ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2) in the kidneys of rats with acute renal trauma, and to discuss the influence of ulinastatin on their expression and its protective mechanism on the kidney. Methods: The animal model was established by striking the rachi-costaz zone with falling object from the height of 45 cm. Sixty-six rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (C,n = 6),trauma group (TRA,n = 30),and ulinastatin+trauma (UTI,n = 30); the last 2 groups were further divided into 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h subgroups, with 6 animals at each time point. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of NF-κB and MMP2/TIMP-2 in different groups. Results: MMP-2 and NF-κB began to express 1 h after trauma in TRA group and their expression was significantly stronger than that in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); their expression reached the peaks at 12 h and 6 h after trauma and then gradually decreased. The expression of MMP-2 and NF-κB in UTI group reached their peaks 18 h and 12 h after trauma,respectively,and was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),but was lower than that in the TRA group at corresponding time points(P<0.01,P<0.05). The expression of TIMP-2 was significantly stronger than that in the control group and TRA group at 6 h, 12 h and 18 h after trauma(P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of NF-κB,MMP-2 is increased in acute traumatic tissue of the kidney; the increase of TIMP-2 is not evident. Ulinastatin can protect the kidney by inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and NF-κB and maintaining the balance of MMP-2/TIMP-2.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop a capillary electrophoresis system for purity test and enantioseparation of L-pramipexole. Methods: Using β-CD, HP-β-CD, SBE-β-CD and DM-β-CD as chiral selection agents, we investigated the influence of concentration, pH of chiral selection agent and column length and inner diameter on chiral separation. The enantiomers were baseline separated under the following conditions-uncoated fused silica capillary (50 μm X 47 cm) with an effective length of 40 cm, back-ground electrolyte solution, 40 mmol/l trisodium citrate buffer solution, 0.5% SBE-β-CD, pH 4.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid, 5% methanol, 25 mmol·L-1 SDS, 40 mmol·L-1 sodium tetraborate solution as running buffer, and 16 kV separation voltage. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the column temperature was 30*C. Results: The baseline separation of L-pramipexole was obtained under our condition. The optical isomerism had satisfactory resolution (Rs>2.5) and the content of R-pramipexole was less than 0.5%. Conclusion: The proposed method is simple, reliable and can be used for routine purity test and chiral separation.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of bitumen fume on neurotransmitter and ultrastructure of mice brain and to investigate the toxicity of bitumen fume on nerve system of mice brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experimental mice were forced to inhale the bitumen fume at different exposure level and in different time periods. The contents of the three transmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in mice brain were measured by the fluorescence meanwhile ultrastructure of mice brain was observed by electronic microscope. The ultrastructure of mice brain was observed under transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of DA, NE and 5-HT in all groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of time (after 8 week, with the increasing of exposure lever, the content of DA, NE, 5-HT was respectively 2.194, 2.190, 2.181, 2.178 microg/g and 1.148, 1.138, 1.135 and 1.407, 1.403, 1.395 microg), but the results did not show significant differences. The structure of the mitochondria changes included the swollen mitochondria, chromatin margination, pyknosis and apoptosis in neuro cells and the processes of swollen astrocyte cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bitumen fume could induce changes of the ultrastructure of mice brain and affect the contents of neurotransmitter of mice brain.</p>