ABSTRACT
Image-guided radiation therapy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new technology that has been widely studied and developed in recent years. The technology combines the advantages of MRI imaging, and can offer online real-time tracking of tumor and adjacent organs at risk, as well as real-time optimization of radiotherapy plan. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of this technology, and to grasp the international development and trends in this field, this paper reviews and summarizes related researches, so as to make the researchers and clinical personnel in this field to understand recent status of this technology, and carry out corresponding researches. This paper summarizes the advantages of MRI and the research progress of MRI linear accelerator (MR-Linac), online guidance, adaptive optimization, and dosimetry-related research. Possible development direction of these technologies in the future is also discussed. It is expected that this review can provide a certain reference value for clinician and related researchers to understand the research progress in the field.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Particle Accelerators , Radiometry , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted , Radiotherapy, Image-GuidedABSTRACT
The distribution and prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in major live poultry wholesale markets around the Dongting Lake region ,China were investigated in our study to propose prevention and control measures on low pathogenic avian flu in the area of live poultry wholesale market .The samples were injected to SPF chicken embryos by allanto-ic cavity ,and then the allantoic fluid were harvested and used for hemagglutination (HA) .If it was positive by HA ,subtypes of the virus would be determined by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and RT-PCT .We isolated 627 low pathogenic avian in-fluenza viruses in major live poultry wholesale market around Dongting Lake region systematically in winter and spring during 2009-2011 ,and the total separation rate was 22 .2% .The duck swab separation rate of low pathogenic avian influenza was the highest ,which was 24 .6% ,and the following was chicken swab that reached 21 .5% ,and the goose swab separation rate was 11% .We isolated 6 HA subtypes including H3 ,H4 ,H6 ,H9 ,H10 ,and H11 in every live poultry wholesale market ,and the separation rate of H9 ,H6 and H4 subtypes was relatively high ,which could reach 11% ,6 .3% and 3 .4% ,respectively . Those results indicated that recessive infection of low pathogenic avian influenza virus was serious in live poultry wholesale mar-ket around the Dongting Lake area ,and it was a great threat to the occurrence of avian flu .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of oncogene C-erbB-2 and its significance in colorectal carcinoma. Methods Immunohistological EnVision staining was used to detect the expression of C-erbB-2 in 171 colorectal carcinoma, and 15 normal colorectal tissues were taken as controls. Results The positive percentages of C-erbB-2 in colorectal carcinoma and normal colorectal tissues were 23.4 % (40/171)and 0, which was significantly different (P ＜0.05). Only 5 samples showed strong positive expression (++ and +++) on epicyte, no relationship was found between C-erbB-2 expression and patients' gender, tumor differentiation, tumor stage, vascular and lymph node involvement, etc(P ＞0.05). The five year survival rate were 69.5 % (91/131) and 65.0 % (26/40) of C-erbB-2 negative and positive expression, the difference was not statistical (P ＞0.05). Conclusion There was on significant association between C-erbB-2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal carcinoma. C-erbB-2 did not present prognostic value in colorectal carcinoma.