ABSTRACT
Liver is supplied by the branches of celiac trunk. Common hepatic artery which is a branch of celiac trunk continues as proper hepatic artery after giving gastroduodenal artery. Proper hepatic artery enters the liver at Porta hepatis after diving into right and left hepatic artery. The knowledge of branching patterns of arteries and their variations is important in various surgical and radiological procedures. During routine dissection conducted in the Department of Anatomy, MMC&RI, Mysore, an accessory left hepatic artery was seen arising from left gastric artery in an elderly male cadaver aged around 60 years. An accessory left hepatic artery was arising from left gastric artery and was entering the left lobe of liver. In less than 1% of cases, the accessory left hepatic artery supplies the part of left lobe of liver or whole liver. Knowledge of anomalous origin of left hepatic artery is important for successful liver transplant surgeries, hepatobiliary operations, gastrectomies, hiatal surgery for gastro esophageal reflex, bariatric surgeries and in selective arterial chemotherapy for liver cancers. Ligation or laceration of this artery during surgeries causes fatal ischemic necrosis of left lobe of liver.
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: The reaction time has been known as an important psychophysical method useful for relating mental events to physical measures. Also it has been utilized as an index of sensory, motor and cognitive processes since the inception of the study of behaviour as a laboratory science. So the present study was undertaken to observe and compare the responses of young males and females in predictable and unpredictable environmental setting by employing choice reaction time tasks with constant fore-period of 2 seconds and randomly occurring variable fore-periods of 0.6, 2, 4, 6 seconds. Methods: The choice reaction time tasks were performed for visual and auditory stimuli with constant and variable fore-periods using “Techno Digital Response Time” apparatus. The data were analyzed by Z test. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: It was observed that choice reaction times to visual as well as auditory stimuli were lesser in males than in females (p < 0.001) in both constant and variable fore-periods. It was also observed that auditory choice reaction time was shorter than visual choice reaction time. Conclusions: In conclusion, males have shorter reaction time than females. Males react faster than females to changes in the external environment and males are quicker in responding to the unpredictable situations. Choice reaction time (CRT) to auditory stimulus is shorter than that to visual stimulus in both males and females.