ABSTRACT
The cervical spinal canal at C_3-C_7 (200 in total) of 40 adult cervical spinal columns were measured on the axis radiograph. The diameter and area of spinal canal and corresponding spinal cord were investigated with vernier calipers and planimeter.The average values of the measurements are reported as follows:1. The sagittal and transverse diameter of the cervical spinal canal at C_3-C_7 are 13.71?1.31mm and 24.15?1.91mm, while those of the corresponding segment of spinal cord are 7.99?1.01mm and 13.35?1.64mm, respectively.2. The total area of the spinal canal and spinal cord at C_3-C_7 are 239.35?41.78 mm~1 and 106.6?9.9 mm~2, respectively. These data were studied with computer using multiple linear regression analysis program and a calculating formula of cervical spinal canal and the corresponding segment of spinal cord were inferred.Since sagittal and transverse diameters of vertebral canal and cervical spinal cord are measured, we may calculate the both area by using above mentioned formula. This will offer a new method for diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis and spondylosis.
ABSTRACT
One hundred Chinese adult humeral heads (50 of either side) were studied with laser. The radius, height, angle as well as the surface area of each were anteriorly, laterally and obliquely measured in two-dimensions.The main results are as follows:1) The mean angle of the articular area was 144.48?11.9?.2) The average radius and height of the humeral head were 2.15?0.16 cm and 1.56?0.24 cm respectively. The articular surface height occupied 36.05 per cent of the diameter of the approximate spherical body.3) The mean articular surface area of the humeral head was 21.02?4.03cm~2. According to the radius of the humeral head and the articular surface angle, the curvature of the articular surface can be estimated and drawn out. That will offer the theoretical data of Chinese adult humeral head for the design and manufacture of artificial joint and artificial humeral head.
ABSTRACT
1. The upper tributaries of great saphenous veins were divided into 15 types. TypeⅥ, in which the superficial iliac circumflex vein, the superficial epigastric vein and thelateral superficial femoral vein together constituted a pattern of the common trunk, wasthe most frequent one, comprising 53 sides, amounting to 25.61 per cent. 2. The average length of 156 sides of great saphenous veins was 76 cm, the longestwas 85 cm. and the shortest 65 cm. 3. With reference to the bone landmarks of lower limbs, the saphenous vein wason average 0.8 cm. from the infero-anterior margin of malleolus medialis of tibia, 5.5 cm.from the anterior middle one third of the crista of the tibia, and 1.95 cm. from the pos-terior aspect of the medial epicondylus of the femur. 4. The distance between the lower margin of the saphenous femoral junction andthe lower margin of the inguinal ligament was on the average 4.3 cm. 5. The average number of valves of the great saphenous veins was 8. The highestincidence ranged from 5--10 valves, comprising 83.58 per cent of all the cases. 6. The authors suggested that the commonly designated terms medial and lateralacessory saphenous veins should be replaced by medial and lateral superficial femoral veinsrespectively, according to their receptive scopes and the rule of anatomical nomenclature.