Associations of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking Behaviors with Depressed Mood According to Gender in Korean Young Adults / 가정의학회지

Background@#Recent studies have reported that chronic mental health problems often emerge in young adulthood. This study elucidated the independent effects of smoking and drinking on depressed mood in young adults by sex. @*Methods@#We used Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018. A total of 3,391 participants aged 19–35 years, without serious chronic diseases, were recruited for this study. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). @*Results@#Smoking behavior, current smoking, and number of days smoked were significantly associated with higher PHQ-9 scores in both men and women (all P<0.05). However, past and ever smoking were positively associated with PHQ-9 scores only in women (all P<0.001). Regarding alcohol consumption, the age at which drinking first began was negatively associated with PHQ-9 scores in both men and women (all P<0.001), but the amount of alcohol consumed at 1 time was positively associated with PHQ-9 scores only in women (P=0.013). Men who drank 2–4 times a month and women who had not drunk during the past year had the lowest PHQ-9 scores. @*Conclusion@#Smoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with depressed mood in young Korean adults, which was more pronounced in women, and exhibited sex-specific characteristics.

Is the shock index a useful tool in trauma patients with alcohol ingestion?

Objective@#Alcohol consumption is a frequent risk factor for trauma. The shock index is widely used to predict the prognosis of trauma, and alcohol can influence the shock index in several ways. This study investigated the usefulness of the shock index in trauma patients who had ingested alcohol. @*Methods@#This was a retrospective, observational, single-center study. We performed a logistic regression analysis to assess the association between alcohol consumption and massive transfusions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the predictive value of the shock index for patients who had ingested alcohol. @*Results@#A total of 5,128 patients were included in the study. The alcohol-positive group had lower systolic blood pressure and higher heart rate; consequently, the shock index in this group was higher. There was no significant difference between the proportion of the alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative groups who underwent massive transfusions and suffered hospital mortality compared to the overall proportion of patients who underwent massive transfusion based on the shock index. In the logistic regression analysis, the alcohol-negative group showed higher odds ratios for massive transfusions compared to the alcohol-positive group. The area under the ROC curve for predicting massive transfusion was 0.831 for the alcohol-positive group and 0.825 for the alcohol-negative group. However, when a cutoff value of 1 was used, the false positive rate was significantly higher in the alcohol-positive group. @*Conclusion@#The shock index is a useful tool for predicting outcomes in patients with trauma. However, in patients who have ingested alcohol, the shock index should be interpreted with caution.

Great Toenail Dystrophy: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: There have been a few reported cases of congenital great toenail dystrophy (GTND), described as a congenital malalignment of the great toenails. However, acquired GTDN is rare, and has not been documented extensively. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of 21 patients with acquired GTND. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with acquired GTND who visited Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital between June 2005 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 43.1 years (range, 17 to 88 years), and the cohort predominantly comprised women (18/21). In our experience, all acquired GTND patients presented with yellow or yellow-brownish chromonychia, onychotrophy, and onycholysis. Conservative treatment with tape methods and grinding, as well as nail extraction, was provided and yielded little improvement in any case. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial data on the nail changes affecting the great toenail, such as yellowish chromonychia, onychomadesis, and onycholysis. These data may help physicians to distinguish various nail disorders, including onychomycosis, congenital malalignment of the great toenails, and yellow nail syndrome.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Arising in a Patient with Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites / 가정의학회지

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is defined as the appearance of intense skin reactive lesions and systemic symptoms subsequent to mosquito bites. Most cases of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites reported thus far have been associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection or natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. In this study, we describe the case of an 18-year-old Korean boy who had hypersensitivity to mosquito bites associated with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. After a mosquito bite, the patient developed a progressive cutaneous nodule on his left lower leg and regional lymphadenopathy in the left inguinal area. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings suggested anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the left T4 vertebrae, left external iliac lymph nodes, left inguinal lymph nodes, and lateral subcutaneous region of the left lower leg. According to the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, as well as the imaging data, the patient was diagnosed with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Consequently, the patient received a total of 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone chemotherapy at 3-week intervals, after which the lesions regressed.

Bone Mineral Density According to Exercise and Physical Activity in Premenopausal Women / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: Exercise and physical activity may increase bone mineral density (BMD), especially in premenopausal women. However, previous studies have concentrated on postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to evaluate the independent associations of exercise and physical activity with BMD in premenopauseal women. MATERIAL & METHODS: One hundred premenopausal women were recruited from outpatient clinics and a health promotion center in a university hospital located in Seoul. We measured the BMD of lumbar spine and hip using dual energy X-ray absoptiometry. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and exercise status were obtained from self-reported questionnaires. The Stanford questionnaire was used to assess physical activity. RESULTS: Age and body mass index-adjusted ANCOVA revealed that the mean BMD at the spine and hip was not significantly associated with exercise time. The mean BMD at the spine was significantly higher in women who exercised regularly > or =3 a week than in women who exercised or =3 times every week had significantly higher spine BMDs. The increase in physical activity was significantly associated with higher BMD at the spine and femur neck.

Dietary supplement use by South Korean adults: Data from the national complementary and alternative medicine use survey (NCAMUS) in 2006

There has been little data on the prevalence of supplement use and the characteristics of the dietary supplement users in the Republic of Korea. This study presents the prevalence and the details of any dietary supplement use and the characteristics of the adults who use dietary supplements in the Republic of Korea. Between May 18 and June 16, 2006, nationwide and population-weighted personal interviews with 6,201 adult aged from 30 to 69 years were conducted and the final sample consisted of 3,000 people with a 49.8% response rate. We examined the prevalence and details of the use of dietary supplements and the characteristics of those who use the dietary supplement among adults. About sixty two percent of adults had taken any dietary supplement during the previous 12-month period in 2006. The most commonly reported dietary supplement was ginseng, followed by multivitamins, glucosamine, probiotics, and vitamin C. Female (versus male), an older age group, a higher family income, those living in metropolitan cities, those with marital experience, those with a higher level of education, and those having medical problems had a greater likelihood of reporting the use of any dietary supplements. The particular relationships differed depending on the type of supplement. The most Korean adults took one more dietary supplement and the dietary supplement users had different demographic and health characteristics compared to those of the nonusers. Research on diet supplements by the medical community is needed in the future.

Perception and Experience of CAM Education for Family Practice Residents by Family Practice Training Faculty in South Korea

BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is popular and current trend suggests a demand for CAM education during residency training. Our objective was to assess perception, the need and experience of CAM education for family practice residents by training faculty. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to family physicians (n=262) who were registered in the Korean Academy of Family Medicine as residency training faculty between February and May 2006. RESULTS: One hundred and seven (40.8%) of 262 faculty completed the questionnaires. Eighty three (77.6%) respondents recognized the need of CAM education during residency training and fifty two (46.8%) respondents have already educated some kind of CAM. Thirty nine (36.4%) respondents replied that partial CAM educational contents were given out at conferences. Seventy eight (72.9%) respondents recognized the need for educating residents on the general outlines of CAM along with education on verified CAM. Sixty six (61.7%) respondents replied that the Korean Academy of Family Medicine should host such education. CONCLUSION: Most family practice training faculty recognized the need for providing CAM education for family practice residents during residency training, but about an half of family practice training faculty did not have experiences of CAM education.

Factors Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on ECG in Middle-aged Normotensive Healthy Men

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to elucidate which factors affected left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on ECG in middle-aged normotensive healthy men. METHODS: A total of 436 normotensive office workers who visited the health examination center of St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Korea from August 1 to October 30, 2002, were divided into two groups; 138 with LVH on ECG were grouped as LVH and 298 who showed no LVH on ECG were grouped as non-LVH. Questionnaires on history of smoking, drinking and exercise were filled out, and body fat, body mass index, blood pressure and biochemical markers were measured. Related factors with LVH on ECG were statistically analyzed with Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean alcohol intake (g/day) were significantly elevated in the LVH group (P0.1). On logistic regression analysis, there was a significant increase in odds ratio for LVH with increase in diastolic blood pressure (adjusted OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.019~1.077), with exercise more than 3 times a week (adjusted OR 2.317, 95% CI 1.258~4.269) and with increased alcohol intake (adjusted OR 1.010, 95% CI 1.001~1.019). In contrast, odds ratio for LVH decreased as the pulse rate per minute increased (adjusted OR 0.974, 95% CI 0.952~0.997). In detailed analysis comparing those who exercised regularly more than 3 times a week with those who exercised less than 3 times a week, the increase in diastolic blood pressure was a significant factor which increased the odds ratio for LVH in both groups. A significant increase in the odds ratio by mean alcohol intake per day was shown only in a group who exercised less than 3 times a week. CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, in normotensive middle-aged men with LVH on ECG, patients should be monitored for regular exercise and increase in diastolic blood pressure should be regarded as a risk factor for LVH on ECG irrespective of exercise. In those who do not do exercise regularly, diastolic blood pressure as well as alcohol intake should be evaluated as risk factors for LVH

The Association between Obesity Indices and Physical Fitness

BACGROUND: Physical fitness is defined as the ability to carry out work necessary for muscle exercise satisfactorily. Generally, obese person have been considered to have low physical performance. In addition, obesity has been known to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and coronary arterial disease. Based on previous epidemiologic studies, abdominal obesity, especially, visceral obesity, is thought to be more important risk factor for cardiovascular disease rather than obesity itself. Therefore, the interest on assessment of abdominal visceral fat has been increasing. The aim of this study was to see the difference in physical fitness and blood pressure according to obesity degree assessed by BMI, and compare the anthropometric obesity indices with abdominal visceral fat accumulation measured by abdominal CT (Computed Tomogram). METHODS: Four hundred thirty-two subjects, who participated in the exercise program for more than one month duration at the 'Clinic for Obesity' in St. Mary's Hospital from November 1998 to June 2000, were included in the analysis. They were categorized into 4 groups [severe obesity group (BMI 30), obesity group (25 BMI <30), overweight group (23 BMI<25), normal group (BMI<23)] according to their BMI. Blood pressure, anthropometric obesity indices and physical fitness (V02 max, back muscle strength, sit up, forward bending, vertical jump, side step, balance) were measured by one skillful exercise trainer. Among them, one hundred thirty-one subjects performed abdominal CT to assess visceral fatness. We compared anthropometric indices (waist to hip ratio, body mass index, abdominal circumference, skin foldness) with abdominal visceral fat accumulation measured by CT. RESULTS: Blood pressure, cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, muscle strength, speed and balance were significantly different among the four groups categorized by BMI in both sexes, but flexibility and agility were not significant. In women, the correlation coefficients between visceral fat area measured by abdominal CT and each of waist to hip ratio, BMI, abdominal circumference, and skin foldness adjusted for age were 0.487, 0.479, 0.464, 0.31, respectively (P<0.01). However in men, there were no significant correlations. CONCLUSION: Obesity tended to increase blood pressure, and reduce physical performance. Only in women, obesity related indices reflected the abdominal visceral fat accumulation.

Age Associated Changes in Body Mass Index and Body Fat Distribution

BACKGROUND: Body mass index is currently applied as the diagnostic standard of overweight and obesity, regardless of age. Percentage body fat ratio applies separate standards among different sex, but does not have separate standards for different age groups. Since body mass index and percentage body fat may differ according to age, we conducted this study to see if a separate standard for overweight and obesity is indeed necessary for different age groups. METHODS: We selected 2,190 subjects, who were the 10 percent picked randomly by computer, among 21,921 clients who had visited the St. Mary's Hospital's health promotion center in Seoul. Those diagnosed with diabetes, thyroid disease, renal failure, and tuberculosis were excluded, leaving 1,939 over the age of 20, as final subjects. Anthropometric measurements were done using electronic scales and height meters, while body composition was measured with a multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis (Inbody 3.0 Biospace, Seoul). The results of this study were shown in mean and standard deviation, and mean values according to ages were compared by Ancova test. RESULTS: In the case of adult men, percentage body fat increased with age. This was observed especially with subjects over 30 compared to subjects in their 20s, although not proven to be statistically significant. A decrease in fat free mass rather than increase in body fat mass was noted with aging. With adult women, percentage body fat increased markedly with subjects over 50, mainly due to increased body fat mass rather than decreased fat free mass. Subjects exceeding a body mass index of 25, which is the standard limit of body mass index for obesity, was 60th percentile for adult men, and 70~80th percentile for adult women. Percentage body fat in this case was 22.54% for men and 31.99~33.46% for women. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that both men and women show changes in body mass index and fat free mass with aging. Hence, there are limitations to applying a universal standard for body mass index, regardless of age. We suggest that further studies on standards for adult obesity should be conducted based on specific Korean epidemiologic data.

Effects of Theanine on the Release of Brain Alpha Wave in Adult Males

L-theanine Is an amino acid in green tea and has been known to decrease serotonin and increase norepinephrine in rat brains, and also reported to produce mental relaxation, lower blood pressure and improve learning ability in human beings. But, few studies on these effects for human beings have been conducted so far. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-theanine on the release of brain alpha waves known to be related with mental relaxation and concentration. Twenty healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 30 years without any Physical and Psychological diseases were recruited through written advertisement. Alpha power values of EEG as a surrogate marker of mental relaxation and concentration were measured in frontal and occipital regions for 40 minutes after administration of four placebo or test tablets and 20 minute resting period. The same procedure crossed over at 7-day intervals. We analyzed average alpha power values in frontal and occipital regions at 10 minute intervals. Repeated ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences of occipital alpha power values between placebo and test groups with high anxiety (p0.05) . The results of this study suggest that L-theanine containing tablets promote the release of alpha waves related to mental relaxation and concentration in young adult males.

Comparative Analysis of Phospholipase D2 Localization in the Pancreatic Islet of Rat and Guinea Pig

To examine the localization pattern of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in the pancreatic islet (the islet of Langerhans) depending on species, we conducted a morphological experiment in the rat and guinea pig. Since individual islets display a typical topography with a central core of B cell mass and a peripheral boundary of A, D, and PP cells, double immunofluorescent staining with a panel of antibodies was performed to identify PLD2-immunoreactive cells in the islets PLD2 immunoreactivity was mainly present in A and PP cells of the rat pancreatic islets. And yet, in the guinea pig, PLD2 immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in A cells, and not in PP cells. These findings suggest a possibility that PLD2 is mainly located in A cells of rodent pancreatic islets, and that the existence of PLD2 in PP cells is not universal in all species. Based on these results, it is suggested that PLD2 may play a significant role in the function of A and/or PP cells via a PLD-mediated signaling pathway.

The Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Anemia in Patients with Gastritis

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori has been known to be not only associated with gastrointestinal diseases but also to be reported in several cases of increased incidence of anemia. The anemia associated with H. pylori infection was reported though the population studies and case reports. But in Korea, there have been not enough studies especially in adults group, so we investigated to find out if H. pylori infection is associated with anemia in adults with gastritis. METHODS: Subjects were 382 men older than 40 years and 158 postmenopausal women, who had visited a general hospital for physical examination from May 2001 to October 2001 and diagnosed as only gastritis. Data were analysed for the effects of H. pylori infection on anemia using logistic regression test. RESULTS: In men, Pearson correlation coefficients between age and hemoglobin, and hematocrit were -0.163, -0.136, respectively (P0.05) respectively. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age showed the lower odds ratio for anemia in both men and women without H. pylori than in those with H. pylori, but it was not significant. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection seems not to affect hemaglobin and hematocrit in the middled-aged men and the postmenopausal women with gastritis. Further investigations will be necessary for various individuals including infants and premenopausal women who may have high incidence for anemia.

The Effects of L-theanine Containing Functional Beverage on Mental Relaxation and Fatigue Perception

BACKGROUND: L-theanine is one of the most popular amino acids in green tea and has been known to produce mental relaxation, lower blood pressure and improve learning ability in human beings. But, few studies on these effects for human beings have been conducted so far. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-theanine containing functional beverage on mental relaxation and fatigue perception. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers aged 30 to 55 years those who has had persistent fatigue for more than 1 month without any specific disease were recruited through written advertisement. All the subjects gave their informed consent, and the study was approved by Institutional Review Board of St. Mary's Hospital. This study was performed in a randomized placebo controlled double blind cross over fashion. Pathologic fatigue due to disease state was screened through medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and questionnaires. alpha to beta power value of EEG as a surrogate marker of mental relaxation was measured in frontal and occipital regions for an hour after administration of placebo or test (200 mg L-theanine) solutions and crossed over at 7-day intervals. We analyzed average alpha to beta power value of EEG in frontal and occipital regions at 10 minute intervals for each 5 minutes. The baseline and 7-day follow-up scores of fatigue severity scale (FSS) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Repeated ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences of frontal alpha to beta power value between placebo and test in high anxiety group (P0.05). Fatigue score was significantly decreased in test (P0.05) after 7-day administration of placebo or test solutions. The mean differences from baseline in placebo and test were 0.42, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest that L-theanine containing functional beverage should promote alpha to beta power value in relation to mental relaxation, and also have the effect of reducing the fatigue perception.

Adolescent health Care

No abstract available.

The relationship between physical fitness and fatigue among female employees in general hospitals

BACKGROUND: Physiological fatigue due to excessive physical activities and lack of proper rest is commonly observed among workers. Previous studies suggested that physiological fatigue can be related to individual physical fitness. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and the degree of fatigue in 95 female employees in general hospitals. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers who were employed by two general hospitals located in Seoul and Kyunggido. The degree of fatigue using fatigue severity scale and physical fitness including % body fat, waist-hip ratio, maximal oxygen uptake, both grip strengths, back muscle strength, sit ups, flexibility, and broad jump were assessed. Data were analysed to examine the relationship between the degree of fatigue and each physical fitness. RESULTS: 1. Fatigue severity scale was significantly increased with increasing age and commuting time. Drinking alcohol was significantly related to increased fatigue severity scale. 2. Fatigue severity scale was significantly decreased with increasing number of family members and length of service. 3. Fatigue severity scale was significantly decreased with increasing both grip strengths , maximal O2 uptake, and sit ups. CONCLUSION: The physical fitness factors including both grip strengths, maximal O2 uptake, and sit ups were considered to be important predictors in the evaluation of the degree of physiological fatigue.

Drug Effect and Generic Substitution

No abstract available.

The relationship between grip strength and femoral and vertebral bone mineral density in peri-and postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: It is widely acepted that muscle strength and bone mineral density have a significant positive correlation and most previous literature focus on the association between specific muscle groups and adjacent bones. This study examined the association of grip strength with bone density at distant sites, such as spine and femur area in peri- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: The study subjects were 30 perimenopausal and 108 post menopausal women aged 40 years older. Bone mineral density was measured in both the dominant and nondominant hands using a dynamometer. Other data was gathered from the questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant negative correlations were noted between spinal and femoral bone mineral density and age and post menopausal duration, and significant positive correlations were fiund between spinal and femoral bone mineral density and body wweight, height, body mass index and both grip strength. Those who exercised had significantly higher spinal bone mineral density than those who did not and smokers had significantly lower spinal bone density than nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in bone mineral density by estrogen and calcium use. The multiple regression analysis examined the associatrion of grip strength in the dominant hand to a bone mineral density after adjustment for the confounding covariates. CONCLUSION: Weak grip strength in the dominant hand is a marker for lower bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women. Grip strength can be a useful index of osteoporosis.

Validity analysis of for exercise tests in assessing aerobic capacity of young men

BACKGROUND: Assessment of aerobic capacity (VO2max) is one of the essential components in exercise prescription for health promotion and maintenance. This study was conducted to compare the validity of four exercise tests to assess aerobic capacity in young adult male subjects by comparing them to the values measured from maximal ergometer exercise test (criterion VO2max). METHODS: Twenty young healthy adult males (M+/-SD=21.1+/-1.5 years) volunteered as subjects. Criterion VO2max was calculated and printed out automatically by computerized analysis system of expired air samples collected during maximal ergometer exercise test. VO2max was estimated for each subject from heart rate at submaximal workloads on the cycle ergometer using the Astrand-Rhyming nomogram(A/R) and Fox protocol(FOX) and the computerized multiple extrapolation method (XTP). The score got from Havard step test(H/S) was used to compare the validity. The validity of the procedures was based on the evaluation of the predicted VO2max (from A/R, FOX, XTP, and H/S) versus the criterion VO2max via the calculation of constant error (CE=mean difference for predicted minus criterion VO2max), r value, standard error of the estimate[SEE=SD(1-r2)(1/2)], total error [TE=(sigma(predicted VO2max - criterion VO2max)(2)/n)(1/2)]. RESULTS: In relation to criterion VO2max, the XTP and A.R underpredicted (XTP: 40.8 ml/kg/min SD=4.1; A/R: 37.3 ml/kg/min SD=5.0) and the H/S and FOX overpredicted (H/S: 48.0 ml/kg/min SD=5.9: FOX 46.3 ml/kg/min SD=5.5). Dunnett post-hoc procedures revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) mean differences (CE) for VO2max from A/R versus criterion. The validity coefficients for VO2max derived from XTP, H/S, A/R, and FOX were 0.68, 0.53, 0.50, and 0.49, respectively. TE of the XTP, FOX, H/S and A/R, which accounts for the effects of both the CE and SEE, were 5.73, 6.13, 6.75, and 8.87, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the XTP is recommended first for estimation VO2max in young adult males. It is also considered that further studies about female and other age groups are necessary.

The effects of different exercises on regional bone density in young adult female athletes

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that regular exercise may increase bone mineral density. However, the effects on bone mineral density are different depending on the types of exercises and recent studies on the effects of different exercises on bone mineral density are insufficient. This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2 different exercises(Judo, Taekwondo) and physical fitness(back muscle strength, grip strength, broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, sit ups) on regional BMD. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers aged 19 to 22 years and consisted of eight Judo athletes, twelve Taekwondo athletes, and eight nonathletic controls. We measured their bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, Wards triangle, femoral shaft and distal radius using dual energy X ray absorptiometry and assessed their physical fitness. We investigated the mean differences of regional bone mineral density between the groups and the relationships between physical fitness and regional bone mineral density. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that there were significant differences in the regional bone mineral density between the groups. The Judo athletes group had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft, distal radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine than the control group and had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft and distal radius.than the Taekwondo atheletes group. There were no significant differences of bone density in all the regions between the Taekwondo atheletes and the control groups. Partial correlation coefficients between the back muscle strength and the bone density of Wards triangle, greater trochanter, distal radius, femoral neck, femoral shaft, and lumbar were 0.581, 0.570, 0.526, 0.502, 0.424, and 0.418, Respectively (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between the broad jump and the bone density of femoral neck, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft were 0.577, 0.539, and 0.457, respectively(P<0.05). Correlations of the grip strength, flexibility, sit ups and vertical jump with bone density of all regions were not high(r< or=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different types of exercises showed different effects of bone density. The back muscle strength among the physical fitness factors was considered to be the most important predictor of bone density. In the future, further studies are necessary for the effects of other exercises on bone density.