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Aim To study the role of diosmetin ( Dio) in liver ischemia/reperfusion and its possible mecha-nism.Methods Thirty-two mice were randomly di¬vided into sham group, I/R group, low-dose Dio group and high-dose Dio group, with 8 mice in each group.The I/R group received liver I/R surgery, and the sham group performed sham surgery.The low- and high-dose Dio groups received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg • kg ~1 and 40 mg • kg ~1 Dio at 30 min before liver I/R, respectively.Blood and liver samples were collected at 24 h after reperfusion.ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin ( IL)-ip, 1L-6, lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH ) and aspartate transaminase ( AST) in serum.Hie levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , reactive oxygen species ( ROS) , reduced glutathione (GSH) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in liver homogenate were measured.HE staining was used to observe liver injury.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of IL-ip in liver tis¬sues.Western blot was used to detect the expression of cleaved-c a spa se-3 , p-NF-kb p65 and p-p38 proteins in liver tissues.Results Compared with sham group, the degree of liver injury in I/R group significantly in¬creased , and the levels of 1L-1 (3, 1L-6, LDH and AST in serum, MDA, ROS and cleaved-caspase-3, p-NF- kb p65 and p-p38 proteins in liver tissues markedly in¬creased ; however, the levels of GSH and TB1L signifi¬cantly decreased, and the differences in the above in¬dexes were statistically significant.Compared with I/R group, the above indexes in low- and high-dose Dio groups were significantly improved, and the effect of high-dose group was better than that of low-dose group.Conclusions Dio pretreatment can reduce liver I/R injury, which may be related to the reduction of oxida¬tive stress and inflammation-related pathways induced by liver I/R.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yangyin Yiqi Huoxue Granule (, YYHG) in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) patients with qi-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (QYDBSS), and to explore its effective dosage.@*METHODS@#The total of 288 patients were randomly assigned to the YYHG high-dose, YYHG low-dose, positive control (administered Xiaoshuantong Granule, XSTG, ), or placebo control (administered inert granule) groups (72 cases per group) by software-drived competitive block randomization. The trial was conducted for a 28-day period, with a 180-day follow-up period. The primary outcome was the comprehensive curative evaluation, and secondary outcomes were the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Barthel activities of daily living (ADL) index score, the quality of life index (QLI) score, and the Chinese medicine syndrome (CMS) score. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. The clinical safety was also assessed.@*RESULTS@#The total of 288 participants were recruited between June 1, 2008 and September 30, 2009, and 287 patients received intervention; the treatment groups were well balanced at baseline. The comprehensive cure rates of YYHG high-dose, low-dose, positive and placebo control groups were 63.38%, 31.94%, 36.11% and 6.14%, respectively; there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.01), while the high-dose YYHG treatment group was significantly higher than the other 3 groups (P<0.01). The improvement of NIHSS, ADL, QLI and CMS scores of the YYHG high-dose and low-dose groups was significantly better than that of the positive control group and the placebo control group (P<0.05). In terms of improving the classification of the NIHSS scale and the assessment of the ADL scale, the YYHG high-dose group was significantly better than the other three groups (P<0.05), and the YYHG low-dose group was better than the placebo control group (P<0.01). At the same time, except for the QLI score, the high-dose group was better than the low-dose group (P<0.05). In terms of safety, adverse reactions after YYHG treatment were generally mild (3.78%), and no serious adverse reactions have been reported.@*CONCLUSION@#YYHG is safe and effective in the treatment of IS patients with QYDBSS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Activities of Daily Living , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Ischemic Stroke , Qi , Quality of Life , Stroke/drug therapy , Yin DeficiencyABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of progestin primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) compared with the other three different controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols in fresh embryo transfer (ET) and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods A total of 430 oocyte pick-up cycles and 272 FET cycles were retrospectively analyzed. Number of oocytes retrieved, laboratory indexes and pregnancy outcome of FET were compared. Results The mean oocytes retrieved (11.1±7.3), fertilization rate (85.6%), cleavage rate (95.1%) and excellent embryo rate (20.2%) as well as transplantable embryo rate (4. 5 ±3.1) of the PPOS group did not show significant differences compared with the other 3 subgroups (all P<0.05) in fresh cycle. As for pregnancy outcomes in FET cycles, no statistically significant differences were observed among the four groups in embryo implantation rate (26.2%), clinical pregnancy rate (63.0%) and abortion rate (11.8%) (all P<0.05). However, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate was higher in PPOS group compared with the other groups. Conclusion Compared with the other three ovulation stimulation programme, PPOS might be used as a new alternative for controlled ovulation stimulation protocols.
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Low calcium intake may impose adverse impacts on bone health. The current paper is the Chinese translation for a systemic review article published in December, 2017 in Osteoporosis International with open access [ Balk EM, Adam GP, Langberg VN, et al. Global dietary calcium intake among adults: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28 ( 12 ):3315-332 ] . Through searching 13 electronic databases and requesting data from domain experts, an interactive global calcium map was developed. Average national dietary calcium intake ranges from 175 to 1233 mg/day. Many Asia countries have average dietary calcium intake less than 500 mg/day. Countries in Africa and South America mostly have low calcium intake between about 400 and 700 mg/day. Only Northern European countries have national calcium intake greater than 1000 mg/day. This review draws attention to regions where measures to increase calcium intake are likely to have skeletal benefits.
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By the means of chromatographic methods and spectroscopic evidences, 7 diterpenoids were isolated and identified from the roots of Pieris formosa. These known compounds are elucidated as secorhodomollolide C(1), pierisoid B (2), secorhodomollolide B (3), secorhodomollolide A (4), pierisformotoxin G (5), pierisformotoxin B (6) and pierisformotoxin A (7). Compounds 3, 4 were obtained from this plant for the first time. The analgesic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated using an acetic acidinduced writhing test in mice. Compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited significant analgesic activity at 5 mg·kg;⁻ (ip) compared to vehicle-injected mice (<0.05). The writhe inhibition rates of compounds 3, 4, 6 and 7 at 5 mg·kg⁻¹ (ip) were 41.3%, 39.4%, 38.6% and 37.5%, respectively.
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[Summary] Extracellular calcium is essential for the regulation of a variety of biological processes. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a central role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis, while G-protein α-11 (Gα11 ) subunit and adaptor-related protein complex 2 sigma (AP2σ) are also involved in CaSR signaling transduction. Loss- or gain-of-function mutations of these encoding genes cause different types of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia (ADH). Calcimimetic and calcilytic drugs are useful in treating these FHH and ADH disorders. The current paper is a Chinese translation of a review entitled as “Disorder of the calcium-sensing receptor and partner proteins: insights into the molecular basis of calcium homeostasis” published in 《 Journal of Molecular Endocrinology》(2016,57:R127-R142) with the permission from the author and the journal.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of silencing PAX2 gene in vivo on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells in rats with renal interstitial fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 64 Wistar rats were anaesthetized, and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed to establish a rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis. The 64 rats were randomly divided into negative control and PAX2 gene silencing groups (n=32 each). The rats in the control group were transfected with 200 μL NC-siRNA-in vivo jetPEI(TM) solution. Those in the PAX2 gene silencing group were transfected with 200 μL PAX2-siRNA-in vivo jetPEI(TM) solution. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups based on the post-transfection time (3, 5, 7 and 14 days after transfection), with 8 rats in each subgroup. Renal tissue samples were harvested in each group. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of PAX2 in the renal cortex, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and α-SMA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the PAX2 gene silencing group showed significantly lower mRNA and protein expression of PAX2 (P<0.05). In the two groups, the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin were gradually reduced over the time of obstruction, while those of α-SMA gradually increased. At 14 days after transfection, the PAX2 gene silencing group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin but lower mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA compared with the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PAX2 gene silencing can significantly inhibit the process of EMT of renal tubular cells in rats with advanced fibrosis, suggesting that PAX2 gene silencing may have a therapeutic effect on renal interstitial fibrosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Fibrosis , Gene Silencing , Kidney , Pathology , PAX2 Transcription Factor , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) allergens and asthma in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum sIgE allergens were determined using Western blot in 2239 children aged 1-14 years, consisting of 1415 children with asthma alone and 824 children with non-allergic diseases between December 2004 and April 2013. The case-control models of asthma alone and non-allergic diseases were established. The association between allergens and asthma was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 2239 children, 1028 children (45.91%) were serum sIgE-positive, and the allergen with the highest positive rate was house-dust mite (15.68%), followed by house dust (14.29%) and moulds (13.40%). The results of the case-control analysis showed that house-dust mite, moulds, house dust, and cashew nut/peanut/soybean were significantly associated with the development of asthma. House dust was associated with the development of asthma in the 1-2 years old group (P<0.05). House dust and house-dust mite as allergens were identified as the risk factors for the development of asthma in the 3-14 years old group (P<0.05). In the 6-14 years old group, moulds as allergens were identified as the risk factors for the development of asthma (P<0.05). House dust and house-dust mite as allergens increased the risk of asthma in boys and girls, while moulds and cashew nuts/peanuts/soybeans as allergens increased the risk of asthma in boys.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>House-dust mite, house dust, and moulds are the most common allergens in children with asthma, and they are closely associated with the development of asthma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Age Factors , Allergens , Blood , Asthma , Blood , Case-Control Studies , Dust , PyroglyphidaeABSTRACT
The microbial resistance has become a global hazard with the irrational use of antibiotics. Infection of drug-resistant bacteria seriously threatens human health. Currently, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with new mechanisms and lower levels of toxicity. In this paper, a series of [S,Z]-4-methyl-2-[4-oxo-5-[[5-substitutedphenylfuran-2- yl] methylene]-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl]pentanoic acids via a Knoevenagel condensation were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity in-vitro. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, [1]H NMR and MS. The antibacterial test in-vitro showed that all of the synthesized compounds had good antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria [including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates] with minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values in the range of 2-4 micro g/mL. Especially compounds 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f were the most potent, with MIC values of 2 micro g/mL against four multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial strains
Subject(s)
Thiazoles , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
Ten compounds, including seven sesquiterpenes, two phenols and one phenylpropanoid, were isolated from the roots of Illicium majus by means of silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. On analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data , their structures were established as cycloparviflorolide (1), cycloparvifloralone (2), tashironin (3), tashironin A (4), anislactone A(5), anislactone B (6), pseudomajucin (7), syringaldehyde (8), methyl-4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoate (9), and (E)-3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxycinnamic alchol (10), respectively. Compounds 1-4 and 8-10 were first isolated from this plant. In the in vitro assays, at a concentration of 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 5 and 6 were active against LPS induced NO production in microglia with a inhibition rate of 75.31% and 53.7%, respectively.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Illicium , Chemistry , Organic Chemicals , Chemistry , Plant Roots , ChemistryABSTRACT
The chemical constituents of Vaccinium bracteatum were studied by means of macroporous resin, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Eleven compounds were isolated from this plant. By using ESI-MS and NMR, the structures of the eleven compounds were determined as 10-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-6alpha-hydroxyl-dihydromonotropein (1), 10-O-cis-p-coumaroyl -6alpha-hydroxyl-dihydromonotropein (2), vaccinoside (3), 10-O-cis-p-coumaroyl monotropein (4), isolariciresinol-9-O-beta-D-xyloside (5), tectoridin (6), vicenin-3 (7), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (8), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (9), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (10), and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (11), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are new, and compounds 4, 6 and 7 are isolated from the genus Vaccinium for the first time.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Vaccinium , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objectives To investigate the prevalence of animal plague in Horqin Right Front County and provide scientific bases for prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods Plague surveillance was carried out according to the requirements of National Plague Monitoring Programme at 3 monitoring points in Horqin Right Front County in 2012.Squirrel density,the number of small rats,rat fleas,pathogenic and serological surveillance of Yersinia pestis were included in the study.Results A total of 356 dauricus were captured,the average density was 0.88 rats/hm2; female and male ratio was 1 ∶ 1.31 and the female embryo rate was 96.46％.The captured 13 small nocturnal mice belonged to 2 species,which included 10 cricetulus barabensis and 3 cricetulus longicaudatus,and the capture rate of small nocturnal mouse was 4.33％ (13/300).A total of 98 rat fleas were collected from 25 rats; rat flea carrying rate was 100％(25/25) and flea index was 3.92.Eighty rat burrows were detected,and flea index was 0.188.Pathogen test results were negative.Indirect hemagglutination test was used to examine 356 rat sera and 1 serum was positive.Conclusions Detection of positive rat sera has proved the existence of plague epidemic in Horqin Right Front County.Therefore,the work on plague prevention and control has a long way to go.
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Nanoporous ZnO was used as a carrier to prepare drug solid dispersion, the mechanism of which to improve the drug dissolution was also studied. Nanoporous ZnO, obtained through chemical deposition method, was used as a carrier to prepare indomethacin and cilostazol solid dispersions by melt-quenching method, separately. The results of scanning electron microscope, surface area analyzer, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction showed that drugs were implanted into nanopores of ZnO by physical adsorption effect and highly dispersed into nanopores of ZnO in amorphous form, moreover, these nanopores strongly inhibited amorphous recrystallization in the condition of 45 degrees C and 75% RH. In addition, the results of the dissolution tested in vitro exhibited that the accumulated dissolutions of indomethacin and cilostazol solid dispersions achieved about 90% within 5 min and approximately 80% within 30 min. It was indicated in this study that the mechanism of drug dissolution improvement was associated with the effects of nanoporous ZnO carrier on increasing drug dispersion, controlling drug in nanopores as amorphous form and inhibiting amorphous recrystallization.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Chemistry , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Drug Carriers , Indomethacin , Chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nanostructures , Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors , Chemistry , Solubility , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Tetrazoles , Chemistry , X-Ray Diffraction , Zinc Oxide , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe a better method for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Methods One hundred and four cases of trigeminal neuralgia were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=57) and a control group (n=47). The treatment group were treated witb acupoint injection of 2000 microg of VitB12, with Xiaguan (ST 7) selected as main point, and the control group witb oral administration of Carbamazepine. The therapeutic effect were analyzed after 3 tberapeutic courses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tbe cured and markedly effective rate and the effective rate were 82.5% and 98.2% in the treatment group, and 57.4% and 8O.9% in the control group, with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). After treatment, there was a very significant difference in the cumulative score of pain between the two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupoint injection of VitB12 has a better therapeutic effect than that of oral administration of Carbamazepine.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Points , Injections , Trigeminal Neuralgia , Therapeutics , Vitamin B 12ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects and mechanism of apigenin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MDA-MB-231 cells were used as the study object. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of apigenin on the cell viability. ELISA was used to determine the protein level of VEGF. RT-PCR was used to detect VEGF at mRNA level. A double luciferase system was used to measure the transcription activity of VEGF. pCEP4-HIF-1alpha was transferred to explore the reversing effect of HIF-1alpha on the inhibitory effect of apigenin on the transcription activity of VEGF. Western blotting was used to detect the time-dependent and dose-dependent effect of apigenin on HIF-lalpha, p-AKT, p-ERK, and p53 expression at protein level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Apigenin had no visible inhibitory effect on cell viability. Apigenin reduced the secretion of VEGF, mRNA levels of VEGF and transcription activity of VEGF. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of apigenin on the transcription activity of VEGF could be reversed by transferring pCEP4-HIF-1alpha into the cells. Additionally, apigenin inhibited the expression of HIF-1alpha and p-AKT, induced the expression of p53, but had no effect on the expression of p-ERK1/2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apigenin can inhibit VEGF expression in breast cancer cells, and this effect may be achieved through decreasing the expression of HIF-1alpha.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Apigenin , Pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Genetics , Metabolism , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 , Metabolism , Phosphorylation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Transcriptional Activation , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
This paper analyses the defects of bubble oxygen inhalators currently used, and investigates into their solutions for improvement.
Subject(s)
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Methods , Oxygenators , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of Radix Astragali (RA) on pulmonary tissue endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty one healthy male Wistar rats weighing 210-310 g were divided into three group at random with 7 in each. The rats in control group were raised in ordinary room condition; those in hypoxic group were raised in ordinary pressure hypoxic box [concentration of O(2) was (10.0 +/- 0.5)%] for 8 hours a day, for 30 days; those in RA group were raised in the same condition as hypoxic group and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of RA 8 g/kg per day. The rats in the control group and hypoxic group were given the same volume of intraperitoneal injection of normal saline. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), mean carotid artery pressure (mCAP) were measured via right cardiac catheterization, concentration of NO in pulmonary tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The mPAP (mm Hg) (21.9 +/- 1.6) and ET-1 (pg/ml) (309.1 +/- 58.1) in hypoxemic group were significantly higher than those in RA group (16.2 +/- 0.8, 287.7 +/- 57.5) and control group (15.3 +/- 0.8, 241.1 +/- 52.5) (P < 0.01, < 0.05), but the difference between RA group and control group was not significant. (2) NO (micromol/L) in pulmonary tissue in hypoxemic group (6.5 +/- 0.3) was lower than that in RA group and control group (9.2 +/- 0.9), NO in RA group was higher than that in hypoxic group but lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in mCAP among the three groups (P > 0.05). (4) Under electron microscope, the endothelial cells of arterioles of the lung tissue of control group were flat and had normal morphology. However, in the lung tissue of hypoxic group, there were proliferation, hypertrophy and swelling of endothelial cells of pulmonary medium and small arteries and plenty of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula in cytoplasm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chronic hypoxia can result in reconstruction and endothelial lesion in pulmonary arterioles of rats, elevation of mPAP and ET-1 in pulmonary tissue, and decrease of NO. Injection of Radix Astraglai can reverse the reconstruction of pulmonary vessels partially, regulate the concentration of ET-1 and NO in pulmonary tissue, which may have certain therapeutic effects on pulmonary arteriolar changes induced by hypoxia.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Endothelin-1 , Metabolism , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Hypoxia , Metabolism , Lung , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide , Metabolism , Radioimmunoassay , Random Allocation , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective:To construct NBS1 microRNA expressing eukaryotic recombinants,and identify biological activity of recombinants in Hela cell after transfection.Methods:According to sequence of NBS1mRNA,the NBS1 pre-microRNA was designed and synthesized,then cloned into the GFP reporter pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR vector and transfected into Hela cell line.To detect integrity of inset fragment through colony PCR and sequencing analysis.The biological activity of recombinants through identify interference efficiency of NBS1 microRNA recombinants by way of Real-Time PCR and Western blot were determined.Results:Sequences of inset fragment in four microRNA expressing recombinants were correct.NBS1 mRNA and protein expression of four microRNA recombinants were decrease,which is the lowest in the NBS1mi-2 group.Conclusion:Four NBS1-targeting microRNA expressing recombinants all have biological activity in Hela cell line,and NBS1mi-2 recombinant has the most interference efficiency.The microRNA expressing plasmid which were successfully constructed and lay foundation for the studies on the tumor gene therapy of microrna targeting NBS1.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the secondary operation methods and the effects on the prognosis of unexpected gallbladder cancer (UGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis on the clinical data was made for 41 patients who underwent extended radical excision from June 1995 to December 2002. Among the patients, 12 were male, 29 were female. The average age was 51 years old. The 41 patients had undergone gallbladder excision because of cholecystitis complicated lithiasis of gallbladder (32 cases), polypi of gallbladder or adenoma (9 cases). Postoperative pathology showed that 32 cases were adenocarcinoma of gallbladder, 6 cases were squamous carcinoma, 3 cases were squamous adenocarcinoma. Six cases were on the stage of Nevin I, 16 on Nevin II, 17 on Nevin III, 2 on Nevin IV. The second operation was performed after 6-30 d of the first operation. The second operation chose the improved method of Glenn excision of carcinoma of gallbladder.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the second operation, 14 cases were with lymphatic metastasis, 14 with gallbladder metastasis, 6 with bile duct metastasis, 2 with pancreas metastasis. Fourteen cases were on the stage of Nevin IV, 9 on Nevin V, none on Nevin I, II and III. After the second operation, 1 year survival rate was 100% (41 cases); The three-year survival rate was 53.8% (22 cases); The five-year survival rate was 17.5% (7 cases).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extended radical excision is one of the most important methods for the treatment of UGC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cholecystectomy , Methods , Diagnostic Errors , Gallbladder Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Mortality , General Surgery , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
Objective To investigate prevalence of erectile dysfunction(ED)in type 2 diabetic male patients and to analyze its related factors.Methods A total of 904 married male patients with type 2 diabetes were involved in this study and they were interviewed with anonymous questionnaire.An international index of erectile function-5(IIEF-5)was used to determine the severity of ED by self-rating score in age,duration of diabetes,serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),history of alcohol drinking and smoking,blood pressure and anti-hypertensive medication in diabetic ED patients.Relationship between relevant factors and diabetic ED was analyzed.Results ED was diagnosed in 612 diabetics with prevalence of 67.7 percent(612/904)according to their total scores of IIEF-5.Logistic regression analysis showed that increase in duration of diabetes by five years,age by 10 years,serum level of HbAI c by 2%, systolic blood pressure by 30 mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa),positive history of smoking and alcohol drinking were all independently associated with prevalence of diabetic ED,with OR of 1.96,1.25,2.32, 1.12,1.67(P