ABSTRACT
AbstractDetermining the authenticity and quality of plant raw materials used in the formulation of herbal medicines, teas and cosmetics is essential to ensure their safety and efficacy for clinical use. Some Passiflora species are officially recognized in the pharmaceutical compendia of various countries and have therapeutic uses, particularly as sedatives and anxiolytics. However, the large number of Passiflora species, coupled with the fact that most species are popularly known as passion fruit, increases the misidentification problem. The purpose of this study is to make a pharmacognostic comparison between various Passiflora species to establish a morpho-anatomical profile that could contribute to the quality control of herbal drug products that contain passion fruit. This was conducted by collecting samples of leaves from twelve Passiflora taxa (ten species and two forms of P. edulis): P. actinia, P. alata, P. amethystina, P. capsularis, P. cincinnata, P. edulisf. flavicarpa, P. edulis f. edulis, P. incarnata, P. morifolia, P. urnifolia, P. coccinea and P. setacea, from different locations and their morpho-anatomical features were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopic analysis allowed to indicate a set of characters that can help to differentiate species. These include midrib and petiole shape, midrib and petiole vascular pattern, medium vein shape, presence of trichomes, presence of blade epidermal papillae and sclerenchymatic cells adjoining the vascular bundles. These characters could be used to assist in the determination of herbal drug quality and authenticity derived from a species of Passiflora.
ABSTRACT
Os óleos essenciais, isolados por hidrodestilação de folhas e flores de Myrcia obtecta (O. Berg) Kiaersk. var. obtecta, Myrtaceae, coletadas a cada dois meses em Curitiba, Paraná, durante o período de outubro/2005 a agosto/2006, foram analisados por CG e CG/EM. Os óleos das folhas foram caracterizados pelo elevado conteúdo de sesquiterpenos cíclicos (cerca de 70 por cento) e quantidades variáveis de monoterpenos (5,6-16,7 por cento), compostos alifáticos (0,4-5,5 por cento) e salicilato de metila (0,1-1,5 por cento). Foram identificados 55 componentes, sendo que trans-calameneno (17,029,3 por cento) foi o componente majoritário em todas as amostras. Não houve mudanças significativas na composição, excepto em outubro (floração) quando α-terpineol e trans-calameneno atingiram os maiores níveis (11,2 por cento e 29,3 por cento, respectivamente). O óleo das flores contém salicilato de metila (89 por cento) como constituinte majoritário.
The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves and flowers of Myrcia obtecta (O. Berg) Kiaersk. var. obtecta, Myrtaceae, collected bimonthly in Curitiba, Paraná state, Brazil, from October/2005 to August/2006 were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five components were identified in the leaf oils, which were characterized by predominance of cyclic sesquiterpenes (around 70 percent) and variable amounts of monoterpenes (5.616.7 percent), aliphatic compounds (0.4-5.5 percent) and methyl salicylate (0.1-1.5 percent). The major component in all samples was trans-calamenene (17.0-29.3 percent). The composition did not show significant seasonal variation, except in October (flowering) when α-terpineol and trans-calamenene peaked (11.2 percent and 29.3 percent, respectively). The flower oil was characterized by high content of methyl salicylate (89 percent).
ABSTRACT
Foi realizado o estudo florístico das macrófitas do Município de General Carneiro, localizado no sul do Estado do Paraná, entre as coordenadas 26º 19' 37"/ 26º 26' 40" S e 51º 26' 51"/ 51º 19' 14" W. Os locais de coleta foram as fazendas São Pedro, São Pedro II, Santa Cândida e Lageado Grande, entre os Rios São Pedro, São João, São Manoel, Iratim, Lajeado Grande e Neno. Com a finalidade de se conhecer a flora dos rios e lagoas da região foram realizadas coletas aleatórias das macrófitas entre 2004 e 2006. Os exemplares encontram-se depositados no herbário UPCB e MBM. Registraram-se 45 famílias, 42 de angiospermas, 70 gêneros e 117 espécies. Os ambientes aquáticos são caracterizados floristicamente pelas Cyperaceae, representada por 22 táxons, o que significa cerca de 21 por cento de todos os táxons encontrados, seguidos pelas Poaceae (8), Asteraceae (7) e Polygonaceae (6). Dentre as espécies registradas podemos destacar o primeiro registro para o estado de Lilaeopsis minor Prez-Mor., Apiaceae.
A floristic study of macrophyte communities was conducted at General Carneiro township, situated in Southern Parana State, among 26º 19' 37"/ 26º 26' 40" S and 51º 26' 51"/ 51º 19' 14" W. Samples were collected at São Pedro, São Pedro II, Santa Cândida and Lageado Grande farms, between the rivers São Pedro, São João, São Manoel, Iratim, Lajeado Grande and Neno, in order to study the flora of the rivers and ponds in this region. Macrophyte samples were randomly collected between 2004 and 2006 and registered in the UPCB and MBM herbaria. A total of 45 families was found, 42 of them being angiosperms, 70 genera and 117 species. The aquatic environments are floristicaly characterized by Cyperaceae, represented by 22 taxa, what means approximately 21 percent of all the encountered taxa, followed by Poaceae (8), Asteraceae (7) and Polygonaceae (6). Among the registered species we can highlight the first record in this state of Lilaeopsis minor Prez-Mor, Apiaceae.
ABSTRACT
An inventory of the Erythroxylum's species from the State of Paraná, Brazil, was done and the following species were found: E. ambiguum Peyr., E. amplifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz, E. anguifugum Mart., E. argentinum O.E. Schulz, E. buxus Peyr., E. campestre A. St.-Hil., E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz, E. cuspidifolium Mart., E. deciduum A. St.-Hil., E. gonocladum (Mart.) O.E. Schulz, E. nanum A. St.-Hil., E. pelleterianum A. St.-Hil., E. microphyllum A. St.-Hil., E. myrsinites Mart. and E. suberosum A. St.-Hil.. All of then are taxonomically revised and a new synonym is presented: E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz var. squarrosum O.E. Schulz as synonym of E. cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E. Schulz. Is also discussed the validity of the genus name Erythroxylon Linnaeus against Erythroxylum P. Browne.