ABSTRACT
A model that provides reproducible, submaximal yet sufficient spinal cord injury is needed to allow experiments leading to development of therapeutic techniques and prediction of clinical outcome to be conducted. This study describes an experimental model for spinal cord injury that uses three different volumes of balloon inflation and durations of compression to create a controlled gradation outcome in adult dogs. Twenty-seven mongrel dogs were used for this study. A 3-french embolectomy catheter was inserted into the epidural space through a left hemilaminectomy hole at the L4 vertebral arch. Balloons were then inflated with 50, 100, or 150 microliter of a contrast agent at the L1 level for 6, 12, or 24 h and spinal canal occlusion (SCO) measured using computed tomography. Olby score was used to evaluate the extent of spinal cord injury and a histopathologic examination was conducted 1 week after surgery. The SCO of the 50, 100, and 150 microliter inflations was 22-46%, 51-70%, and 75-89%, respectively (p 50% for 24 h, and > 75% for 12 h induces paraplegia up to a week after spinal cord injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , /methods , Disease Models, Animal , Epidural Space/injuries , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The 150 microl and 50 micol was reversed in the labeled line of the insert box in above article, on page 92, Fig. 4. The correct figure is printed below. We apologize for any confusion resulting from this error.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined the efficacy of ureteroscopic stone manipulation with comparing the success rates and complications rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The manipulation of calculi can be done under the direct vision of ureteroscope using dormia baskets with increasing safety and efficacy. The results of ureteroscopic removal of stones were reviewed in 636 cases. From January 1992 to October 1997, 636 patients underwent ureteroscopic removal of stones. RESULTS: There were 236 female and 400 male patients between 16 and 75 years old. The success rates of ureteroscopic removal of stones were related to location of the calculus: 95.8% in lower ureter, 87.7% in mid ureter and 90% in upper ureter(overall success rate was 95%). 35 cases(5.8%) of complication occurred in 604 cases of success: Severe ureteral mucosal injury in 25 patients, gross hematuria(>48hours) in 4 patients, ureteral mucosal prolapse in 3 patients, flank pain(>48hours) in 2 patients, ureteral perforation in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Ureteroscopic removal of stones can be successful and safe treatment modality for lower urethral stones, especially with plentiful experience and good surgical skill.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Calculi , Prolapse , Ureter , Ureteroscopes , UreteroscopyABSTRACT
Retroperitoneal teratoma is a rare tumor composed of tissues from all three germ cell layers - endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm. It is generally known as a disease of baby or children and as 10% of retroperitoneal tumor. Recently, we experienced a case of retroperitoneal teratoma in adult.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Ectoderm , Endoderm , Germ Cells , Mesoderm , TeratomaABSTRACT
Pheochromocytoma is one of the surgically curable hypertensive diseases and can arise wherever chromaffin cells are located. Herein, a case of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma developed in a 51 year-old male is presented with brief review of literatures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromaffin Cells , PheochromocytomaABSTRACT
Female epispadias is an uncommon congenital anomaly in genitourinary tract. We experienced a case of female epispadias with total urinary incontinence which was improved with periurethral injection of Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Collagen(GAX-Collagen) into the area of the bladder neck. The procedure was simple to perform and without significant complications. Herein we report a case of female epispadias in 29-year old female.