ABSTRACT
Background: Recently, Phosphatidylcholine [PC] has been used as an off-label treatment for lipolysis injection, which is associated with inflammatory reaction due to sodium deoxycholate, an emulsifier, so that inflammation as side effect occurs in those patients. Liposome formulation from soybean lipid was thought to be a better and safer alternative. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of Liposomal Soybean Phosphatidylcholine [LSPC] extract from Indonesian soybeans [containing 26% PC] to induce Adipose-derived Stem Cells [ASCs] death in vitro
Methods: Liposomes were prepared using thin film hydration method followed by a stepwise extrusion process to produce a small amount of 41.0-71.3 nm. Liposomal soybean phosphatidylcholine extract [LSPCE], liposomal purified PC [LPCC], and solution of PC+SD were used for comparison. Annexin V-fluorescein Isothiocyanate/ Propidium Iodide [FITC/PI] double staining by flow cytometry and also measurement of caspase-3 activity using ELISA were used to quantify the rate of apoptosis. ASCs viability was measured using MTT assay after induction with liposomes. Morphological changes were shown using a phase-contrast, inverted microscope and Transmission- Electron Microscope [TEM]
Results: The flow cytometry results showed that cells treated with both LSPCE and LPCC showed increase in early apoptosis beginning at 6 hr after incubation, which was confirmed by caspase 3 measurement. MTT assay showed that both LSPCE and LPCC could decrease viability of cells. Cells treated with LSPCE and LPCC showed some rounded cells, which was an early sign of cell death. Cells treated with SD showed extensive membrane damage with necrosis features using TEM
Conclusion: The results above demonstrated that LSPCE induced apoptosis of ASCs
ABSTRACT
Aims: To compare the microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) culture with microscopy and solid culture for diagnosis of TB meningitis and HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, between 2010 and 2012. Methodology: Two groups of patients were included. The first group consisted of 167 consecutive HIV-infected patients presenting with suspected pulmonary TB. The second group consisted of 88 patients with clinical suspicion of TB meningitis. Sputum samples from HIV-associated pulmonary TB patients and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with TB meningitis were analyzed using microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained smears, culture on solid medium (Ogawa), and MODS culture. Results: MODS showed the highest detection rate in both patient groups. Among HIV-associated pulmonary TB patients, positivity of MODS was 31.2% compared with 26.9% for Ogawa and 20.6% for ZN. Among TB meningitis patients, positivity of MODS was 41.2% compared with 38.8% for Ogawa and 8.3% for ZN. The median time to culture positivity was significantly shorter for MODS compared to Ogawa, both for sputum (median 11 vs 21 days) and CSF (14 vs 33 days). In 14 days, MODS detected significantly more cases compared with Ogawa in both patients group (79.2% vs 2.4% and 68.6% vs 0%, respectively). Laboratory staff readily used MODS after two weeks of training. Conclusion: We were able to implement MODS culture as a robust, sensitive, and rapid method for diagnosis of HIV-assoicated pulmonary TB and TB meningitis in a hospital setting in Indonesia. Further studies may be needed to assess the feasibility of MODS culture in other settings and assess its impact on case detection and timely treatment of both forms of TB.
ABSTRACT
Aim: to investigate the prevalence of NERD in Pondok Indah Hospital and its proportion in dyspepsia and GERD patients. Methods: this pre-eliminary study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NERD in Pondok Indah Hospital and its proportion with the term of traditional dyspepsia. Results: 475 medical records of patients who underwent endoscopic procedure in Pondok Indah Hospital in April 2002 - July 2003 had been re-evaluated. Patients aged between 9 - 86 years old (median age of 42), and half of the patients were male (50.5%). Diagnosis at entry was dyspepsia or gastritis (70.5%), while GERD only accounted for 4.8%. Endoscopic results revealed most of patients (55.5%) had mild lesion (non-ulcer). Of 154 patients with GERD, 123 patients (80%) only showed hyperemic mucosa and the other 4 (2.6%) without any abnormalities. Thus, total NERD patients were 127 (26.7%). Conclusion: prevalence of NERD in patients with dyspepsia who underwent endoscopic procedure was 26.7%. This finding supports the fact that NERD is a single disease entity different from dyspepsia. Further study is needed to investigate prevalence of NERD in general population, its risk factors and appropriate management.