ABSTRACT
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF)can mobilize hemopoietic stem cells(HSCs)from bone marrow to peripheral circulation,stimulating HSCs and marrow stromal cells(MSCs)homing to the lesion of cerebral ischemia,contributing to the interactions of HSCs and MSCs with the cells in ischemic penumbra,and promoting the generation of neurotrophic factors.G-CSF also has antiapoptotic effect on neurons and drives neurogenesis.Mobilizing autologous HSCs and MSCs using G-CSF for the treatment of local cerebral ischemic injury may reduce the volume of cerebral infarction,and improve neurological functional recovery.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the transvenous catheterization technique for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSdAVFs), including its indications, complications and efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight patients with symptomatic CSdAVFs were treated by endovascular embolization with platinum coils, via the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) in 6 patients, and via the Sylvian vein after surgical exposure in other 2 patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Complete angiographic resolution of the fistula was obtained in six patients immediately after the procedures, and a complete resolution of symptoms and signs was achieved in all patients. The residual fistulas in two patients disappeared completely in the follow-up angiography.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transvenous embolization is a useful and safe approach in the management of CSdAVFs.</p>