Study of high intensity focused ultrasound in cervix intraepitheliar neoplasia grade Ⅰ prognosis / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of cervical intraepitheliar neoplasia grade Ⅰ (CIN Ⅰ) after treated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) Ⅰ.Methods 155 CIN Ⅰ cases in treatment group started following after HIFU method,548 cases in control group started following after cervical biopsy under the colposcope.The following intermissions were 6 months,12 months,24 months,36 months,Liquid based cytological test (LCT) and hybrid captured-Ⅱ for high rate-humanpapilomavirus (HR-HPV)test were used in every following test,and if the LCT result was atypical squamous cells (ASC-US) and HR-HPV positive,or the LCT result was greater than or equal,cervical biopsy was undergone by the colposcope to make sure the CIN Ⅰ diagnosis.Results (1) The lost rates of treatment group and control group in 36 months were 18.66％ and 10.22％.(2) The inversion rates in 6 months,12 months,24 months and 36 months were 77.51 ％,80.38 ％,86.12 ％ and 88.28 ％,inversion cases were rose up by the treatment gradually,succession rates were 33.01 ％,22.97％,9.33％ and 1.44％,and descended down gradually.(3)The inversion rates in treatment group and control group increased with observation time,there were significant differences during the 6 months,12 months,24 months and 36 months (P ＜ 0.05) ; the succession rates in treatment group and control group descended with observation time,there were significant differences during the 6 months,12 months and 24 months (P ＜ 0.05),and there were not significant differences in the 36 months,but significant differences between treatment group's and control group s progressive rate.Conclusions No solid scar,improving lesions inversion,reducing succession rate,guarding against the canceration were the advantages of HIFU in treatment for CIN I.

Study on diagnostic standards for fine needle aspiration cytological diagnosis of breast masses: a comparative analysis of cytology and histology of 951 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the basic morphological factors and the reliability and limitations of the diagnostic standards of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast masses which drafted.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 4 309 fine needle aspiration biopsy cases of breast were performed and 951 cases of which were checked with their histological diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 413 aspiration smear studies, relatively identical morphological features were found on the smears of lesions of the same nature. The sensitivity of diagnosis of malignant tumor in 732 cases, the specificity of diagnosis of benign lesion in 219 cases and the overall accuracy of diagnosis were 97.3%, 97.7%, and 97.4% respectively. The false negative rate, potential false positive rate and the overall misdiagnosis rate were 2.7%, 2.3% and 2.6% respectively, no false positive diagnosis case was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) The differentiation and the arrangement pattern of the tubular epithelial cells and the amount of benign naked nuclear cells are the three essential factors in the analysis of morphological changes of FNAC of breast mass. (2) The examination of our diagnostic standards of FNAC of breast masses shows that the standards are very reliable but have certain limitations which need to be resolved by histopathological diagnosis.</p>

Histopathological features of 27 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical and histopathological features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, laboratory, as well as histological features of 27 cases of PBC were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male to female ratio was 1:8 (3:24), aged from 22 to 69 years. The main clinical manifestations included: fatigue (62.9%, 17/27), jaundice (59.2%, 16/27) and pruritus (29.6%, 8/27), with all of patients having markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and 95.8% (23/27) of the patients being positive for anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA). The main histopathological changes were: necroinflammation of interlobular bile ducts (100%, 27/27), lymphocyte aggregation or lymphocyte follicles (15%, 4/27), granuloma (26%, 7/27), decreased number of interlobular bile ducts and smaller bile duct proliferation (55%, 15/27), feathery degeneration of hepatocytes (59%, 16/27); bilirubinostasis in hepatocytes and/or canaliculi (52%, 14/27); fibrosis and distortion of lobules (26%, 7/27), pseudolobular formation (11%, 3/27).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main clinical features of PBS are fatigue and pruritus, markedly elevated phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and positive AMA with or without jaundice. Its histopathological hallmarks are (1)necroinflammmation and ductopenia involved mainly in interlobular bile ducts; (2)lymphocyte aggregation, granuloma formation and bile ductular proliferation in the portal area; and (3)feathery degeneration of hepatocytes.</p>

Clinicopathological observation of renal adenomas / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the morphologic features and diagnostic criteria of various types pf renal adenomas of the kidney.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In addition to light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemical and immunohistochemical assays were applied. All 19 cases of adenomas were followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three (3) cases of papillary adenoma were featured as papillary or tubulopapillary growth in patterns consisting of tumor cells with basophilic or acidophilic cytoplasm and were positive for both epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CK7). Thirteen (13) cases of oncocytoma were characterized by the diversity of the structures including to be nest, tubular and papillary in pattern; a mixture of cell types including the classic oncocytes, oncoblasts and clear cells which were negative for vimentin and CK7 but positive for EMA. Enormous large mitochondria were obtained in 4 cases of oncocytoma by electronic microscopy. Three (3) cases of metanephric adenoma consisted of closely packed, round tubules lined by small bland cells with solid, glomeruloid constructure. Branching, elongated tubules and polypoid fronds were also detected. Tumor cells were negative for EMA, negative or only focally positive for CK7. Eighteen (18) patients were alive except one oncocytoma patient died 5 years after the diagnosis convinced. All the cases reported in this article had been followed up of 3 - 5 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are 3 kinds of renal adenomas, namely, the papillary adenoma, oncocytoma, and metanephric adenoma and each kind has its own clincopathological features. The latter two can be recognized by their distinctive morphology, and the former can only be diagnosed according to the size of the tumor as the reference. Histochemical and immohistochemical assays are helpful in differential diagnosis.</p>

The influence of heat-induced epitope retrieval on endogenous avidin-binding activity (EABA) and blocking of EABA in immunohistochemistry / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) on endogenous avidin-binding activity (EABA) and to establish an effective way to block EABA in immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Systematically screening EABA in 164 (679 samples) formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues including 76 (102 samples) normal tissues and 88 (577 samples) tumor tissues as well as 4 (80 samples) formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded rat normal tissues using tissue array (tissue chip), HIER, immunohistochemistry and egg white solution blocking. In addition, EABA was also examined in 9 (15 samples) human frozen tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) EABA was detected in frozen tissues. (2) No staining for EABA was seen in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. (3) EABA was revealed after the tissues treated with microwave HIER. (4) The density of signal for EABA was variable from tissue to tissue and cell to cell. (5) The signals of EABA expressed in scatter or diffuse in tissues and in granular form in cytoplasm. (6) EABA was found in a wide range of epithelial tissues, especially in gland epithelia of normal and tumor tissues. These included kidney, adrenal cortex, liver, C cells of thyroid gland, oxyphil cells of parathyroid, fundal gland of stomach, sebaceous gland of skin, duct of salivary; oncocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of kidney and thyroid gland, adenolymphoma of parotid, carcinoma of liver cell, adenocarcinoma of stomach, colon, prostate, gall bladder and endometrium, and so on. (7) EABA was easier revealed by higher pH value buffer (EGTA pH 9.0) than that with lower pH value (EDTA pH 8.0 and citrate pH 6.0). (8) The revealed EABA could be effectively blocked using 20% egg white solution.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HIER could unmask EABA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The unmasked EABA present in a wide range of human normal and tumor tissues as well as in rat normal tissues. The EABA could influence routine immunohistochemistry staining when using (strept)avidin-horseradish peroxidase detective system. The egg white solution could effectively block EABA and eliminate the influence of EABA on immunohistochemistry.</p>

The detection of c-myc,Bcl-2 protein and DNA ploidy in invasive breast carcinoma and its significance / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of c-myc、Bcl-2 protein expression, DNA ploidy and their relationship in breast cancer. MethodsWT5”BZ The expression of c-myc、Bcl-2 protein in 146 breast tumor tissues was examined by using immunohistochemical methods(S-P)and DNA ploidy in 72 cases of breast carcinoma by flow cytometry. ResultsKG1 Nuclear expression of c-myc protein was detected in 9 6% of tumors, and it was related to the DNA aneuploidy and prognosis. Cytoplasmic expression of c-myc protein was present in 91 8% of the carcinomas. Moderate to strong c-myc protein expression in cytoplasmic was associated with the positive status of ER. Bcl-2 protein was positive in 78 8% of cancers. Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein was associated with ER(+) status and the lack of axillary lymph node metastasis. DNA aneuploidy was found in 51 4% of 72 cancers, it was related to nuclear expression of c-myc protein and prognosis.WT5”HZConclusion Nuclear expression of c-myc protein and DNA ploidy are important prognostic factors.