ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential radioprotective effect of kombucha musroom tea (KM – tea) on gamma radiation (g) – induced chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. For this purpose, we used in vitro dose-effect relationship, and correlated these data with statistical parameters. CAs were classified into six major types as break, dicentric, acentric, fragment, gap and ring. Mitotic index (MI) and the numbers of aberrant metaphases (AMN) were also calculated for each donor. Six groups of the lymphocytes were prepared by in vitro culture according to the standard protocol. Group I (control) did not receive any g – radiation or KM – tea, Group II (positive control) was treated with 1000 μl dose of KM – tea alone, Group III was treated with 5 Gy dose of g – radiation alone, Group IV was treated with 250 μl dose of KM – tea before irradiation, Group V was treated with 500 μl KM – tea before irradiation, Group VI was treated with 1000 μl KM–tea before irradiation. The results indicated that all KM–tea supplemented lymphocytes had lower frequency of CAs than in the group treated with g - radiation alone (p<0.05). It was seen that KM – tea had a protective effect againist CAs particularly at 500 and 1000 μl doses. Besides, MI values increased and AMN decreased after application of KM – tea in a dose/ dependent manner. In vitro results showed that KM – tea supplementation may decrease the frequency of CAs and its radioprotective action against ionizing radiation is dose-dependent.
ABSTRACT
In this study, the alterations in serum biochemical parameters of patients with lung cancer exposed to radiotherapy was investigated. For this aim, the levels of serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), bilurubin (BLB), copper (Cu), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were evaluated before and after radiotherapy. Serum enzyme, protein, Na and K levels were determined using an autoanalyzer. Serum Cu analysis was made with Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometre (AAS). Although we found significant increases in levels of GGT, BLB, Cu and K in patients, levels of AST, ALT, ALB and Na in patients showed significant decreases. The levels of serum AST and ALT fairly decreased after radiotherapy. The level of GGT in patients was significant higher than that in the controls before radiotherapy. However, GGT level showed again a distinctly decrease after radiotherapy. There was an inverse relationship among serum BLB, Cu and ALB values. Besides, serum Na levels showed significantly decrease in patients at the end of radiotherapy treatment compared to the controls and before radiotherapy, and K levels increased significantly following radiotherapy. In conclusion, the selected serum parameters are very sensitive and useful biomarkers for the study of the effects of radiotherapy.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of Aluminium (Al) and Cobalt (Co) heavy metal ions on Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Barbunia (Fabaceae) root tips. We used the germination percentage (GP), root length (RL), weight gain (WG) and micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity, and correlated these data with statistical parameters. Additionally to the cytogenetic analysis, lipid peroxidation and DNA analyses were performed in root tips of barbunia seeds treated with Al and Co metals. The seeds were divided into five groups as control, Al and Co treatment groups. They were treated with 25 and 50 ppm doses of Al and Co during 7 days. The results indicated that there was an alteration in the GP, RL, WG and MN frequency depending on the treatment dose in the seeds exposed to Al and Co metal ions when compared with the controls. Al and Co metal ions at both the doses significantly reduced the GP, RL and WG in seeds of all the treatment groups. The highest GP was observed in seeds of the control group (in proportion as 96%). 25 and 50 ppm doses of Co and Al caused 30 , 50 and 42, 64% decrease of seed germination, respectively. In the control group, the final weights of all the seeds increased about 1.31 g when compared to initial weight. The mean RL of control seeds were measured as 3.71 cm at the end of experimental period. In Co and Al groups, the final weights of seeds increased about 0.34 g and 0.19 g according to initial weight at 50 ppm dose, respectively. But, Al and Co ions caused a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of MN. The highest frequency of MN was observed at 50 ppm dose of Al and least frequency of MN was observed at 25 ppm dose of Co. Besides, 25 and 50 ppm concentrations of Al and Co significantly enhanced the lipid peroxidation and caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at both the doses. In roots treated with 25 and 50 ppm doses of Al, the increase of MDA was about 62 and 136% according to control, respectively. In Co-treated roots, the increase of MDA was about 31 and 91% according to the control at 25 and 50 ppm doses, respectively. The investigated parameters (except MN and MDA) were higher in the seeds exposed to Co than the seeds treated with Al. Moreover, it was observed that the yields of DNA in the seeds treated with Al and Co metals were lower than recorded in the controls. Hence, DNA yields exposed to Al and Co were run ahead on agarose gel according to the control group. The results of the present study indicate that Al and Co metal ions have toxic effects on barbunia root tip cells, and the selected parameters such as the GP, RL, WG, MN and MDA are very sensitive and useful biomarkers for biomonitoring these effects.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of kombucha mushroom (KM) tea on cytotoxicity induced by phenol (PHE) in mice. We used weight gain and micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity, and supported these parameters with pathological findings. The animals were randomly divided into seven groups: (Group I) only tap water (Group II) 1000 -l kg-1 b. wt KM– tea, (Group III) 35 mg kg-1 body wt. PHE (Group IV) 35 mg kg-1 body wt. PHE + 250 -l kg-1 b. wt KM–tea (Group V) 35 mg kg-1 b. wt PHE + 500 -l kg-1 b. wt KM–tea (Group VI) 35 mg kg-1 b. wt PHE + 750 -l kg-1 b. wt KM–tea, (Group VII) 35 mg kg-1 b. wt PHE + 1000 -l kg-1 b. wt KM–tea, for 20 consecutive days by oral gavage. The results indicated that all KM–tea supplemented mice showed a lower MN frequency than erythrocytes in only PHE–treated group. There was an observable regression on account of lesions in tissues of mice supplemented with different doses of KM–tea in histopathological observations. In conclusion, the KM–tea supplementation decreases cytotoxicity induced by PHE and its protective role is dose-dependent.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of refinery wastewater collected from different stations of the Kizilirmak river on Vicia faba L. root tip cells. For this aim, we used the germination percentage, root length, weight gain and micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity. Additionally to the cytological analysis, DNA analyses were performed in root tips meristems of Vicia faba seeds treated with refinery wastewater. Heavy metal concentrations in the water samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of heavy metals in the water were in the order of Pb>Zn>Fe>Cu>Ni>Cd>Hg. The highest germination percantage was observed in the control group (in proportion as 96%). Heavy metals in the water samples collected from Station I, II and III caused a decrease in the germination percentage as 48, 18 and 30%, respectively. The highest root length and weight gain was observed in the control group at the end of the experimental period. The least root length and weight gain was observed in seeds treated with wastewater collected from Station I. In the control group, the weights of all the seeds increased about 4.08 g when compared with initial weight. The root lengths of the control seeds were determined as 6.38 cm at the end of the experimental period. The weights of the seeds exposed to wastewaters obtained from Station I, II and III increased about 1.08, 3.03 and 2.01 g according to initial weight, respectively. Microscopic examination of V. faba root tip meristem cells showed that any example of the MN formation was not seen in the control group. The highest frequency of MN was observed in group treated with wastewater collected from Station I and least frequency of MN was observed in group treated with wastewater collected from Station II. It was also observed that the yields of DNA in the seeds exposed to wastewater were lower than recorded in the controls. Hence, DNA yields exposed to wastewater were run ahead on agarose gel according to the control group. The results clearly indicate that refinery wastewater had important cytotoxic effects on V. faba root tip cells. It was also observed that V. faba seeds are very sensitive and useful biomarkers for monitoring these effects in waters contaminated with heavy metals.
ABSTRACT
The Melet is one of Turkey’s economically important rivers. Most of the petroleum plants are located at fairly nearby of the river. This situation is considered as main source of heavy metal pollution in the river. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of Ginkgo biloba (GB) on cytotoxicity induced by petroleum wastewater in Vicia faba root tip cells. For this aim, we used the germination percentage, root length, weight gain and micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity. Additionally to the cytological analysis, lipid peroxidation analyses were also performed in V. faba roots. Heavy metal concentrations in wastewater were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The V. faba seeds were divided into six groups. They were treated with petroleum wastewater and 10, 20 and 30 /M doses of GB. As a result, the mean concentrations of heavy metals in wastewater were observed in the order: Pb>Al>Ni>Cr>Fe>Cu>Zn>Cd. The highest germination percentage was observed in the seeds of the control and positive control groups (in proportion as 98 and 96%, respectively). Wastewater treatment caused a significant decrease in the germination percentage of Group III (in proportion as 44%). The highest root length and weight gain were observed in the seeds of the control and positive control groups at the end of the experimental period. The least root length and weight gain were observed in the seeds of Group III treated with wastewater alone. In the control group, the final weights of all the seeds increased about 4.08 g according to initial weight. The root lengths of the control seeds were measured as 6.80 cm at the end of the experimental period. The final weights of the seeds exposed to wastewater alone increased about 0.90 g according to initial weight. Besides, there was a significantly increase in the MDA levels of the roots exposed to wastewater. Heavy metals in wastewater significantly affected the MDA production indicating lipid peroxidation. But, GB-treatment caused amelioration in indices of the germination percentage, root length, weight gain, MN frequency and lipid peroxidation when compared with group III. Each dose of GB provided protection against wastewater toxicity, and its strongest protective effect observed at dose of 30 /M. In vivo results showed that GB is a potential protector against toxicity induced by petroleum wastewater, and its protective role is dose-dependent.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of lycopene on cytotoxicity induced by mercury in albino mice. The animals were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I (control) were treated with tap water, Group II (positive control) were treated with 20 mg kg-1 d-1 lycopene, Group III were treated with 10 mg kg-1 body weight mercury, Group IV were treated with 10 mg kg-1 body weight mercury + 5 mg kg-1 d-1 lycopene, Group V were treated with 10 mg kg-1 body weight mercury + 10 mg kg-1 d-1 lycopene, Group VI were treated with 10 mg kg-1 body weight mercury + 15 mg kg-1 d-1 lycopene, Group VII were treated with 10 mg kg-1 body weight mercury + 20 mg kg-1 d-1 lycopene once a day for 20 consecutive days by oral gavage. The initial and final weights of all mice were measured by sensitive balance in order to investigate the effect of mercury and lycopene on the body weight of mice. Then, MN slides were prepared using the standard MN assay technique with Giemsa staining from erythrocyte cells of each mouse and were scored using binocular light microscope (Japan, Olympus BX 51). The results indicated that, all lycopene-supplemented lymphocytes showed a lower MN frequency than lymphocytes in only mercury-treated group. It was seen that lycopene had protective effect on MN particularly at 20 mg kg-1 d-1 dose when compared with the other doses. Besides, weight gain increased depending on dose of applied lycopene when compared with only mercury-treated group. In histopathological examinations, although it has been observed severe changes such as hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and tubular degeneration of kidney in only mercury-treated group, there was an observable regression on the severity and account of these lesions in tissues of mice supplemented with different doses of lycopene. In vivo results showed that the lycopene supplementation decreases cytotoxicity induced by mercury and its protective role is dose-dependent.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to evaluate the radioprotective role of lycopene on chromosomal aberrations (CAs) induced by gamma (g) radiation in human lymphocytes. For this purpose, we used in vitro dose-effect relationship, and correlate these data with statistical parameters. CAs were evaluated in terms of chromosome break, dicentric, tricentric, acentric, fragment and ring. Mitotic index (MI) and aberrant metaphase number (AMN) were also calculated. Nine groups of lymphocyte culture were prepared: (I) Control group did not received radiation or lycopene, (II) positive control; lymphocytes were treated only with 0.020 μM lycopene, (III) radiation group; lymphocytes were treated with only 10 Gy g–radiation, (IV) lymphocytes were treated with 0.001 μM lycopene before irradiation, (V) lymphocytes were treated with 0.005 μM lycopene before irradiation, (VI) lymphocytes were treated with 0.010 μM lycopene before irradiation, (VII) lymphocytes were treated with 0.015 μM lycopene before irradiation, (VIII) lymphocytes were treated with 0.018 μM lycopene before irradiation, (IX) lymphocytes were treated with treated with 0.020 μM lycopene before irradiation. The results indicated that all lycopene-supplemented lymphocytes showed a lower CAs frequency than lymphocytes in only radiation treated group. It was seen that lycopene had a protective effect on CAs particularly at 0.010, 0.015 and 0.018 μM concentrations, but this effect saturated at 0.020 μM concentration. Besides, MI increased and AMN decreased depending on applied lycopene doses. In vitro results showed that the lycopene supplementation decreases frequency of CAs and its protective role against chromosome damages induced by radiation is dose-dependent until a certain stage.
ABSTRACT
In this study we tried to define incidence and types of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) caused by radiotherapy (RT) in circulating lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer. For this purpose, we used cumulative dose–effect relationship, and correlate these data with statistical parameters. CAs were evaluated in terms of chromosome break, dicentric, ring and chromosome gap. Abnormal metaphase number (AMN) was also calculated. Chromosome studies were carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 cancer patients receiving RT. Patients were treated with 10 Gy of gamma (g) radiation during five wk(s). In all patients, a significant increase in AMN and frequency of CAs (e.g. chromosome break, dicentric, ring and chromosome gap) observed during the RT depend on cumulative radiation dose when compared to before RT, and this increase was statistically significant (p<0.05). The highest CAs frequency was observed at the end of fifth wk. Among the CAs, chromosome breaks have a high incidence. But no CAs and abnormal metaphase was observed in lymphocytes before RT. The present study showed that RT possess a significant effect in increasing of CAs and chromosome break, dicentric, ring and chromosome gap are very sensitive and useful biomarkers in the study of this effect. In other words, these CAs may be used as possible fingerprints of RT.