ABSTRACT
El cuidado humanitario es un acto del ser, susceptible de evolucionar y conformar una unidad de cuidado a la salud con calidad para todos y requiere también de cuidado para no perder su valor de sentido positivo. Conciliar teoría y práctica no es simple, sino complejo. En este artículo se propone atender la relación Agente de SaludPaciente por ser universal y congruente con el cambio. El enfoque epistemológico puntualiza lo positivo, lo acumulado en la historia no puede desaparecer del presente. La respuesta es integración, hacer coincidir las ciencias formales, con las sociales, humanas y la tecnología. El apoyo cultural es vital, la educación es sólo parte y convoca a construir el nuevo paradigma; al invocarlo se superan las acciones ineficaces. El acto preventivo es a todos los niveles, sea del hospital, la escuela, la comunidad el hogar y la comunidad entera. La Enfermería del futuro, con su desarrollo teórico, contribuye al cambio, del cuidado reduccionista al integral y humanitario. Se propone reforzar la atención al desempeño del Agente de Salud y orientarlo con la disposición Humanitaria. El tema profundiza en el conocimiento del cuidado y le concierne a todo profesional de la salud.
The humanitarian care is an act, the being who may evolve and transformed into a quality unit for everybody's health care. Requires attention, good care, and not to lose the sense of positive value. Must reconcile theory and practice which is not so simple, it is rather complex. We propose to address the Relationship of Health Agent - Patient to a universal approach consistent with the changing nature. The epistemological approach points out the positive sense. The history accumulated knowledge cannot fail at the present time. The answer is integration, to combine formal sciences with social and human, as well as technology. The cultural support is vital for education and is part of it, calls for the build the new paradigm. To invoke it is sufficient to avoid ineffectiveness. The preventive act is at all levels, whether in hospital, school, community, home and the entire community. The future nursing, with the care models, should contribute to shift from the reductionist care to the humanitarian care. Let us reinforce the Health Agent performance and guide it towards a Humanitarian Care. The issue analyzes the care knowledge and is of every health server concern.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, 20th Century , Knowledge , Nursing Care , Philosophy, NursingABSTRACT
In the XVIII century, the English naturalist Stephen Hales started to apply blood sphygmomanometry in animals. Direct recording of the blood pressure was first applied, in the XIX century, by AE Chauveau and JLM Poiseuille. However, it was not until 1856 that it was possible to perform a direct determination of blood pressure in humans by means of a device designed by Faivre. The first sphygmomanometer appeared at the end of the XIX century. The physician Samuel K. von Basch, native of Prague and who lived a few years in Mexico, fabricated successively three models of sphygmomanometers. The first (1881), with a mercury column, proved to be the most practical and useful. This instrument inspired the sphygmomanometer of the Italian physician Scipione Riva-Rocci who presented it in 1896. His sphygmomanometer, supported on the Vierordt principle, could measure manometrically the force needed to stop the pulse wave. Thanks to the research of Russian physician N. Korotkoff, the auscultatory method was added to sphygmomanometry. During the XX century other instruments to measure blood pressure were fabricated: the Pachon's and Plesch's oscillometers, as well as the aneroid manometer. On the other side, the use of direct tensional recordings has subsisted which has allowed to document the wide oscillations of arterial pressure levels during the day. Anyway, the sphygmomanometer with a mercury column has persisted until the present and will still be used for a long time. A new evolving methodology is the continuous ambulatory sphygmomanometry.