sistema nervioso central por toxoplasmosis cerebral, confirmada mediante una resonancia magnética cerebral. Esta condición se constató por serología en líquido cefalorraquídeo. El síndrome de Weber es un tipo de síndrome alterno mesencefálico poco frecuente y existe poca información de su clínica y evolución. Fue descrito por sir Herman David Weber en 1863, y se caracteriza por la lesión ipsilateral del fascículo del III par craneal, con presencia de hemiparesia contralateral debida a la lesión de la vía corticoespinal y corticobulbar del pedúnculo cerebral. Las causas que lo originan incluyen tanto procesos isquémicos o hemorrágicos, que lesionan el fascículo del III par craneal y pedúnculo cerebral, como neoplasias intraencefálicas, aneurismas, hematomas extradurales y procesos infecciosos que se comportan como procesos expansivos. Los pacientes evaluados presentaron clínica de ptosis palpebral, visión doble vertical, dificultad para bipedestación, hemiparesia, hiporreflexia, sensibilidad superficial y profunda disminuidas, equilibrio y coordinación alterados, III par parético, habla incoherente, desorientación en tiempo, espacio y persona de manera intermitente y asimetría facial. Para la toxoplasmosis se aplicó un tratamiento específico con trimetropim-sulfametoxasol, clindamicina y prednisona por vía oral, lo cual permitió una mejoría del cuadro clínico. En el presente caso clínico se presenta la secuencia de los hechos, manejo y breve revisión de la literatura para su consideración como diagnóstico y su relevancia en el paciente con VIH-toxoplasmosis del sistema nervioso central.


This report describes the case of two male HIV-positive patients who were not receiving treatment and whose diagnosis was confirmed by serology testing. Both patients developed midbrain stroke syndrome and the structural injury, which was caused by a central nervous system infection due to cerebral toxoplasmosis, was verified by brain magnetic resonance imaging. This condition was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid serology testing. Weber's syndrome is a very rare type of midbrain stroke syndrome with little information available on its symptoms and evolution. It was first described by Sir Herman David Weber in 1863 and is characterized by ipsilateral injury of the third cranial nerve fascicle with contralateral hemiparesis due to injury of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts of the cerebral peduncle. Its causes range from ischemic or hemorrhagic processes, which damage the third cranial nerve fascicle and cerebral peduncle, to brain tumors, aneurysms, extradural hematomas and infectious diseases that behave like spreading processes. The assessed patients showed clinical signs and symptoms such as ptosis; vertical double vision; difficulty standing up; hemiparesis; hyporeflexia; decreased superficial and deep sensation; poor balance and coordination; third cranial nerve palsy; slurred speech; intermittent disorientation in time, place and person; and facial asymmetry. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin and prednisone were administered as specific treatment for toxoplasmosis, which enabled the improvement of the clinical picture. This case report presents the sequence of events, treatment and a brief review of the literature to be considered in the diagnosis and determine its importance in patients with HIV-toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system.

4.
Salud UNINORTE ; 38(3)Sep.-Dec. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536811

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La velocidad de la marcha podría considerarse un marcador temprano de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre velocidad de la marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en población mayor chilena. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1788 personas mayores de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017 que tenían información sobre velocidad de marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. La velocidad de la marcha fue autorreportada y categorizada como marca lenta, normal y rápida. Sospecha de deterioro cognitivo fue evaluado a través del cuestionario Mini Mental abreviado. La asociación entre marcha y deterioro cognitivo fue investigada mediante análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: En comparación a las personas mayores que reportaron una velocidad de marcha rápida, aquellas que reportaron una marcha lenta presentaron 2,67 veces mayor probabilidad de tener deterioro cognitivo (OR: 2,67 [95% IC:1,62; 4,42], p<0,001). Al ajustar los modelos por variables de confusión sociodemográficas, estilos de vida y salud, la asociación disminuyó, pero, permaneció significativa (OR: 1,78 [95% IC:1,15; 3,17], p=0,047). Mientras que las personas mayores que reportaron tener una velocidad de marcha normal no presentaron asociación con deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: Personas mayores que reportan una velocidad de marcha lenta presentaron una mayor probabilidad de sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Considerando que el deterioro cognitivo es un síndrome geriátrico con alta prevalencia en población mayor, existe la necesidad de enfatizar en estrategias para un diagnóstico temprano, por lo cual la velocidad de marcha podría ser un instrumento útil.


Background: Walking pace could be considered an early risk marker of cognitive impairment in older people. Objective: To determine the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. Methods: 1,788 adults older than 60 years from the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey with data available in the exposure and outcome were included in this cross-sectional study. Walking pace was self-reported and categorised as slow, average and brisk. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Abbreviated Mini-Mental questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment, logistic regression analyses - adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related covariates. Results: In the minimally adjusted model and compared to older adults who self-reported a brisk walking pace, those in the slow walking pace category were 2.67 times more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR: 2.67 [95% CI: 1.62, 4.42]). When the analyses were adjusted, the association was attenuated but remained significant (OR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.15 3.17]). No associations were found between average pace walkers and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Older adults who self-reported a slow walking pace having a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment than their counterparts who had a brisk walking pace. Considering that cognitive impairment is a geriatric syndrome with a high prevalence in the elderly, there is a need to emphasise strategies for an early diagnosis. Therefore, walking pace may be a useful marker to identify individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.

5.
Rev.chil.ortop.traumatol. ; 63(2): 123-127, ago.2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1436748

ABSTRACT

Es conocido que el codo se disloca con frecuencia, y corresponde a la primera causa de luxación en niños y a la segunda causa en adultos. Respecto a las fracturas distales, representan un tercio de todas las fracturas del húmero en población adulta. Por lo general, se presentan en una distribución bimodal que afecta a hombres jóvenes o a mujeres ancianas. En este artículo, reportamos un caso clínico poco frecuente de luxación de codo izquierdo complicada, producto de fractura del húmero distal, en una mujer de 64 años. La lesión comprende una luxación posterolateral de codo izquierdo complicada con fractura articular parcial (compromiso del cóndilo y de la tróclea humeral externa), sagital, multifragmentaria, de húmero distal que requirió tres intervenciones quirúrgicas y terapia de rehabilitación por seis meses que finalizaron en recuperación funcional de la estabilidad de la articulación del codo. El caso reportado es particular debido a la individualidad del paciente con sus comorbilidades, el mecanismo de producción de la luxofractura, el abordaje quirúrgico, y el éxito del tratamiento instaurado. Sin embargo, este éxito terapéutico debe ser confirmado en series de casos


It is known that the elbow is dislocated frequently, representing the first cause of dislocation in children and the second cause in adults. Regarding distal humerus fractures, they represent a third of all humerus fractures in the adult population. They generally occur in a bimodal distribution, affecting young men or elderly women. In the present article, we report a rare clinical case of a complicated left elbow dislocation due to a distal humerus fracture in a 64-year-old woman. The lesion includes a posterolateral dislocation of the left elbow complicated by a sagittal, multifragmentary, partial articular fracture (compromise of the condyle and external humeral trochlea) of the distal humerus which required three surgical interventions and rehabilitation therapy for six months and resulted in functional recovery of the stability of the elbow joint. The case herein reported is particular due to the individuality of the patient, with her comorbidities, the mechanism of production of the fracture-dislocation, the surgical approach, and the success of the established treatment. This therapeutic success must be confirmed in series of cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Elbow Injuries/surgery , Humeral Fractures, Distal/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Elbow Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Humeral Fractures, Distal/diagnostic imaging
6.
Rev. inf. cient ; 101(1)feb. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409506

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: En la pandemia por la COVID-19 se implementaron nuevas medidas en todos los sectores, uno de estos fue en la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial, donde no se dejaron de prestar atención a pacientes con urgencias. Objetivo: Caracterizar las urgencias maxilofaciales atendidas en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley" en Manzanillo, durante la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en 358 pacientes, entre septiembre de 2020 hasta abril de 2021. Se estudiaron las variables: grupos de edades, sexo, mes de atención, motivo de urgencia maxilofacial, conducta terapéutica y pacientes con sintomatología relacionados con la COVID-19. Resultados: El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 60 y más (22,6 %), con predominio del sexo masculino (54,2 %). Se atendió la mayoría de los pacientes en los meses de noviembre y diciembre (20,3 %), las urgencias maxilofaciales que predominaron fueron los traumatismos maxilofaciales (31,8 %), seguido por las celulitis faciales (23,7 %). En cuanto a la conducta terapéutica, en el tratamiento conservador tuvo mayor porcentaje el medicamentoso (88,3 %), mientras que en el tratamiento quirúrgico predominó la sutura de heridas (18,2 %). El síntoma de mayor incidencia fue la fiebre (3,4 %). El 61,5 % de los cirujanos maxilofaciales se contagió con COVID-19. Conclusiones: Las urgencias maxilofaciales son más frecuentes en el sexo masculino, predominan los traumatismos maxilofaciales y las celulitis faciales. El servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial es vulnerable a la infección por el coronavirus.


ABSTRACT Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, new safety measures were implemented in all sectors. However, the Maxillofacial Surgery specialty kept on, where emergency patients were not left unattended. Objective: To characterize the maxillofacial emergencies attended at the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley" in Manzanillo, during the COVID-19 related epidemiological situation. Method: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was applied on 358 patients in the period between September 2020 and April 2021. The variables studied were as follow: age groups, sex, month when patients were attended, maxillofacial emergency´s motive, therapeutic behavior and patients with COVID-19 related symptoms. Results: The most affected age group was ≥ 60 (22.6%), with predominance in male sex (54.2%). Most patients were attended in November and December (20.3%), the predominated maxillofacial emergencies were those associated to maxillofacial trauma (31.8%), followed by facial cellulitis (23.7%). In terms of treatment, the highest percentage of conservative treatment was associated with the medicamentation (88.3 %), while wound suturing practice predominated in surgical treatment (18.2 %). The symptom with the highest incidence was fever (3.4 %). The 61.5 % of the maxillofacial surgeons were infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: Maxillofacial emergencies are more frequent in males; maxillofacial trauma and facial cellulitis predominate. The maxillofacial surgery service is vulnerable to the coronavirus infection.


RESUMO Introdução: Na pandemia do COVID-19, novas medidas foram implementadas em todos os setores, uma delas foi na especialidade de Cirurgia Buco Maxilo Facial, onde o atendimento aos pacientes de urgência não foi interrompido. Objetivo: Caracterizar as emergências bucomaxilofaciais atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas Cirúrgicas "Celia Sánchez Manduley" de Manzanillo, durante a situação epidemiológica causada pelo COVID-19. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado em 358 pacientes, entre setembro de 2020 e abril de 2021. Foram estudadas as variáveis: faixa etária, sexo, mês de atendimento, motivo da emergência bucomaxilofacial, conduta terapêutica e pacientes com sintomas relacionados ao COVID-19. Resultados: A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 60 anos e mais (22,6%), com predomínio do sexo masculino (54,2%). A maioria dos pacientes foi atendida nos meses de novembro e dezembro (20,3%), as emergências bucomaxilofaciais que prevaleceram foram traumatismos bucomaxilofaciais (31,8%), seguidas de celulite facial (23,7%). Em relação à conduta terapêutica, no tratamento conservador o tratamento medicamentoso teve maior percentual (88,3%), enquanto no tratamento cirúrgico prevaleceu a sutura das feridas (18,2%). O sintoma com maior incidência foi a febre (3,4%). 61,5% dos cirurgiões maxilofaciais foram infectados com COVID-19. Conclusões: As emergências maxilofaciais são mais frequentes no sexo masculino, predominam traumas maxilofaciais e celulite facial. O serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial está vulnerável à infecção por coronavírus.

7.
Podium (Pinar Río) ; 16(3): 714-730, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351313

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue describir la oferta deportiva y de actividad física, las condiciones para la práctica de la población y las características de la asociatividad deportiva, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a los habitantes de una ciudad chilena, siendo los resultados un aporte investigativo en el contexto de la elaboración de un Plan Municipal de Actividad Física y de Deportes. Trabajo de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y de corte transversal, en el cual se aplicó de forma presencial una encuesta estandarizada de tipo institucional. La muestra fue por conveniencia, pero representativa de los dos sectores encuestados de la ciudad, participando un total de 209 personas, hombres y mujeres que tenían 15 años y más. Para analizar los datos, se empleó la estadística descriptiva, utilizando la distribución de la frecuencia. Los resultados señalan que ha aumentado la percepción sobre el nivel de práctica de actividad física y el número de las instalaciones deportivas, pero aún son insuficientes. También se identifica un alto uso de los servicios deportivos municipales, siendo el fútbol la oferta deportiva más demandada. Acerca de los niveles de participación en organizaciones deportivas, estos han aumentado en relación con el promedio nacional, no obstante, representa un bajo porcentaje. Junto a ello, se observa una tendencia a la práctica deportiva preferentemente de tipo individual.


RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a oferta de esporte e atividade física, as condições para a prática da população e as características da associatividade esportiva, através da aplicação de uma pesquisa aos habitantes de uma cidade chilena, sendo os resultados uma contribuição de pesquisa no contexto do desenvolvimento de um Plano Municipal de Atividade Física e Esporte. Este é um estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, no qual uma pesquisa institucional padronizada foi aplicada pessoalmente. A amostra foi por conveniência, mas representativa dos dois setores pesquisados da cidade, com um total de 209 pessoas participantes, homens e mulheres com 15 anos ou mais. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas para analisar os dados, utilizando a distribuição de frequência. Os resultados mostram que a percepção do nível de atividade física e o número de instalações esportivas aumentaram, mas ainda são insuficientes. Também é identificada uma alta utilização dos serviços esportivos municipais, sendo o futebol a oferta esportiva mais demandada. Os níveis de participação em organizações esportivas aumentaram em relação à média nacional, mas ainda representam uma baixa porcentagem. Além disso, há uma tendência para que o esporte seja praticado principalmente por indivíduos.


ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to describe the offer of sports and physical activity, the conditions for the practice of the population; and the characteristics of the sport association capacities, through a survey conducted among the inhabitants of a Chilean city, being the results a research contribution in the context of the elaboration of a Municipal Plan of Physical Activity and Sports. It is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional work, in which a standardized institutional in-person survey was applied. The sample was for convenience, but representative of the two sectors of the city surveyed, with a total of 209 people participating, men and women who were 15 years old and older. Descriptive statistics using frequency distribution was applied to analyze data. The results indicate that the perception about the level of physical activity practice and the number of sport facilities have increased, but they are still insufficient. A high use of municipal sports services has been also identified, with football being the most demanded sport offer. Regarding levels of participation in sport organizations, these have increased in relation to the national average; however, it still represents a low percentage. In addition, there is a tendency to practice sports preferably on an individual type.

8.
Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 59(5): 368-376, oct. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357929

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las enfermedades relacionadas con enteroparásitos son un grave problema de salud pública. Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de enteroparásitos en el Perú y su relación con el Índice de desarrollo humano (IDH). Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio coproparasitológico por el método directo en niños y adultos de las comunidades de Pamplona Alta en Lima, de la provincia de San Sebastián de Quera, Castillo Grande, Pillco Marca y Puelles en Huánuco, Llupa-Huaraz en Ancash y Machaguay en Arequipa, Perú, de 2012 a 2016. Resultados: se analizaron 864 muestras y se encontró una prevalencia total del 23.03% (199 casos). El protozoario no patógeno Entamoeba coli con 10.42% (90 casos) y el nematodo Ascaris lumbricoides con 6.37% (55 casos) fueron los más prevalentes. La prevalencia de protozoos fue mayor que la de los helmintos. No se observó asociación entre el IDH frente a la prevalencia total ni frente a las cuatro especies de enteroparásitos más frecuentes. El análisis PERMANOVA a partir de las prevalencias de enteroparásitos en áreas urbanas y rurales de Perú mostró diferencias entre las comunidades. La prevalencia total de las comunidades urbanas fue similar que la de las rurales. Conclusiones: la enteroparasitosis en el Perú no se relaciona con el IDH. Sin embargo, los niveles de infestación por enteroparásitos variaron entre las diferentes comunidades y se relacionaron con las características bioecológicas de los parásitos.


Background: Diseases related to enteroparasites are a serious public health problem. Objective: To assess the prevalence of enteroparasites in Peru and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Material and methods: A coproparasitological study using the direct method from children and adults from the communities of Pamplona Alta in Lima, the province of San Sebastián de Quera, Castillo Grande, Pillco Marca and Puelles in Huánuco, Llupa-Huaraz in Ancash, and Machaguay in Arequipa, Peru was carried out from 2012 to 2016. Results: 864 samples were analyzed, and a total prevalence of 23.03% (199 cases) was found. The non-pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba coli, with 10.42% (90 cases), and the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, with 6.37% (55 cases), were the most prevalent. PERMANOVA analysis based on the prevalences of enteroparasites in urban and rural areas of Peru showed differences among communities. The overall prevalence of urban communities was similar to that of rural ones. Conclusions: Enteroparasitosis in Peru are not related to HDI. However, the levels of infestation by enteroparasites varied between the different communities, and they were related to the bioecological characteristics of parasites.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Health , Ascaris lumbricoides , Entamoeba , Coliforms , Helminthiasis , Parasites , Peru , Rural Areas , Urban Area , Development Indicators
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(10)oct. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389372

ABSTRACT

Background: The Chilean population reports high levels of physical inactivity. The relationship between income level, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors is not well known. Aim: To describe the levels of PA and sedentary time, according to income levels in the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Analysis of data from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017, which included 5,130 participants (52.9% women). The levels of PA and sedentary time were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Income levels were established according to the self-reported income per capita of the households and presented as quintiles. PA levels according to income levels were estimated by linear regression analyses. Results: Transport-related PA was higher in the lowest income quintiles (p = 0.039). There were no trends for income levels and PA domains including moderate, vigorous, total, occupational and leisure PA. The prevalence of leisure and occupational physical inactivities were higher in the lowest quintiles of income. Sitting time was higher in the higher income levels (p < 0.01). Conclusions: People in the lowest quintile for income spent more time in transport-related PA and less time sitting. However, physical inactivity prevalence during leisure and work time were higher in people with lower income.

10.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(4)ago. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388520

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Las caídas limitan las actividades de la vida diaria. Actualmente se desconoce cómo los niveles de actividad física (AF) varían luego de sufrir una caída. Objetivo: investigar los niveles de práctica de actividad física de personas mayores que han reportado caídas en los últimos 12 meses. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1.254 participantes ≥ 60 años de Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2009-2010. La prevalencia de caídas en los últimos 12 meses se determinó mediante auto reporte. Los niveles de AF y el tiempo sedente se determinaron a través del cuestionario Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). La asociación entre caídas y AF fue investigada mediante regresión lineal. Resultados: El 70,5% [95% IC: 68,0; 72,8] de las personas mayores no reportaron caídas, mientras que un 19,4% [95% IC: 17,4; 21,5] reportó haber sufrido entre 1-2 caídas y un 10% [95% IC: 8,4; 11,8] ≥3 caídas en los últimos 12 meses. En comparación al grupo que reportó no sufrir caídas, aquellos que sufrieron ≥3 caídas realizaban 79,2 minutos menos de AF total/día. Resultados similares fueron observados para AF de transporte y AF moderada. No se encontraron diferencias para tiempo sedente o AF vigorosa. Conclusión: Personas mayores que sufrieron caídas en los últimos 12 meses reportaron realizar menos actividad física que sus contrapartes que no experimentaron caídas. A mediano y largo plazo, estos cambios en la actividad física podrían contribuir a resultados de salud adversos en una población.


ABSTRACT Background: Falls among older adults are associated with important changes in lifestyle. However, there is no evidence about the physical activity levels of older adults who have experienced falls. The aim of this study, therefore, was to describe physical activity levels in older adults who have experienced falls in the last 12 months. Methods: 1,254 older adults (aged ≥60 years) from the National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this study. Number of falls during the last 12 months was self-reported and physical activity was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The association between falls and physical activity was investigated using regression analyses. Results: 70.5% [95% CI: 68.0; 72.8] of the older adults included in this study did not report any falls during the last 12 months. However, 19.4% [95% CI: 17.4; 21.5] reported 1-2 falls and 10% [95% CI: 8.4; 11.8] reported ≥3 falls in the last 12 months. In comparison to those who reported no falls, those who experienced ≥3 falls in the last 12 months did 79.2 fewer minutes/day of physical activity. Similar results were found for moderate and transport-related physical activity, but no associations were found for vigorous or sedentary behaviours. Conclusion: Older adults who suffered falls in the last 12 months reported doing less physical activity than their counterparts who did not experience any falls. In the middle and long term, these changes in physical activity could contribute to adverse health outcomes in an already frail population.

11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(6): 819-828, jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389527

ABSTRACT

Background: Adiposity and education are two independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is limited evidence whether both education and adiposity are associated with T2D in an additive manner in the Chilean population. Aim: To investigate the joint association between adiposity and education with T2D in the Chilean adult population. Material and Methods: Analysis of data of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017, which included 5,033 participants with a mean age of 43 years, (51% women). Poisson regression analyses with robust standard error were used to investigate the joint association of the education level and general and central adiposity with T2D. The results were reported as Prevalence Ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (PR, 95% CI). Results: Obesity was associated with a higher probability of having T2D in men than in women, however central adiposity was associated with a higher probability of having T2D in women than in men. Compared with men who had higher education (> 12 years) and had normal body weight, those with the same educational level and who were obese had 2.3-times higher probability of having T2D (PR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.02; 5.39]). For women, having a low education and being obese was associated with 4.4-times higher probability of having T2D compared to those with higher education and normal body mass index (BMI) (PR: 4.47 [95% IC: 2.12; 9.24]). Similar results were observed when waist circumference was used as a marker of obesity rather than BMI. Conclusions: Women and men with higher BMI and low education had a higher risk of T2D. However, this risk was higher in women than in men.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Adiposity , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology
12.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(2)abr. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388477

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La práctica regular de actividad física (AF) ha sido asociada a importantes beneficios metabólicos, como también a la disminución del riesgo de desarrollar algunos tipos de cáncer. El objetivo de esta revisión especial es sintetizar la evidencia científica existente sobre la asociación de los niveles de AF y el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer. Esto permitirá una mejor orientación a futuras políticas públicas destinada a aumentar los niveles de AF en la población chilena. Se buscaron los últimos reportes mundiales y nacionales sobre AF y cáncer en conjunto con una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Medline, Scielo y Google Scholar utilizando las siguientes palabras claves: "Exercise», «Neoplasms», "Cancer", "Colorectal", "Breast", "Endometrium", "Physical activity", "Exercise", "Sedentary" and "Sports". Esta revisión entrega evidencia sobre la asociación de la AF con un menor riesgo de múltiples tipos de cáncer, incluyendo cáncer colorrectal, mama y endometrio, pero aún se necesita más investigación con relación a la asociación entre AF y otros tipos de cáncer.


ABSTRACT Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with important metabolic benefits, as well as a decreased risk of developing some types of cancer. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the existing scientific evidence on the association of PA levels and the risk of developing cancer. This will allow a better orientation to future public policies aimed at increasing PA levels in the Chilean population. We searched for the latest global and national reports on PA and cancer as well as scientific databases (Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Medline, Scielo and Google Scholar) using the following keywords: "exercise", "neoplasms", "cancer", "colorectal", "breast", "endometrium", "physical activity", "exercise", "sedentary lifestyle" and "sports". Our review supports the protective association between PA and a lower risk of several cancers including colorectal, breast and endometrial cancer. However, more research is still needed to elucidate the role of PA on the risk for other common cancers.

13.
Rev. salud pública ; 22(6): e208, nov.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357408

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Explicar las barreras para la eliminación de la malaria en Guapi (Cauca, Colombia), según la percepción de la comunidad. Método Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo de tipo exploratorio en Guapi, de octubre a noviembre de 2016, a través del análisis de contenido de grupos focales de ocho mujeres voluntarias y de análisis inductivo e interpretativo. Resultados Basadas en las respuestas de las voluntarias, se construyeron tres categorías, de las cuales se originaron cinco subcategorías relacionadas con barreras (tema) para la eliminación de la malaria que incluyen determinantes sociales del municipio tales como las barreras ambientales, culturales y de atención en salud. Todas ellas requieren de la intervención integral por parte de las diferentes dependencias del Estado, con la inclusión de las características propias de la comunidad guapireña. Conclusión Se identificó que la falta de planeación e infraestructura deficiente en el municipio obstaculiza no solo la eliminación de la malaria sino también la de otras enfermedades transmisibles. El desarrollo de actividades económicas como la minería, las prácticas de automedicación, la poca adherencia a las medidas de prevención por parte de la comunidad, la falta de contratación de profesionales y microscopistas y el difícil acceso a los servicios de salud constituyen las principales barreras para la eliminación de la malaria en este municipio de la región pacífica colombiana.


ABSTRACT Objetive To explain the obstacles for malaria elimination in Guapi (Cauca, Colombia), considering the community perception. Method A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out in Guapi, from October to November 2016, through the content analysis of eight female volunteer's focus groups. Inductive and interpretive analyses were also performed. Results Based on the volunteers' responses, three categories were built, from which five subcategories related to obstacles (issue) for malaria elimination emerged; these included municipality social determinants such as environmental, cultural and health care barriers. All of them require of comprehensive interventions by different state agencies and inclusion of the specific characteristics of the local community. Conclusion We found that lack of planning and municipal poor infrastructure limits the elimination of malaria and other communicable diseases alike. Economic activities such as mining, self-medication practices, community poor adherence to prevention measures, lack of professional and microscopists hiring and the difficulties for accessing to health services are the main obstacles for malaria elimination in this municipality of the Colombian Pacific Coast.

14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(12)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389276

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of mortality and chronic diseases. However, its estimation is costly and time consuming which may limit it broad use in population-based studies. Aim: To estimate the cardiorespiratory fitness of the Chilean population by using equations and to characterize fitness levels of the Chilean population by sociodemographic factors. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5,958 adults from the Chilean Health Survey conducted between 2016 and 2017. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from sex-specific equations for men and women and expressed as METs (Energy Metabolic Equivalent). Fitness levels were characterized by sociodemographics factors (age, sex, education, income and area of residency). Results: Fitness levels were higher in men (9.01 METs) than in women (6.76 METs) and in average decrease by 0.59 and 0.34 METs per each year increment in age for men and women, respectively. Fitness levels were 12.7 METs and 7.8 METs for 20-year-old men and women, respectively. However, fitness levels decreased to 7.8 METs and 4.3 METs in 90-year-old men and women, respectively. Fitness levels were also higher in individuals living in urban setting, those with higher education or income levels and lean individuals. Conclusions: This study reports fitness levels in a nationally representative sample of Chile. Fitness levels were higher in men than women however, its decline with age was more pronounce in men than women.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Metabolic Syndrome , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Chile/epidemiology , Physical Fitness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Metabolic Equivalent
15.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 63(6): 7-19, nov.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155429

ABSTRACT

Resumen Sin lugar a dudas, el tabaquismo continúa siendo la principal causa de enfermedad, discapacidad y muerte prematura a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el advenimiento de los nuevos sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina (SEAN), entre los que destaca el cigarrillo electrónico, ha tenido un crecimiento explosivo y en algunos países ha desplazado a los cigarrillos de tabaco, especialmente entre los jóvenes que se sienten atraídos por sus llamativos sabores y por el despliegue de tecnología que se utiliza en su diseño y funcionamiento. Los SEAN surgieron inicialmente en 2003 como una supuesta ayuda para dejar de fumar, a 16 años de esta fecha no hay estudios clínicos que confirmen su superioridad sobre los medicamentos existentes para tal fin: terapias de reemplazo de nicotina, bupropión y vareniclina, ni sobre las terapias psicológicas como la racional emotiva y la cognitivo conductual. Por el contrario, se han acumulado gran cantidad de evidencias sobre el efecto deletéreo que tienen sobre la salud de los consumidores, el riesgo que representan es indudable y esto se confirma por reportes recientes de Centros de Control de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (CDC) que señalan 2,172 casos hospitalizados con enfermedad pulmonar aguda y 42 muertes por esta causa, siendo el 79% personas menores de 35 años. Este brote de enfermedad pulmonar ha determinado que se plantee la prohibición de los SEAN en Estados Unidos. Asimismo, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aprobó la venta de los cigarrillos híbridos o heets que utilizan tabaco calentado, los cuales ya están disponibles en nuestro país. No cabe duda de que como profesionales del área de la salud nuestra obligación es informar con evidencias científicas sobre los riesgos que representan los SEAN para sus consumidores, asimismo debemos aprender de la historia del tabaquismo para poder prevenir la morbimortalidad asociada con estos nuevos productos del tabaco.


Abstract Without a doubt, smoking continues to be the leading cause of disease, disability, and premature death worldwide. However, the advent of the new Electronic Administration Systems of Nicotine (SEAN), among which the electronic cigarette stands out, has had explosive growth and in some countries has depleted tobacco cigarettes, especially among young people who feel attracted by its striking flavors and the deployment of technology that is used in its design and operation. The SEANs initially emerged in 2003 as a supposed help to quit smoking, at 16 years from this date no clinical studies are confirming their superiority over existing medications for this purpose: nicotine, bupropion and varenicline replacement therapies, or over psychological therapies such as emotional and cognitive-behavioral rational. On the other side, a large amount of evidence has been accumulated on the deleterious effect they have on the health of consumers, the risk they represent is unquestionable and this is confirmed by recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control of the United States (CDC) that indicate 2142 hospitalized cases with acute lung disease and 42 deaths from this cause, 79% being people under 35 years. This outbreak of lung disease has determined that the ban on SEAN in the United States will be planted. Also, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the sale of hybrid cigarettes or "Heets" (Heat-not-burn tobacco products), which uses heated tobacco, and are now available in our country. There is no doubt that as health professionals, we must inform with scientific evidence about the risks that SEANs pose to their consumers, we must also learn from the history of smoking to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with these new tobacco products.

16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(11)nov. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389261

ABSTRACT

Background: Handgrip strength is an indicator of frailty in older people. Aim: To determine the prevalence of low handgrip strength in older Chilean adults. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals aged 60 years or more, participating in the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey, was carried out. Handgrip strength was evaluated by a hand dynamometer and low grip strength was determined as a grip strength ≤ 15 kg and ≤ 27 kg for women and men, respectively. Results: Twenty nine percent of participants had low grip strength. The average grip strength among 60-year-old men and women was 34.7 and 22.1 kg, respectively. These figures decreased to 28.8 kg and 17.2 kg among 90-year-old men and women, respectively. The prevalence of low grip strength in men and women aged 60 years was 18%. In 90-year-old men and women, these figures increased to 79% and 56.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of low grip strength increased substantially with age.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hand Strength , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys
18.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(4): 620-629, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138597

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La determinación del nivel de actividad física (AF) puede realizarse a través de acelerómetro o mediante cuestionario de auto-reporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de AF entre un cuestionario de auto-reporte y la medición con acelerómetro de movimiento según factores sociodemográficos en la población chilena. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a 230 adultos chilenos participantes del proyecto Genes, Ambiente, Diabetes y Obesidad (GENADIO). Niveles de AF fueron medidos mediante el cuestionario Internacional Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y acelerómetro de movimiento (ActiGraph). Resultados: IPAQ subestimó los niveles de AF total en comparación a la medición con acelerómetro (delta [IPAQ-Acel.]= −55,7 min/día). Según nivel educacional, se evidenció que el cuestionario IPAQ sobreestimó los niveles de AF total en personas con bajo nivel educacional (delta [IPAQ-Acel.]= 70,4 min/día), pero subestimó la AF total en personas con enseñanza media o técnico universitaria (delta [IPAQ-Acel.]= −67,9 y −135,6 min/día, respectivamente). Resultados similares fueron observados para los distintos niveles de ingreso socioeconómico (NSE). Conclusión: El cuestionario de auto-reporte IPAQ subestimó los niveles de AF total en comparación a la medición por acelerómetro; sin embargo, estas diferencias variaron según factores sociodemográficos.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Determining level of physical activitY (PA) can be done with objective measurement, through accelerometer, or by subjective measurement through self-report questionnaire. The aim of this study was to compare PA measurements derived from a self-reported questionnaire and accelerometer according to sociodemographic factors in the Chilean population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 230 Chilean adults participating in the GENADIO study (Genes, Environment, Diabetes and Obesity). PA levels were measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and GT1M accelerometer (ActiTrainer, ActiGraph). Results: IPAQ questionnaire underestimated the total PA levels compared to the accelerometer measurement (delta[IPAQ-Acel.]= −55.7 min/day). According to educational level, IPAQ questionnaire overestimated PA level in people with low educational level (delta[IPAQ-Accel.]= 70.4 min/day), but underestimated total PA in people with secondary education or university technician (delta[IPAQ-Accel.]=-67.9 and-135.6 min/day, respectively). Similar results were observed for the different levels of socioeconomic income. Conclusion: The IPAQ questionnaire underestimated total PA levels compared to accelerometer; however, these differences varied according to sociodemographic factors.


Subject(s)
Adult , Exercise , Obesity , Population , Chronic Disease , Education, Primary and Secondary , Environment , Genes
19.
Caracas; Observatorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; ago. 2020. 91-110 p. ilus, tab.(Observador del Conocimiento. Revista Especializada en Gestión Social del Conocimiento, 5, 2).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1118176

ABSTRACT

La novedosa pandemia por coronavirus, etiquetada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS, 2020) como la covid-19, se reportó por primera vez en Wuhan, China, el 31 de diciembre de 2019 y a la fecha, según estimaciones de la misma OMS (2020), en la medida en que se ha extendido a nivel planetario, ha infectado a más de 9,2 millones de personas, de las cuales se reportan más de 500.000 fallecidos y 5.2 millones de pacientes recuperados. En este estudio, aplicaremos el exponente de Hurst (1951) asociado con la estadística fractal para simular la propagación de la covid-19, considerando series temporales de fluctuaciones de nuevos casos diarios de la enfermedad, disponibles a través de un sitio web de referencia de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, como lo es el Observatorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (ONCTI). Se parte de la hipótesis de que la propagación de la covid-19, puede analizarse en función de las fluctuaciones del crecimiento de nuevos casos diarios de contagio. Para ello, se empleó un método de rango reescalado R/S que permitió calcular el Exponente de Hurst, parámetro estocástico cuyo valor permitió inferir sobre la presencia de correlaciones de largo alcance en la transmisión del virus entre la población. Estudiaremos los efectos de correlación en la propagación de COVID-19 en Venezuela mediante el análisis de las series temporales de nuevos casos después del decreto de Alerta dictado por el Ejecutivo Nacional que convocó a la ciudadanía a "quedarse en casa" mediante una cuarentena social obligatoria. Simularemos el comportamiento a mediano plazo (180 días) considerando las fluctuaciones de los nuevos casos de contagio diarios sobre la base de dos factores: los casos de contagio importados y los contagios comunitarios. En consecuencia, inicialmente examinaremos el origen de correlaciones con grandes fluctuaciones, y posteriormente analizaremos en base a las series de tiempo de nuevos casos diarios de la covid-19 en Venezuela, para luego establecer las correlaciones de largo alcance e inferir sobre la posible la persistencia o antipersistencia de la misma(AU)


The novel coronavirus pandemic, labeled by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Covid-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019. To date, according to the WHO's estimates, it has infected more than 9.2 million people, of whom more than 500,000 are reported dead, and 5.2 million patients have recovered. To deepen in its study, we apply the Hurst exponent, associated with fractal statistics to simulate the spread of Covid-19, considering time series of fluctuations of new daily cases, which are available in a site reference website of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, such as the National Observatory for Science, Technology, and Innovation (ONCTI). This work starts from the hypothesis that the spread of Covid-19 can be analyzed based on the fluctuations in the increase of new daily cases. For this, an R / S rescaled range method was used that allowed calculating the Hurst Exponent, a stochastic parameter whose value allowed inferring the presence of long-range correlations in the virus transmission among the population. We will study the correlation effects in the spread of COVID-19 in Venezuela by analyzing the time series of new cases after the alert decree issued by the Executive branch, which called on citizens to "stay at home" through a mandatory social quarantine. Consequently, initially, we will examine the origin of correlations with large fluctuations, followed by an analysis based on the time series of new daily cases of Covid-19 in Venezuela, in order to establish the long-range correlations and infer about the possible persistence or anti persistence of it(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Venezuela , Quarantine , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Time Series Studies , Fractals
20.
Caracas; Observatorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; ago. 2020. 46-56 p. ilus.(Observador del Conocimiento. Revista Especializada de Gestión Social del Conocimiento, 5, 3).
Monography in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1120112

ABSTRACT

A más de cuatro meses de la pandemia que azota al planeta, existe la urgente necesidad de proyectar cómo la transmisión del nuevo SARS-CoV-2 se desarrollará en los meses venideros. En el interés de modelar el comportamiento del SARS-CoV-2 en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, desde el Observatorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (ONCTI), realizamos análisis estadísticos a objeto de pronosticar con base en los valores de las series de tiempo de contagios de la Covid-19 de procedencia comunitaria, la Estimación Promedio de Contagios Comunitarios. Dichos análisis han permitido evidenciar que la inédita dinámica de propagación de esta pandemia dependerá de la estacionalidad, la duración en encontrarse una vacuna de inmunidad y de los otros factores como, por ejemplo, la erradicación de procedencia de los contagios de orígenes transnacionales o importados. De allí que, utilizando datos que reflejan el comportamiento del SARS-CoV-2 durante los primeros 120 días de pandemia en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, medimos cómo estos factores afectan la transmisión comunitaria. Para ello construimos un modelo matemático que permitió observar el comportamiento de la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2; y proyectamos qué tan recurrentes serán los brotes de SARS-CoV-2 durante las próximas 3 semanas, los cuales probablemente ocurrirán después del brote de la ola pandémica inicial(AU)


More than four months after the start of the pandemic that plagues the planet, there is an urgent need to project how the transmission of the new SARS-CoV-2 will develop in the upcoming months. Intending to model the behavior of SARS-CoV2 in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, the Observatorio Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (ONTIC) carried out statistical analysis to forecast based on the values of the time series of Covid-19 infections of communitarian origin, the Estimate Average of Community Contagions. These analyzes have shown that the unprecedented spread's dynamics of this pandemic will depend on seasonality, the finding of a vaccine, and other factors such as, for example, the eradication of origin of contagions of transnational or imported origin. Hence, using data that reflects the behavior of SARS-CoV2 during the first 120 days of the pandemic in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, we measure how these factors affect communitarian transmission. To do this, we built a mathematical model that allowed us to observe the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, projecting how recurrent outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 will appear over the next 3 weeks, which are likely to occur after the first wave of the pandemic(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Time Series Studies , Coronavirus Infections , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Pandemics , Disease Eradication/methods , Models, Theoretical
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