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Objective To explore the effect of temperature on the risk of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and population susceptibility. Methods The data of HFMD cases in Chengdu from January 1, 2016 to October 31, 2022 were collected, and local meteorological data during the same period were also collected. Distributional lag nonlinear models were developed. The relative risk (RR) of morbidity at different temperatures and different lags was calculated. Differences in the relative risk levels of different populations were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 263 776 cases of HFDM were reported in Chengdu during the study period. The distribution of HFMD was periodic. For the overall population, the short-term average temperature and RR showed a “U”-shaped relationship. When the lag time was 0-7 days, the cumulative RR was 1.59 (95%CI: 1.18-2.14) at the average temperature of -0.5℃ and 2.16 (95%CI: 1.60-2.91) at the average temperature of 34.5℃. The RR values under high and low temperatures decreased with increasing lag period. When the lag time was extended, the average temperature and RR showed an inverted “U”-shaped relationship, with higher RR at moderate temperatures and increasing as the lag period increased. The results of the subgroups showed that the RR of onset among scattered children was higher at high and low temperatures. Conclusion The risk effect of temperature on the onset of HFMD in different populations is variable and changes with the lag period, and the prevention and control measures should be adjusted in a timely and targeted manner.
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【Objective】 To analyze the clinical features and gene mutation characteristics of four children with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) in order to provide evidence for early diagnosis of this rare disease. 【Methods】 The clinical data of four cases of PDE were collected from January 2016 to June 2019 in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. We collected data of the laboratory examination, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Peripheral venous blood was collected from children and parents, genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells, and primers were designed to amplify the aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1(ALDH7A1) on the long arm of chromosome 5 using PCR; exon and the junction of exon and intron were also amplified to determine whether there is a gene mutation. 【Results】 All the 4 cases had a full-term birth and no history of birth asphyxia. ① Clinical features: onset time from 8 days after birth to 6 months after birth. Type of seizure: 1 case with myoclonus onset, then converted to spasm; 1 case for generalized seizures; 2 cases for partial seizures, then converted to generalized seizures; 3 cases were prone to epileptic seizures; 1 case was significantly worse after infection; MRI: 3 cases showed no abnormalities, 1 case showed non-specific abnormalities; EEG: One case was fragmentary hypsarrhythmia, 3 cases of multifocal epileptiform discharge; Treatment: a small dose of vitamin B6 could control the seizure, 1 of them was controlled at a tiny dose, and 3 cases were controlled by a small dose. ② Genetic analysis results: There were 4 cases of ALDH7A1 gene mutation, of which 3 cases were known gene mutations and 1 case was new mutation. 【Conclusion】 PDE has an early onset, often in the neonatal or small infancy, is prone to epilepticus and has an increased severity after infection. There is no specificity in seizure type, EEG or MRI. The analysis of ALDH7A1 gene and vitamin B6 load test can help to confirm the diagnosis, small dose of Vitamin B6 can control the seizures so as to provide reference for the dose of vitamin B6. However, the number of cases is small, and a large sample size is still needed for verification.
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Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan province from 2011 to 2016. Methods The registration data of PTB in 618 townships of Liangshan from 2011 to 2016 were collected from"Tuberculosis Management Information System of National Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to establish the geographic information database and realize the visualization of the analysis results. Software OpenGeoda 1.2.0 was used to conduct the analyses on global indication of spatial autocorrelation (GISA) and local indication of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Software SaTScan 9.4.1 was used for spatio-temporal scanning analysis. Results From 2011 to 2016, the registration rate of smear positive PTB in Liangshan declined from 56.97/100000 (2666 cases) to 21.11/100000 (1038 cases). The global spatial autocorrelation coefficient Moran's I ranged from 0.25 to 0.45 and the difference was significant (all P=0.000). Local autocorrelation analysis showed that"high-high"area covered 43, 34, 37, 34, 42 and 61 townships from 2011 to 2016, respectively, mainly in Leibo county. Spatial temporal clustering analysis found one class Ⅰ clustering in the area around Bagu township of Meigu county and two class Ⅱ clustering in the areas around Liumin and Hekou township of Huili county, respectively (all P=0.000). Conclusion Obvious spatial temporal clustering of smear positive PTB distribution was found in Liangshan from 2011-2016. Hot spot areas with serious smear positive PTB epidemic and high spread risk were mainly found in northeastern Liangshan, including townships in Leibo and Meigu counties. Targeted TB prevention and control should be conducted in these areas.
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Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan province from 2011 to 2016. Methods The registration data of PTB in 618 townships of Liangshan from 2011 to 2016 were collected from"Tuberculosis Management Information System of National Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to establish the geographic information database and realize the visualization of the analysis results. Software OpenGeoda 1.2.0 was used to conduct the analyses on global indication of spatial autocorrelation (GISA) and local indication of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Software SaTScan 9.4.1 was used for spatio-temporal scanning analysis. Results From 2011 to 2016, the registration rate of smear positive PTB in Liangshan declined from 56.97/100000 (2666 cases) to 21.11/100000 (1038 cases). The global spatial autocorrelation coefficient Moran's I ranged from 0.25 to 0.45 and the difference was significant (all P=0.000). Local autocorrelation analysis showed that"high-high"area covered 43, 34, 37, 34, 42 and 61 townships from 2011 to 2016, respectively, mainly in Leibo county. Spatial temporal clustering analysis found one class Ⅰ clustering in the area around Bagu township of Meigu county and two class Ⅱ clustering in the areas around Liumin and Hekou township of Huili county, respectively (all P=0.000). Conclusion Obvious spatial temporal clustering of smear positive PTB distribution was found in Liangshan from 2011-2016. Hot spot areas with serious smear positive PTB epidemic and high spread risk were mainly found in northeastern Liangshan, including townships in Leibo and Meigu counties. Targeted TB prevention and control should be conducted in these areas.
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Objective:To investigate the psychological changes of leukemia children and their parents during treatment and rehabilitation,and provide the basis for medical staff giving humanistic care to them.Methods:20 leukemia children and their parents were interviewed and accepted one to one individualized intervention after ana-lyzing the information and posing problems.Results:Leukemia children need long-term treatment, and chemo-therapeutic drugs has obvious side effect, which make parents and children painful and easily cause negative emo-tion and psychological problems.Timely psychological intervention and humanistic care are good for disease recov-ery.Conclusion:According to children′s psychological characteristics in different treatment stages and parents′psy-chological needs conclusion was made that humanistic care on leukemia children should include:to make the pa-tient comfortable first, meet the psychological demands of children in different ages, improve medical technology, carry out painless therapy, enhance communication skills between doctors and patients, give the necessary social support, and improve the children′s quality of life.
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Objective To study the relationship between the activity of interleukin-4 and interferon-? with steroid effect in children with primary nephrotic syndrome before initiation of steroid therapy. Methods The activity of interleukin-4 and interferon-? in the supernatants of monocytes cell cultures activated with phytohemagglutinin was assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay in 31 children with primary nephrotic syndrome before iniatiation of steroid therapy. After steroid treatment for 8 weeks, data of steroid sensitivity and resistance were analyzed. Results Before initiation of steroid treament, in steroid sensitivity children with primary nephrotic syndrome an increased proliferative response of interleukin-4 was found (P0.05). Conclusion The activity of interleukin-4 is a useful tool for evaluating the likelihood of steroid sensitivity in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.