Association of CAPN10 gene (rs3842570) polymorphism with the type 2 diabetes mellitus among the population of Noakhali region in Bangladesh: a case-control study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial, polygenic, and metabolically complicated disease. A large number of genes are responsible for the biogenesis of T2DM and calpain10 (CAPN10) is one of them. The association of numerous CAPN10 genetic polymorphisms in the development of T2DM has been widely studied in different populations and noticed inconclusive results. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the plausible association of CAPN10 polymorphism SNP-19 (rs3842570) with T2DM and T2DM-related anthropometric and metabolic traits in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. This case-control study included 202 T2DM patients and 75 healthy individuals from different places in Noakhali. A significant association (p 0.05). Additionally, SNP-19 genetic variants showed potential associations with the anthropometric and metabolic traits of T2DM patients in terms of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Our approach identifies the 2R/3R genotype of SNP-19 as a significant risk factor for biogenesis of T2DM in the Noakhali population. Furthermore, a large-scale study could be instrumental to correlate this finding in overall Bangladeshi population.

Medical treatment of missed miscarriage before 24 Week of gestation at Liaquat University Hospital

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of misoprostol in termination of missed miscarriage under 24-weeks gestation

Methodology: This descriptive observational study was conducted on 100 cases of missed miscarriage in the Department of Gynecology, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad for the period of one year i.e. from 1[st] January 2007 to 31[st] December 2007. Women with missed miscarriage of less than 24-weeks of gestation requiring termination of pregnancy were included in this study whereas Women with other types of miscarriage like incomplete, threatened miscarriages, gestational trophoblastic disease, liver disease and disturbed coagulation profiles were excluded from the study

Results: Mean age of the patients was 26.79+/-4.82 years. Fifty three [53%] women had no previous history of miscarriage. Average gestational age was 14.75+/-4.96 weeks. Forty four [44%] patients needed surgical treatment while 56% had complete miscarriage with medical [misoprostol] treatment

Conclusion: Misoprostol has proven to be a safe and effective method for the management of missed miscarriage

To compare the safety and efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration with misoprostol [ST mom] 600mg in incomplete miscarriage

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of manual vacuum aspiration, and oral misoprostol in incomplete miscarriage

STUDY DESIGN: Comparative randomized controlled trial study

STUDY SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology [Unit-II] Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh from May 2011 to April 2012

MATERIAL AND METHOD: All eligible women who full filled the inclusion criteria were included in study after taking written informed consent. A total 222 women were included in study

In each group 111 were randomized either with 600 microgram ST mom or suction evacuation by MVA. Sample was randomized using computer generated random sequence. Opaque sealed study envelop were used for allocation. Primary outcome measure was to assess the efficacy of method in form of complete evacuation. Secondary outcome measure was occurrence of complication

RESULTS: 111 patients were randomized in each group. Mean age [years], parity and gestational age of study population were 28.4+/- 5.2, 3+/- 2 and 8.9+/- 12. Three patients in misoprostol [ST mom] group complain of pain while in MVA group none of patient complain of pain. So for safety is concern MVA is safer than misoprostol [p-value less than 0.031]

CONCLUSION: Both MVA and misoprostol can be used, as an effective method of uterine evacuation in incomplete abortion of < 12 weeks. MVA is significantly safer than misoprostol in terms of side effects

Prevalence and risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients attending gynecological outpatient department of tertiary care hospital

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency and risk factors for Cervical intra epithelial neoplasia [CIN] in patients screened with cervical cytology in gynecology outpatient department [OPD] of tertiary care hospital

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional description study

PLACE AND DURATION: Gynecological outpatient department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh from July to December 2011

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All sexually active women between age group 15 to 65 visiting to gynecology OPD who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking the consent. Frequency and predisposing factors for CIN were analyzed after entering in predesigned proforma

RESULTS: During study period 32 [4.5%] patients out of 700 were found positive for CIN. 297 patients [42.4%] had report positive for human papilloma virus. Mean age of patients positive for CIN were 37.5 +/- 9.4 years. Nineteen [59.4%] patients were married before 15 years of age

Twenty nine [90.6%] patients belonged to poor socioeconomic status and eleven [34.3%] patients were smoker. All patients were muslims and house wives

CONCLUSION: Though the frequency of CIN in current study was only 4.5% but infection due to human papilloma virus was much more [42.4%].Timely treatment and structured follow up of these patients can reduce carcinoma cervix in these patients

Giant fibroadenoma of breast in an adolescent girl

A 12-year-old girl presented with a 15 x 15 cm, rapidly enlarging mass in left breast. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed a benign proliferative breast lesion. Total excision of the mass was done preserving nipple and areola. Histopathology features were suggestive of giant fibroadenoma with benign phyllodes

Frequency, knowledge and practice of tobacco smoking in pregnant women at outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital

Objective: to determine frequency, knowledge, and practice of tobacco smoking in pregnant women visiting outpatient department of Liquate University Hospital Hyderabad

Study design: descriptive observational study

Subjects and methods: study carried out at Liquate University Hospital Hyderabad from 1[st] Dec 2009 to 31[st] Jan 2010. All pregnant ladies visited the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for antenatal care with an age range 18-46 years were enrolled for study. Semi structured questionnaire consisting various items used to explore the range of knowledge and practice of pregnant women as far as tobacco smoking is concerned. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0

Results: a total of 350 pregnant women were included in this study. Frequency of tobacco smoking was 60.57% [212]. 179[51.14%] women were also using smokeless tobacco along with smoking. Only 42 [12%] knew hazards of tobacco consumption .Knowledge was high in 27 [7.71%] patients. Peer pressure was the reason for commencement of smoking in 234[66.85%] of women and depression in 60[17.14%]

Conclusion: tobacco consumption is a major health problem in pregnant woman. Obstetrician should promote smoking cessation during pregnancy using evidence based methods

Assessment of efficacy and safety of manual vacuum aspiration [MVA]

Objective: To assess the efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration [MVA] in term of complete uterine evacuation of product of conception. Secondary end point was to assess safety of procedure

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study

Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit-II Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad Sindh from 15[th] October 2008 to 14[th] September 2009. PATIENT and METHOD: A retrospective review medical records of patients who underwent MVA was carried out. Primary out come measures were efficacy and secondary out come measures were to assess prevalence of complications

Results: During study period 146 patients underwent surgical management for early pregnancy demise, incomplete miscarriage, retained product of conception after full term pregnancy. Out of 146, 112 patients were scheduled to undergo MVA. Efficacy of procedure was 88.18% [97/110]. Incomplete uterine evacuation was seen in 11 patients [9.82%], while 2 patients started to bleed heavily and shifted in Operation Theater in emergency

Conclusion: MVA was introduced in Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science [LUMHS] for last 1 year. It is effective, cheap and should be considered to avoid prolonged hospital stay and cost

Comparison between open and closed methods of herniorrhaphy in calves affected with umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernias in calves commonly present to veterinary clinics, which are normally secondary to failure of the normal closure of the umbilical ring, and which result in the protrusion of abdominal contents into the overlying subcutis. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of commonly-used herniorrhaphies for the treatment of reducible umbilical hernia in calves. Thirty-four clinical cases presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh from July 2004 to July 2007 were subjected to comprehensive study including history, classification of hernias, size of the hernial rings, presence of adhesion with the hernial sacs, postoperative care and follow-up. They were reducible, non-painful and had no evidence of infection present on palpation. The results revealed a gender influence, with the incidence of umbilical hernia being higher in female calves than in males. Out of the 34 clinical cases, 14 were treated by open method of herniorrhaphy and 20 were treated by closed method. Complications of hernia were higher (21%) in open method-treated cases than in closed method-treated cases (5%). Hernia recurred in three calves treated with open herniorrhaphy within 2 weeks of the procedure, with swelling in situ and muscular weakness at the site of operation. Shorter operation time and excellent healing rate (80%) were found in calves treated with closed herniorrhaphy. These findings suggest that the closed herniorrhaphy is better than the commonly-used open method for the correction of reducible umbilical hernia in calves.

Intratesticular varicocele and extratesticular varicocele in a patient with nephrotic syndrome complicated by left renal vein thrombosis

Intratesticular varicocele is a rare condition, with a reported incidence of less than 2% [1]. Its clinical significance is not well established. The condition is characterized by dilatation of the intratesticular veins in and around the mediastinum testis. Color Doppler ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis. We present a case of a young man with nephrotic syndrome complicated by left renal vein thrombosis and left-sided extratesticular and Intratesticular varicocele. To our knowledge, no case of intratesticular and extratesticular varicocele in a patient with nephrotic syndrome and a complicated left renal vein thrombosis has been reported concomitantly in the same patient

PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATES HARBOURING SHIGA TOXIN GENES (STX) FROM ACUTE DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH

Shiga toxin genes (<I>stx</I>) harbouring <I>Escherichia coli</I> (STEC) strains were isolated and identified from diarrhoeal patients visiting the Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of the 189 <I>E. coli </I>strains isolated from 775 diarrhoeal stool specimens, 19 harboured <I>stx1</I>, and one isolate was revealed to have amplicons for both <I>stx1</I> and <I>stx2</I> by a PCR assay. Sequence analysis of the 349-bp <I>stx1</I> from representative isolates revealed 100% homology with the sequence of <I>stx1</I> available in the GenBank. Among the <I>stx1</I> positive isolates, two harboured the <I>eae</I> but none were positive for <I>hlyA, katP, etpD</I> or <I>saa</I> genes. Fifteen of the 20 <I>stx</I> positive strains could be categorized into 13 non-O157 serogroups while 4 were untypable and one was a rough strain. Most of the STEC strains were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. In the Vero cell assay, all the strains were negative for expression of Shiga toxin (Stx). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR analysis demonstrated genetic diversity. This is one of the first reports to show the presence of STEC in diarrhoeal patients in Bangladesh.