Gastrointestinal ALκ amyloidosis presenting as protein-losing enteropathy correctly diagnosed by immunohistochemistry using amyloid-type-specific antibodies.

A 54-year-old man presented with protein-losing enteropathy. Biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon showed deposits of amyloid. The bone marrow showed plasmacytosis. After an initial misdiagnosis of AA amyloid, a revised diagnosis of ALκ amyloidosis was made at an expert referral laboratory. Care must be taken in the use of antibodies and proper controls in the performance and interpretation of immunohistochemistry for amyloidosis. A wide panel of amyloid-type-specific antibodies must be used and interpreted in comparative mode to avoid misdiagnosis. Natl Med J India 2015;28:129–31

Detection of morphometric differentiation in Sattar snowtrout, Schizothorax curvifrons (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kashmir Himalaya using a truss network system

Schizothorax curvifrons is a morphometrically and meristically most variable and economically valuable promising fish food from Kashmir Valley. Since there is a lack of information on stock structure of wild populations on this species, this study was aimed to investigate the intraspecific variation of this important snowtrout. For this, two rivers and one lake in Kashmir Himalaya were sampled from January 2011 to October 2012. Fish body measurements were taken and morphometric characters using the truss network system was constructed. Altogether, 506 fish specimens were collected. Data were subjected to principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis and univariate analysis of variance. The first principal component explained 63.44% of total variation, while second and third components explained 8.34% and 5.31%, respectively. The step-wise discriminant function analysis retained two variables that significantly discriminated the populations. Using these variables 83.4% of the original specimens were classified into their correct groups and 81.1% of the cross-validated (leave one out procedure) specimens were classified into their correct groups. All of the total 31 transformed truss measurements exhibited highly significant (p<0.001) differences between the populations. This represents the first attempt on stock structure of S. curvifrons; therefore, this study will hopefully guide fisheries taxonomists about its current stock structure and would help in its management and conservation programme across Kashmir Himalaya area.

Schizothorax curvifrons es un alimento para peces, morfométricamente y merísticamente más variable y de mayor valor económico del Valle de Kashmir. Dado que existe una falta de información sobre la estructura de las poblaciones silvestres de esta especie, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la variación intraespecífica de esta importante trucha de nieve. Para ello, se tomaron muestras de dos ríos y un lago en Kashmir Himalaya, de enero 2011 a octubre 2012. Con las mediciones de los peces se construyó una red truss. En total, se recolectaron 506 muestras de peces. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de componentes principales, análisis de función discriminante y el análisis univariante de la varianza. El primer componente principal explicó 63.44% de la variación total, mientras que los componentes segundo y tercero explicaron el 8.34% y 5.31%, respectivamente. El análisis discriminante por etapas, retuvo dos variables que discriminaron significativamente las poblaciones. El uso de estas variables de 83.4% de los especímenes originales se clasificaron en sus grupos correctos y 81.1% de la validación cruzada (deja fuera un procedimiento) especímenes fueron clasificados en sus grupos correctos. Todas las mediciones para entramados transformados, del total de 31, mostraron diferencias altamente significativas (p<0.001) entre las poblaciones. Esto representa el primer intento de obtener la estructura de la población de S. curvifrons, por lo tanto, este estudio espera orientar a los taxonomistas de peces acerca de la estructura de la población actual y ayudar en su manejo y poder establecer un programa de conservación en el área de Kashmir Himalaya.

Dental myths, oral hygiene methods and nicotine habits in an ageing rural population: An Indian study.

Background: Though, increased emphasis is being given on spreading dental care facilities and awareness in Indian villages, the target population is unfortunately less literate and is not financially equipped compared to their urban counterparts. The rural aged additionally may have to face problems like desertion by the educated youth to follow better opportunities in cities, disease, and lack of mobility. Aims: The present study strived to evaluate dental myths, oral hygiene methods, and tobacco habits awareness in a rural ageing population in the perspective of a changing India. Setting and Design: The study area consisted of a group of ten villages, situated in district Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: The subjects were questioned about dental myths, tobacco habits, and oral hygiene methods and then divided into groups on the basis of age, sex, and educational status. The number of sound teeth in each subject was also counted. Statistical Analysis: Mean-values, standard deviation, Chi-square test and P values were used to make inter-group comparisons. Results and Conclusion: Forty percent of the subjects considered oral hygiene unnecessary, 60.8% of the population was relying on simple mouth rinsing for maintaining oral hygiene, 48% had either the habit of smoking and chewing tobacco or both and 81% of the subjects had one dental myth or the other. We concluded that the rural aged is a deprived lot and a targeted program to infuse scientific dental practices in them is necessary.

Giant cell arteritis: A clinical and pathological study.

Background. Giant cell arteritis is a vasculitis affecting large- and medium-calibre vessels. It is not uncommon in the West and there are many large series in the literature. However, there are very few reports of giant cell arteritis among Indian patients. Methods. We did a retrospective study of 9 Indian patients (5 men and 4 women; age range 59–81 years [mean and median 70 years]) who had had a temporal artery biopsy for suspected giant cell arteritis at a tertiary care hospital. Results. Eight patients had biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. The common presenting features were pyrexia of unknown origin (4), headache (6) and blurring of vision (2). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated and ranged from 25 to 120 mm at the end of the first hour (mean 96, median 105). The C-reactive protein level, which was available in 5 cases, was raised. Giant cells and inflammatory cells were seen in 7 of 8 temporal artery biopsies; a transmural lymphocytic and neutrophil infiltrate without giant cells was present in 1 case. All patients were treated with steroids and they responded well. Conclusion. Temporal arteritis is probably under-recognized in India. Pyrexia is a common presenting feature of the disease; temporal arteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients with pyrexia of unknown origin.

Benign nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of colon: a report of two cases.

Benign nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon in children is a rare entity, distinct from lymphoid polyps, and must be differentiated from malignant lymphomas. We report two girls, 9 years old and 5 years old, in whom nodular hyperplasia caused intestinal obstruction. No etiologic cause was found in them. Immunochemistry (Pan B and Pan T) markers in one case showed staining in the respective areas of the lymphoid aggregates. Viral marker studies were not done. Surgical resection was done.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a case report.

Non Hodgkin's Lymphomas of the sinonasal tract are uncommon neoplasms that can be morphologically difficult to distinguish from destructive non-neoplastic process or other malignant neoplasm in this site. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas of the sinonasal tract are heterogeneous diseases that can be clinically aggressive. Immunophenotypic pattern of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas shows marked variations. We are reporting a case of B-Cell type of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus with complete clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study as it is rare in Indian literature and review of the literature is done.