ABSTRACT
Voiding dysfunction is common in children.The clinical manifestations include frequent micturition, urgent urination, micturition pain, delayed micturition, urinary incontinence, and enuresis.There may be only one symptom or multiple clinical manifestations at the same time, which is closely related to defecation dysfunction.Without timely diagnosis and treatment, in addition to affecting the quality of life, it often causes renal function damage and can even be life-threatening.Therefore, we should pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment of voiding dysfunction in children.
ABSTRACT
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)is caused by a variety of reasons,with various phenotypes characterized by congenital anatomic abnormalities of urinary system,and the rate of occurrence is nigh.CAKUT is the main cause of chronic kidney disease in cnildren,and some patients can progress to end-stage renal disease(ESRD).The study of CAKUT in cnildren is of great significance to eugenics,and its pathogenesis is not completely clear.However,many studies have proved that the pathogenesis of CAKUT is related to many factors,such as gene mutation,copy number variation and environment.In addition,the use of color doppler ultrasonography has a significant advantage in the discovery of cnildren's CAKUT.It is the first choice for screening,and then the early corresponding treatment intervention will greatly reduce the degree of damage to the renal function of the cnildren and improve the survival rate of the cnildren,which is of great significance for the prevention of disease.We reviewed the epidemiological studies,etiological studies,color doppler ultrasound screening and interventive treatment of children with CAKUT in recent years,in order to make pediatricians understand children's CAKUT more comprehensively,and take active intervention measures to delay the progress of CKD and orevent the occurrence of ESRD.