ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the short-term effect of individual atmospheric PM2.5 exposure on the diversity, enterotype, and community structure of gut microbiome in healthy elderly people in Jinan, Shandong province. Methods: The present panel study recruited 76 healthy elderly people aged 60-69 years old in Dianliu Street, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, and followed them up five times from September 2018 to January 2019. The relevant information was collected by questionnaire, physical examination, precise monitoring of individual PM2.5 exposure, fecal sample collection and gut microbiome 16S rDNA sequencing. The Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) model was used to analyze the enterotype. Linear mixed effect model and generalized linear mixed effect model were used to analyze the effect of PM2.5 exposure on gut microbiome α diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE indices), enterotype and abundance of core species. Results: Each of the 76 subjects participated in at least two follow-up visits, resulting in a total of 352 person-visits. The age of 76 subjects was (65.0±2.8) years old with BMI (25.0±2.4) kg/m2. There were 38 males accounting for 50% of the subjects. People with an educational level of primary school or below accounted for 10.5% of the 76 subjects, and those with secondary school and junior college or above accounting for 71.1% and 18.4%. The individual PM2.5 exposure concentration of 76 subjects during the study period was (58.7±53.7) μg/m3. DMM model showed that the subjects could be divided into four enterotypes, which were mainly driven by Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Linear mixed effects model showed that different lag periods of PM2.5 exposure were significantly associated with a lower gut α diversity index (FDR<0.05 after correction). Further analysis showed that PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with changes in the abundances of Firmicutes (Megamonas, Blautia, Streptococcus, etc.) and Bacteroidetes (Alistipes) (FDR<0.05 after correction). Conclusion: Short-term PM2.5 exposure is significantly associated with a decrease in gut microbiome diversity and changes in the abundance of several species of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the elderly. It is necessary to further explore the underlying mechanisms between PM2.5 exposure and the gut microbiome, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the intestinal health of the elderly.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Feces/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Particulate Matter , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the toxicity of tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tributyl phosphate (TnBP) on the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms at the transcriptional level. Methods: With zebrafish as a model, two hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCIPP and TnBP (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1 000 μmol/L) using the semi-static method, and their rates of lethality and hatchability were determined. The transcriptome changes of 120 hpf juvenile zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μmol/L were measured. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of TCIPP and TnBP for zebrafish embryos were 155.30 and 27.62 μmol/L (96 hpf), 156.5 and 26.05 μmol/L (120 hpf), respectively. The 72 hpf hatching rates of TCIPP (100 μmol/L) and TnBP (10 μmol/L) were (23.33±7.72)% and (91.67±2.97)%, which were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that TnBP had more differential genes (DEGs) than TCIPP, with a dose-response relationship. These DEGs were enriched in 32 pathways in total, including those involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nuclear receptor-related pathways, using the IPA pathway analysis. Among them, three enriched pathways overlapped between TCIPP and TnBP, including TR/RXR activation and CAR/RXR activation. Additionally, DEGs were also mapped onto pathways of LXR/RXR activation and oxidative stress for TnBP exposure only. Conclusion: Both TCIPP and TnBP have growth and developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos, with distinct biomolecular mechanisms, and TnBP has a stronger effect than TCIPP.
Subject(s)
Animals , Zebrafish/metabolism , Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism , Transcriptome , Oxidative Stress , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the use of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) combined with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with multilevel cervical spondylopathy myelopathy (CSM).Methods:The clinical data of 83 patients with multi-segment CSM admitted to the Department of Spinal Surgery of Hubei Liuqi2 Orthopaedic Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different surgical methods used in their treatment, they were divided into group A and group B. In group A, 44 patients were treated with anterior cervical ACCF combined with ACDF, and 39 patients in group B were treated with posterior single-door laminoplasty. The general clinical indexes such as operation time, perioperative bleeding volume and hospitalization time were collected.The neurological function and cervical dysfunction improvement effect of the patients before and 6 months after operation were evaluated by using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and neck disability index (NDI) scale. The cervical curvature of the patients before and 6 months after operation was compared, The complications of the two groups were observed 6 months after operation. The patients were divided into improved group (72 cases) and non improved group (11 cases). Comparison between count data groups χ 2 inspection. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between measurement data groups conforming to normal distribution. According to the results of univariate analysis, the meaningful factors were included in the binary Logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors related to the surgical efficacy. Result:The perioperative blood loss ((153.36±10.68) mL) and hospital stay ((10.11±2.30) d) in group A were lower than those in group B ((171.47±11.32) mL, (15.58±3.76) d). There were significant differences between the two groups ( t values were 7.50 and 8.10; both P<0.001). Six months after operation, the JOA score (13.70±1.49, 12.94±1.63) and cervical curvature (22.10±3.23, 13.38±3.12) of patients in groups A and B were all higher than those before operation (9.40±1.32, 9.36±1.51; 11.16±2.60, 11.23±2.71), and group A was higher than group B, the difference was statistically significant (JOA scores before and after operation: t values were 14.33 and 10.07, respectively; cervical curvature: t values were 17.50 and 3.25, respectively; t values between groups were 2.22 and 12.47, respectively, and the P values were <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.002, 0.029 and <0.001, respectively). Six months after the operation, the NDI indexes of groups A and B (11.38±4.76, 14.79±4.85) were lower than those before the operation (39.56±9.43, 39.74±9.51), and those in group A were lower than in group B, and the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 17.70, 14.60, and 3.23; all P<0.001). Binary Logistic regression showed that the duration of disease ≥6 months ( OR=59.045, 95% CI: 6.485-537.629), the presence of cervical spinal cord MRI signal changes ( OR=0.031, 95% CI: 0.002-0.587), the surgical approach (posterior approach single-door laminoplasty) ( OR=6.300, 95% CI: 1.269-31.273) was an independent risk factor affecting the surgical outcome ( P values were <0.001, 0.021, and 0.024, respectively). Conclusion:Anterior cervical ACCF combined with ACDF has an ideal surgical effect in the treatment of patients with multi-segment CSM, which can significantly improve the cervical spinal nerve function and cervical curvature, shorten the operation time and reduce the perioperative blood loss. It isstill necessary to pay attention to the patient's disease course, MRI signals changes of cervical spinal cord and the effect of surgical methods on their surgical outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the risk factors of the number of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) >5 in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with clinical lymph node negative (cN0) .Methods:A total of 1567 cases of unilateral cN0 PTMC patients undergoing surgery at Endocrine and Breast Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 405 cases of male and 1162 cases of female among them. According to the CLNM, they were divided into 0-5 and ≥5 groups. Clinicopathological characteristics of two groups were compared with Chi-square test and χ 2 test, et al. Results:The case of CLNM>5 involved was 4.1% (65/1567) .Univariate analysis showed that male, age ≤50 years old, tumor diameter> 8 mm, multifocal cancer all were related to CLNM>5 involved ( P<0.05) , multivariate logistic regression analysis found that male ( OR=1.886, P=0.017) , age ≤50 years ( OR=3.778, P=0.002) , tumor diameter>8 mm ( OR=2.483, P<0.001) and multifocal cancer ( OR=2.362, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for CLNM>5. Subgroup analysis showed that the number of Delphian lymph nodes metastasis≥1 ( OR=13.475, P<0.001) , pretracheal lymph nodes metastasis≥2 ( OR=41.695, P<0.001) , and Delphian+pretracheal lymph nodes metastasis≥2 ( OR=28.750, P<0.001) were also independent risk factors for CLNM>5. Conclusions:Unilateral PTMC patients who are male and age ≤50 years old with tumor diameter>8 mm, multifocal cancer have higher risk of central lymph nodes more than 5 involved, surgical treatment and prophylactic central neck dissection are recommended to such patients instead of long-term follow-up observation.Total thyroidectomy should be selected appropriately according to the intraoperative situation.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:The clinicopathological data of 1025 PTC patients who underwent surgery therapy in Department of Endocrine and Breast surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. BMI was calculated according to height and weight, and patients were divided into normal weight group (BMI<24 kg/m 2) and overweight and obese group (BMI≥24 kg/m 2) . The differences in clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients in different BMI groups were compared, and the correlation between BMI and clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients was studied. In addition, 342 PTC patients who underwent BRAF V600E and TERT gene tests were compared with different BMI groups to explore the relationship between BMI and BRAF V600E and TERT gene mutations. Results:In this research, there were 591 (57.66%) patients in the normal weight group and 434 (42.34%) patients in the overweight and obese group. Univariate analysis showed that BMI was associated with gender, age and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. There were more male gender ( P<0.001) , and age≥55 years ( P<0.001) in overweight and obese groups, and less with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( P=0.045) in overweight and obese groups. There was no correlation between BMI and the clinicopathological features of PTC, such as bilaterality, multiformity, tumor size, etc. Otherwise, BMI was a weak protective factor for numbers of lymph node metastasis>5 of PTC ( OR=0.947, CI95%=0.9900-0.997, P=0.037) , and it was not correlated with extra thyroidal extension. There were no significant correlation between BMI and the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients of different genders, such as tumor size, bilaterality, extra thyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, etc. A significant relationship was found between BMI and BRAF V600E mutation in PTC patients ( P=0.044) , while it was not correlated between BMI and TERT mutation ( P=0.516) . Conclusions:Our study suggests that BMI is associated with age, gender, hashimoto’s thyroiditis and BRAF V600E mutation in PTC patients, while there was no significant correlation with the aggressiveness in PTC. More radical treatment for PTC patients who were overweight or obese is not recommended.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and clinical significance of receptor interacting protein serine-threonine kinases 1 (RIPK1) in the nucleus pulposus of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).@*METHODS@#Nucleus pulposus tissue specimens of 40 patients with LDH patients underwent surgical treatment from January 2016 to January 2018 as the case group, and nucleus pulposus tissue specimens of 30 patients with lumbar spine fracture underwent surgical treatment at the same time as the control group. The expression of RIPK1 mRNA and protein of receptor interaction were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The expression of RIPK1 protein in the nucleus pulposus were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The concentrations of RIPK1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in nucleus pulposus were detected by ELISA method. The relationship between the concentrations of RIPK1, TNF-α in nucleus pulposus and the Pearce grade of LDH patients was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The correlation between RIPK1 and TNF-α was analyzed by Pearson.@*RESULTS@#RIPK1 was weakly positively expressed in nucleus pulposus of control group, and RIPK1 protein was positively or strongly positively expressed in case group. The expression of RIPK1 mRNA in nucleus pulposus of case group was higher than that of control group (@*CONCLUSION@#The expression levels of RIPK1 mRNA and protein in the intervertebral disc tissues of LDH patients are higher than those of normal intervertebral disc tissues, and increased with the increase of Pearce grade, which may be an important factor involved in LDH inflammatory disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Intervertebral Disc/metabolism , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/genetics , Nucleus Pulposus , Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
To optimize the technology of Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice,establish fingerprints and simultaneously determine seven compounds( geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid,genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside,geniposide,rutin,crocin Ⅰ,and crocin Ⅱ) by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC). Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7μm) column was used with acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1. The data was comprehensively processed and analyzed with similarity evaluation,principal component analysis( PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis( PLS-DA) methods. Twenty common peaks were identified in this study,and the similarity of samples was over 0. 97. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were differences in chemical compositions and contents between the raw Gardeniae Fructus and those processed with ginger juice,with 9 potential differentiated chromatographic peaks. After being processed with ginger juice,the contents of chlorogenic acid,crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ were less than before and the contents of other four compositions were higher than before. The optimized preparation for Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice was stable and feasible. The methods of UPLC fingerprints and simultaneous determination of seven components can be effectively carried out to distinguish Gardeniae Fructus and Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice.
Subject(s)
Carotenoids/analysis , Chlorogenic Acid/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Gardenia/chemistry , Zingiber officinale , Technology, Pharmaceutical/methodsABSTRACT
Objective@#To discuss the clinical outcomes of treating delayed acetabular fractures by combined anterior and posterior approach.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was conducted of 31 delayed acetabular fractures from February 2012 to February 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, including 18 males and 13 females with age of 48.5 years(23 to 67 years) .The injury to the operation time was 35.9 days(22 to 183 days). Of these 31 cases, there were 6 cases of transverse and posterior wall fracture, 8 cases with anterior column+ posterior half transverse fracture, 12 cases with double column fracture and 5 cases of "T" type fracture according to Letournel-Judet classification.All fractures were treated combined anterior and Kocher-Langenbeck approaches, including 13 cases of ilioinguinal approach+ Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L approach), 4 cases of extensile acetabular approach, 7 cases of stoppa approach + K-L approach and 7 cases of side rectus femoris approach.Correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation regression testing.@*Results@#Follow up to August 2017, all patients were followed up with 36.0 months(from 6 to 55 months). As calculated, the restorational effect was positively with result of the X-ray film and the clinical effect(r=0.823, 0.856; both P<0.05). The evaluation was conducted with Matta′s reduction criteria: there were 11 cases classified as anatomic reduction(35.5%), 13 cases as satisfactory reduction(41.9%), and 7 cases as unsatisfactory reduction(22.6%). Excellent and good rate was 77.4%. Functional reductions were categorized by the standard of Matta hip score: 8 excellent cases(25.8%), 11 good cases(35.5%), 8 fail cases(25.8%), and 4 poor cases(12.9%).@*Conclusion@#The treatment of delayed acetabular fracture by combined anterior and posterior approach can fully exposure the anterior and posterior acetabular fcloumns, which is beneficial to the release and fixation of the old acetabular fractures.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Precision medicine pays attention to the depth characteristics of the disease and the high precision of the treatment, and is a precise and accurate personalized approach of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In recent years, it has gradually become the hotspot of the medical field. As a new concept of medicine and medical model, its value in clinical treatment of orthopedics has been gradually highlighted. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status and progress of precision medicine in the field of orthopedics.METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for literatures about application and prospect of precision medicine in the field of orthopedics in and outside China published within the past 10 years using the keywords of "precision medicine, Orthopedics, bone, 3D printing, computer assisted navigation, minimal invasive, gene". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the study on the prevention and treatment of the disease of orthopedics, 3D printing technology, computer assisted navigation technology, precision minimally invasive orthopedic technology, and gene research are four effective way to achieve precise and personalized healthcare. (2) The appearance of precision medicine, a novel medicinal model, enriches the treatment of the disease in the field of orthopedics and enhances the curative efficacy of the disease. Precision medicine brings the new dawn to the patient and provides some new clues for medical workers and researchers engaged in the clinical and basic research of the disease in the field of orthopedics.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In recent years, precision medicine has become a hot topic in the medical field. The application of precision medicine to osteonecrosis of the femoral head is wider than before. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status and progress of precision medicine to osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for literatures about application and prospect of precision medicine for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in and outside China published within the past 10 years using the keywords of "precision medicine, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, three dimensional (3D) printing, computer assisted navigation, minimal invasive, gene" in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the study on the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, 3D printing technology, computer assisted navigation technology, precision minimally invasive orthopedic technology, research and treatment of gene are four effective ways to achieve precise and personalized healthcare. (2) The appearance of precision medicine, a novel medicinal model, enriches the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and enhances the curative efficacy of the disease. It brings the new dawn to the patient and provides some new clues for medical workers and researchers engaged in the clinical and basic researches of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
ABSTRACT
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common refractory disease in orthopedics, and the rate of disability is very high, and its pathogenesis is unknown. TCM has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of ONFH, and it has gradually received attention. This article reviewed the clinical application status of TCM for prevention and treatment of ONFH in recent years from ONFH's TCM name, etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, and clinical treatment, with a purpose to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of ONFH.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the role of Buyanghuanwu decoction(BYHWD) in promoting endothelial pro-genitor cells(EPCs)-induced recovery of damaged vascular endothelium. METHODS:The endothelial damaged rats were lavaged with BYHWD and injected with EPCs through vena caudalis. The repaired situation of damaged endothelium was observed. RESULTS:Compared with EPCs group and BYHWD group,the endothelial thickness was reduced, the levels of calcium,triglycerides and total cholesterol were decreased,but the high density lipoprotein levels were increased. In ad-dition,the protein expression of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular stromal cell-drived factor-1 was sig-nificantly increased,but the expression of CXC chemokine receptor-4 was significantly reduced in BYHWD+EPC group. CONCLUSION:BYHWD promotes EPCs repairing damaged endothelium,the mechanism may be related to improve the internal environment and promotes the EPCs homing.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the treatment of colorectal polyps.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>EMR was applied in the treatment of colorectal polyps.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3578 polyps in 2609 patients were all completely resected except 2 cases and the integrated rate of samples was 99.6%. Intra- and post-operation complications occurred in 22 cases(0.8%), including 7 intraoperative bleeding, 5 postoperative bleeding, and 10 thermal burn, which were cured by symptomatic treatment. A total of 1530 (58.6%) cases were followed-up with 3-12 months and no relapse was found in former place of excision.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EMR can be applied in resection of colorectal polyps effectively and safely.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Intestinal Mucosa , General Surgery , Intestinal Polyps , General Surgery , Postoperative Hemorrhage , RecurrenceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the histological changes of gastric mucosa in patients with active gastric ulcer before and after treatment by Qifang Weitong Powder combined with omeprazole (QWP-Op).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were equally randomized into the treated group and the control group. They were all treated in the 1st week by the Helicobacter pylori eradication triad regimen. From the 2nd to 6th week, the study group re-ceived QWP-Op therapy, and the control group was given Omeprazole alone.Biopsy specimens were obtained around ulcer area before and after treatment for histological observation on changes of gastric mucosa membrane.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The improvement of mucosal thickness and glandular morphology was better in the treated group than that in the control group (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QWP-Op therapy can improve the histological quality of ulcer healing and restore the morphological structure of gastric mucosa in patients with active gastric ulcer.</p>