ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional en poblaciones infanto-juveniles residentes en cuatro partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y observar si existen diferencias vinculadas a los contextos ambientales y socioeconómicos particulares, en el marco de la transición nutricional. Entre los ciclos lectivos 2008-2012, se relevó el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal de 7.873 escolares, entre 4 y 12 años de edad, residentes en los partidos de La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena y Punta Indio. La información acerca del contexto de residencia se obtuvo mediante encuesta estructurada y autoadministrada. Alrededor del 40% de los escolares presentó malnutrición, y prevalecieron el sobrepeso en La Plata, la obesidad en Punta Indio y la desnutrición en Magdalena. El estado nutricional se vinculó con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia y dio cuenta de que estas poblaciones se ubican en distintas etapas del proceso de transición nutricional.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status of child populations living in four counties of the province of Buenos Aires to observe differences related to particular environmental and socioeconomic contexts in the framework of the nutrition transition. During the school years corresponding to the 2008-2012 period, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated for 7,873 school children between the ages of 4 and 12 years from the counties of La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena and Punta Indio. Information about the contexts of residence was obtained using self-administered structured surveys. About 40% of schoolchildren presented malnutrition, with a prevalence of overweight in La Plata, obesity in Punta Indio and undernutrition in Magdalena. The nutritional status of the study populations was associated with the socioenvironmental conditions of residence, indicating that these populations are at different stages of the nutrition transition process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/etiology , Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis , Pediatric Obesity/etiologyABSTRACT
La Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) constituye un trastorno motor que presenta síntomas motores y no motores, incluyendo rigidez, bradiquinesia, alteración de reflejos posturales, temblor de reposo, trastornos del sueño, de la deglución y de la expresión oral, facial y corporal, con una presentación y severidad variable. En la EP el movimiento en sí está preservado y lo que resulta afectada es la modulación del mismo. Sin embargo, esta enfermedad presenta una característica particular que es la kinesia paradojal, una cualidad del sistema motor por la cual las personas pueden moverse de forma inesperada, considerando las limitaciones atribuidas a la enfermedad. Si bien esta característica paradojal es una propiedad del sistema motor perse, aparece de forma más notoria en los trastornos del movimiento que en el comportamiento motor sano y se asocia a los estímulos ambientales. Se presenta un estudio controlado de generalización limitada en el cual se utilizó una aplicación informática con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de las affordances (un recurso ambiental que provee al individuo una oportunidad de comportarse) sobre el tiempo de reacción en un grupo de personas con EP y un grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que los sujetos con EP presentaron un mayor tiempo de reacción que los controles, pero también mostraron aprendizaje a lo largo de la tarea y una mayor sensibilidad al efecto sensorial de compatibilidad. Los resultados obtenidos permiten formular hipótesis sobre los efectos paradójicos que el ambiente puede ejercer al combinarse con las potencialidades de personas con EP.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with motor and non-motor symptoms, including rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor, sleep disorders, difficulty swallowing, vegetative symptoms, speech problems and body and facial expression disturbances. Symptoms and disease severity are variable across the patients. Besides, the motion is preserved but the problems of modulation hinder its expression. However, the disease has a particular characteristic called paradoxical kinesia, a quality of the motor system by which people is able to unexpectedly move, contrarily to what is commonly expected for people suffering the inabilities of the disease. Although this paradoxical property is a property of the motor system per se, it is more apparent in movement disorders than in healthy motor behavior and is associated with the environmental stimuli. Several scientific reports have proposed that instead of having movement and perception systems separately, they are integrated in a called action-perception system. Besides, researchers have shown that the environmental scenarios have action properties in relation to this actor action-perception system. For example, a ball in the air has the property of catchability in relation to the perception of the individual, which, in turn, is related to his/her movement. This is called affordance, an environmental resource which provides the individual an opportunity to behave. An affordance represents a relationship between the individual action-perception system with the environmental qualities or learning contexts. We develop a controlled study with limited generalization using a computational tool to evaluate the effect of affordances on reaction time in a group of people with PD and a control group. In each trial an arrow indicating a given direction (right or left) was superposed to a previously displayed image of a rying pan with a handle directed to the right or the left side of the screen. Participants were told to press a key of the side of the keyboard that matches with the arrow direction. It was supposed that the direction of the handle would play the role of an affordance to the perception of the individual; therefore participants could find a conflict between directions of the arrow and the handle. Trial conditions could be two: (a) Compatibility: the directions of the arrow and the handle matched and (b) Incompatibility: those directions did not match. Learning was defined by the decrease of reaction time along the trials. We used a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to explore the relationship between variables and Generalized Linear Mixed Model with repeated measures (MGLM) to model the incidence of successive trials on reaction time. The complete sample included 1050 trials from 4 PD patients and 4 control subjects. Our results showed that (a) reaction times increased with the presence of PD and age of subjects, (b) there was a high incidence of repetition of trials on reaction times of PD and control subjects, and (c) the compatibility between the stimulus and the image affected reaction time on PD patients exclusively. These results indicate that PD patients were able to learn along trials and this learning was favored by an appropriated sensorial arrangement of the stimuli or compatibility effect. Our results let us hypothesize about the paradoxical effects that the environment can exert on people with PD by its combination with their potentialities. Compatibility trials in our study represent appropriate arrangement of stimuli that have been proven to be necessary for the occurrence of paradoxical kinesia. Given that possibility, we can generate learning contexts to help people with PD to develop these behavioral phenomena in order to improve their movement, their relation with their environment and also their quality of life.
ABSTRACT
La miasis humana es el parasitismo de órganos y tejidos producido por especies de larvas del orden Díptera. El diagnóstico se realiza con base en hallazgos clínicos y se confirma con estudios entomológicos. Se presenta el caso de una niña de siete años de edad que fue llevada por su padre al servicio de urgencias por presentar fiebre asociada a una lesión abscedada en el cuero cabelludo, con salida espontánea de larvas. Como hallazgo en el examen físico se reportó pediculosis grave. La paciente fue hospitalizada y tratada con clindamicina, gentamicina e ivermectina, y mostró mejoría de sus condiciones clínicas. Se dio alta médica al cuarto día de estancia hospitalaria. Se recolectaron larvas en estadio dos de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) directamente del área lesionada, observándose la asociación miasis-pediculosis; por lo tanto, se alerta a los trabajadores del área de la salud del riesgo potencial que representa la pediculosis para el desarrollo de la miasis.
Human myiasis is the parasitism of human tissues by fly larvae. Diagnoses are based on clinical pattern of tissue damage and presence of insect stages. Herein, a case myiasis is described in a seven-year-old female child. She presented with fever associated with abscessed scalp lesions containing exposed larvae. Severe pediculosis was also observed. The patient was hospitalized and treated with clindamycin, gentamicin (for bacterial secondary infections) and ivermectin (treatment for lice) after which the patient showed clinical improvement and was discharged four days later. Since human myiasis can be caused by a number of different species, larvae were collected from the patient and identified as those of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Because other cases of coinfestation of flies and lice are on record, health workers are to be alerted about the possible pediculosis-myasis risk.
Subject(s)
Ivermectin , Myiasis , Screw Worm InfectionABSTRACT
Resumo: Os autores relatam um caso de uma criança com malformaçäo congênita do sistema nervoso central-tríade de Currarino-, constituída por anormalidade óssea do sacro, malformaçäo ano-retal e massa pré-sacral. Säo ressaltados, no trabalho, os achados radiológicos, tomográficos e de ressonância magnética do caso e é feita uma revisäo bibliográfica sobre o assunto.