ABSTRACT
Asthma is one of the most common respiratory disease in children.Maintaining normal activity level(exercise ability) is the goal of treatment in children with asthma.However, when children with asthma do exercise, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) may occur.EIB is a situation that needs urgent recognition and treatment, and its severity can be determined through exercise challenge testing.But exercise challenge testing needs the equipment that expensive and difficult to implement.And it has not been widely used in clinical practice.Therefore, we need to find a more convenient method to identify EIB in children with asthma and apply it to clinical practice.This article introduces the definition and pathogenesis of EIB in children with asthma, summarizes the diagnostic methods and the prevention and treatment of EIB, so as to help pediatricians understand EIB more deeply and instruct children with asthma to do exercise better.
ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization published guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for children under 5 years old in 2019 and then published guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior for children and adolescents aged 5-17 years in 2020 for the purpose of improving the physical activity level of people around the world.The physical activity guidelines for children under the age of 5 and the physical activity recommendations for children aged 5-17 in the 2020 guidelines are interpreted, summarized the suggestions on children in physical activity, and provided help for pediatricians with suggestions on physical activity in children.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the physical activity level and sedentary time of school-age children with bronchial asthma (asthma).Methods:Asthmatic children aged 6 to 17 years old who used Chinese Children′s Asthma Action Plan on smartphones from March to May 2021 were included in the study.International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was employed to assess exercise level, and Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) was employed to evaluate sedentary behavior.The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) were employed to assess asthma control status.Clinical information was collected, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), respiratory symptoms after exercise and adherence to medication.Results:A total of 265 valid questionnaires were collected, with a median age of 9.4 (7.5, 11.6) years old.The rate of ACT/C-ACT score ≥ 20 was 74.0% (196 cases). There were 52 cases with high, 110 cases with medium and 103 cases with low activity levels.There was no significant correlation between activity level and gender, BMI, regular drug use or educational level of parents ( P>0.05). The number of children with sedentary time ≥2 hours was 204 on weekdays and 233 on weekends, respectively, and the number on weekends was significantly higher (87.9% vs.77.0%, χ2=10.967, P=0.001). There were 160 cases (60.4%) with respiratory symptoms after exercise, with the most common symptoms including cough(72 cases), wheezing(53 cases), dyspnea(43 cases), chest pain(16 cases) and chest tightness(15 cases). Despite the symptoms, 79.6%(211 cases)of all children had the subjective intention to participate in physical activities.The incidence of post-exercise symptoms in children with ACT/C-ACT scores ≥20 was significantly lower than that in children with ACT/C-ACT≤19 (37.8% vs.72.5%, χ2=10.967, P<0.001). Conclusions:Most school-age children with bronchial asthma had low to moderate levels of physical activity, and the sedentary time is long.Children with poorly controlled asthma are more likely to develop respiratory symptoms after exercise.Standardized and individualized exercise prescriptions should be further formulated to guide children with asthma to carry out reaso-nable physical exercise.
ABSTRACT
Maintaining normal physical activity level is one of the goals of asthma treatment in children with asthma.In order to better understand the relationship between asthma and exercise, it is necessary to summarize the related studies on exercise in children with asthma.This paper overviews the related researches on the benefits of exercise to patients with asthma, the current situation of exercise in children with asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and the formulation of exercise prescription in children with asthma, so that clinicians can have a deeper understanding of exercise-related content in children with asthma, in order to better guide children with asthma in exercise.
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In 2020, the World Allergy Organization released a position paper on the immunoglobulin E (IgE) allergy diagnostics and tests, which provided a thorough and updated appraisal of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, both in vivo and in vitro.This article focused on the interpretation of in vitro tests, mainly introduced three test methods of serum total IgE, allergen specific IgE detection and basophil activation test, aiming to help medical workers better understand the position paper, and further understand the diagnosis methods, so as to make accurate diagnosis and formulate the optimal treatment.
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Currently, testing for immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization is the cornerstone for the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases, including environmental control measures, medications, and/or allergen immunotherapy.In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published a position paper on IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, both in vivo and in vitro.This paper aim to interpret both the skin prick test (SPT) and the intradermal test (IDT) in vivo diagnosis.The indications, technical methods, measurement and interpretation of result, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these two diagnostic skin tests.In addition, and supplementary explanations are made on individual issues for a better understanding.
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Objective To investigate the impact of various distribution of bone cement on the early clinical outcomes in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) patients treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Methods A total of 312 patients (54 males and 258 females,mean age 69.37 years) who diagnosed as OVCF and received PKP treatment from January 2015 to July 2017 were enrolled in the present study.All subjects were divided into two groups according to different distribution of bone cement:the shaped "O" distribution (group O,113 cases),in which bone cement in the vertebral body presented whole crumb,no separation or loss of bone cement,and the shaped "H" distribution (group H,199 cases),in which bone cement in the vertebral body presented two briquettes,connected with or without a small amount of bone cement.Demographic data,surgical details,radiographic data,and clinical outcomes (at preoperatively,two-days and one-year follow-up) were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in bone mineral density (BMD),operation duration,blood loss,and occurrence of leakage of bone cement between two groups.In comparison with group O,group H was accompanied with higher volume of injected bone cement and higher proportion of bilateral approach (P＜0.05).Both groups achieved significant improvement of VAS scores after surgery,while the group H had a dramatical reduction of VAS scores at one-year follow-up compared with two-days follow-up (P＜0.05).In addition,group H had a better restoration of VAS scores at one-year follow-up than group O (P＜0.05),though no significant difference was observed at preoperative and two-days follow-up.Both groups achieved significant improvement of radiographic data after surgery (P＜0.05) with similar effects of correction.Conclusion Either shaped "H" or shaped"O" distribution of bone cement can obtain satisfied early clinical effects of PKP for the treatment of OVCF.Compared with shaped "O" distribution,shaped "H" distribution can achieve better pain relief at early follow-up.
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Childhood asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the common chronic disorders.Studies have shown that asthma can not only reduce lung function in childhood,but also increase the prevalence rate of COPD in adult life,so childhood asthma is one of the risk factors for COPD.Studies have been conducted abroad for exploring the relationship between childhood asthma and the prevalence of COPD in adult life,in terms of epidemiology,pulmonary function,and molecular mechanisms.This review is to specifically address the relationship between childhood asthma and COPD in adult life.