ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: It is very important to accurately estimate the age of foetus for various medicolegal cases. This study is an attempt to establish a relationship between anthropometric measurements and histologic analysis of liver and kidney to identify gestational age of the foetus. Methods: The study was carried on 30 fetuses. Their anthropometric measurements were done using Vernier calipers. The data was statistically analyzed by computation to find out its normative value. Histologic analysis was done by preparing hematoxylin and eosin stained slides and looking under light microscope. The relationship between gestational age and data thus obtained was determined. Results: Size of liver and kidneys increased with every trimester. The kidney showed immature duct system and clustered glomeruli with lack of differentiation into cortex and medulla in first trimester. Tubular differentiation started in second trimester which finished in third trimester with formation of juxtaglomerular apparatus. Size of glomerulus was, however, maximum during second trimester, followed by first and third trimester. In liver, haemopoeisis was observed in first trimester which decreased with subsequent trimesters. Lobular differentiation increased with each trimester. However, full term liver did not have the classic lobular pattern. Size of sinusoids decreased with every trimester. Abundant fibrous tissue was observed around portal triad. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the gestational age and anthropometric measurements and histologic features of liver and kidney of the foetus. This will help in identifying foetal age as well as any congenital kidney and liver diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study is to probe into the normal anatomy of the optic canal by comparison of dry skull and computed tomography [CT] images of live subjects
Materials and Methods: The optic canals of 107 normal subjects were examined by thin layer CT scan images in axial and coronal sections. 25 dry skulls were examined by using sliding Vernier caliper. The width, height of optic canal in both opening [cranial and orbital side] were measured. The medial, lateral walls [LWs] of optic canal were also measured. By using mathematical formula, the area of optic canal was calculated. Student's t-test was applied to compare the results statistically
Results: The height of optic canal at orbital and cranial opening in both CT and direct study was 4.12 +/- 0.63 mm, 3.6 +/- 0.76 mm and 5.7 +/- 0.76 mm, 5.17 +/- 0.81 mm, respectively. The width at orbital and cranial opening in both CT and direct was 2.98 +/- 0.56 mm, 4.59 +/- 0.83 mm and 4.74 +/- 0.47 mm, 5.48 +/- 0.76 mm, respectively. The length of medial and LW in both CT and direct study was 10.63 +/- 1.72 mm, 9.2 +/- 1.33 mm and 9.1 +/- 1.46 mm, 8.66 +/- 1.31 mm, respectively. The area was 1.43 cm[2] in direct study and in CT study it was 1.19 cm[2]
Conclusion: Given parameters may be helpful for surgeons to plan the proper way to approach the optic canal